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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and north American muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter j.TAYLOR Aluwani nEnGOVHELA christiane DEnYS Graham R.SCOTT Catherine m.IVY Department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one north American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)*** studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and Gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same *** observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exch.nge in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size north America Rodentia sensory evolution

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chemically mediated Interactions between Grapevine, Aphid, Ladybird, and Ant in the Context of Insect chemical Ecology

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Phyton-International journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第7期93卷 1523-1542页

作者： Taghreed Alsufyani noura j.Alotaibi nour Houda m’sakni mona A.Almalki Eman m.Alghamdi Department of chemistry College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Biology College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceKing AbdulAziz UniversityP.O.Box 80200Jeddah21589Saudi Arabia

This study simpliﬁes the complex relationship among grapevine plants,aphids,ladybirds,and ants,which is essential for effective pest management and ecological *** study investigated the impact of aphid attacks and the presence of ants and ladybirds on the volatile compounds proﬁle released into the chemosphere of the community consisting of the common vine Vitis vinifera,the aphid Aphis illinoisensis,the ladybird Cocci-nella undecimpunctata-and the ant Tapinoma *** study aims to analyze the volatile compounds emitted by the grapevine and surrounding insects in response to these intricate *** extraction of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)was carried out using closed-loop stripping(CLS)and then analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-mS)and principles coordinated analysis(PCA)was *** grapevine was exposed to different types and order of treatments,including non-infested,aphid-infested,aphid-infested with ant,aphid-infested with ladybird,and various combinations of ant and *** the aphid attack,the outcomes uncovered massive alterations in the volatile compound proﬁ*** grapevine displayed distinct emissions of germacrene D,an alcohol,and an alkene compared to non-infested *** characteristic VOC proﬁle was the share of infested grapes in the presence of ants,with benzene derivatives and sesquiterpenes dominating the *** coexistence of ladybirds with ants and aphids resulted in a dif-ferent volatile proﬁle characterized by elevated levels of aldehydes,ketones,α-farnesene,and its hydroxy *** was concluded that the emission of VOCs into the chemosphere of the grapevine communities varied qualitatively and quantitatively depending on the level of the relationship complexity within each community in response to the infestation of grapevines by aphids,the presence of ladybirds as natural predators,and the presence of ant as *** grapevine’s status-dependent compounds

关键词： Aphids Aphis illinoisensis volatile organic compounds chemosphere pest management gas chromatography-mass spectrometry closed-loop stripping

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Bismuth-based halide double perovskite Cs_(2)KBiCl_(6): Disorder and luminescence

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ch.nese chemical Letters 2024年第5期35卷 504-508页

作者： Pan Liu Yanming Sun Alberto j.Fernández-Carrión Bowen Zhang Hui Fu Lunhua He Xing ming Congling Yin Xiaojun Kuang mOE Key Laboratory of new Processing Technology for nonferrous metal and materials Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optic and Electronic Materials and DevicesCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringGuilin University of TechnologyGuilin 541004China Analytical Instrumentation Center College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Spallation neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China ch.nese Academic of Science Institute of PhysicsBeijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsBeijing 100190China Songshan Lake materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China College of Science Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin 541004China College of chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin 541004China

A new bismuth-based halide double perovskite Cs_(2)KBiCl_(6) was isolated successfully through solid-state reactions and investigated using X-ray and neutron *** than an ordered structure,the crystal structure consists of shifted Cs,K,Bi,and Cl sites from the ideal positions with fractional occupancy in compensation,leading to variable local coordination of Cs^(+)ions,as revealed by^(133)Cs solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance ***_(2)KBiCl_(6) displays volume hysteresis at 5-298 K range upon heating and *** Cs_(2)KBiCl_(6) has a direct bandgap of 3.35(2)eV and red-shift luminescence of around 600 nm upon mn doping compared with the na *** stabilization of disordered structure in Cs_(2)KBiCl_(6) is related to two factors including the large-sized K^(+)cation which prefers to coordinate with more than six Cl^(-),and the Bi^(3+)with 6s^(2) lone pair which has a preference for a local asymmetric *** findings could have general application and help to understand the structure and property of halide perovskites.

关键词： Halide perovskite Double perovskite Luminescence Disordered structure Direct bandgap

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Interfacial stress engineering toward enhancement of ferroelectricity in Al doped HfO2 thin films

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ch.nESE PHYSICS B 2024年第9期33卷 637-643页

作者： ch.n, S. X. ch.n, m. m. Liu, Y. Cao, D. W. ch.n, G. j. jiangsu Univ Dept Microelect Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China jiangsu Univ Dept Phys Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Foshan Univ Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Joint Lab Intelligent Mi Foshan 528225 Peoples R China

Ferroelectric HfO2 has attracted much attention owing to its superior ferroelectricity at an ultra-thin thickness and good compatibility with Si-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CmOS) technology. However, the crystallization of polar orthorhombic phase (o-phase) HfO2 is less competitive, which greatly limits the ferroelectricity of the as-obtained ferroelectric HfO2 thin films. Fortunately, the crystallization of o-phase HfO2 can be thermodynamically modulated via interfacial stress engineering. In this paper, the growth of improved ferroelectric Al doped HfO2 (HfO2:Al) thin films on (111)-oriented Si substrate has been reported. Structural analysis has suggested that nonpolar monoclinic HfO2:Al grown on (111)-oriented Si substrate suffered from a strong compressive strain, which promoted the crystallization of (111)-oriented o-phase HfO2 in the as-grown HfO2:Al thin films. In addition, the in-plane lattice of (111)-oriented Si substrate matches well with that of (111)-oriented o-phase HfO2, which further thermally stabilizes the o-phase HfO2. Accordingly, an improved ferroelectricity with a remnant polarization (2P(r)) of 26.7 mu C/cm(2) has been obtained. The results shown in this work provide a simple way toward the preparation of improved ferroelectric HfO2 thin films.

关键词： improved ferroelectricity interfacial stress engineering compressive strain HfO2 THERmAL-EXPAnSIOn

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 1-12页

作者： Lucia V.Sommaro juan j.martinez marina B.chiappero Andrea R.Steinmann Cristina n.Gardenal joséW.Priotto Laboratorio de Ecologia Evolutiva y Biogeografia Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas(INECoA)Universidad Nacional de Jujuy-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas(CONICET)San Salvador de JujuyJujuyArgentina Instituto de Diversidad y Ecologia Animal(IDEA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET)and Universidad Nacionalde CordobaCordobaArgentina Catedra de Genética de Poblaciones y Evolucion Facultad de Ciencias ExactasFisicas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de CordobaCordobaArgentina Grupo de Investigaciones en Ecologia Poblacional y Comportamental(GIEPCO) Instituto de Ciencias de la TierraBiodiversidad y Ambiente(ICBiA)Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET)Rio CuartoCordobaArgentina

The sex-biased dispersal and kinship dynamics are important factors shaping the spatial distribution of individuals and are key parameters affecting a variety of ecological and evolutionary ***,we studied the spatial distribution of related individuals within a population of corn mice Calomys musculinus in a seasonal cycle to infer dispersal *** sampling was carried out from spring 2005 to winter 2006 in field borders of intensively managed *** data from 346 individuals with 9 microsatellites showed spatial genetic structure was weak for males,but not for *** results indicate a complex spatial kinship dynamic of related females across all ***,contrary to our expectations,dispersal distances decrease with the increase of the population ***,male dispersal distances were greater when population abundance increased and thus the availability of active *** disperse greater distances to mate and sire offspring with distant females as a possible inbreeding avoidance *** study shows that *** is capable of much greater scattering distances than previously reported and that dispersal occurs fluidly and without barriers across the *** indirect benefit of dispersal on individual fitness could be related to relaxing the competition in the natal area and increasing the mating *** study highlights the value of combining genetic relatedness,fieldwork observations,and behavioral data to estimate dispersal at a fine geographical scale.

关键词： dispersal distances kinship dynamics microsatellite small mammals spatial autocorrelation

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Complexed amino acid minerals ***-glycinate chelated minerals:Impact on the performance of old laying hens

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Animal nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 395-408页

作者： marcos j.B.Santos maria C.m.m.Ludke Leandro m.Silva Carlos B.V.Rabello mércia R.Barros Fabiano S.Costa Clariana S.Santos jamille S.S.Wanderley Department of Animal Science Rural Federal University of PernambucoRecifePEBrazil Department of Veterinary Science Rural Federal University of PernambucoRecifePEBrazil

The present study was to evaluate the effect of trace minerals(Zn,mn,and Cu)from complexed amino acid minerals(ZmCAA)and bis-glycinate chelated minerals(ZmCGly)in laying hen diets on performance,internal and external egg quality,yolk mineral deposition,intestinal morphometry,and bone *** 78 to 98 weeks of age,400 White LSL-Lite strain laying hens were distributed in a randomized design with 4 treatments with 10 replicates per *** were distributed in a 2×2 factorial arrangement using either Zn,mn,and Cu of ZmCAA or ZmCGly source at 2 levels:low(20,20,and 3.5 mg/kg of Zn,mn,and Cu,respectively)or high(40,40,and 7 mg/kg of Zn,mn,and Cu,respectively).The analysis of variance was performed,and in cases where differences were observed,the means were compared using Tukey?s test(Pnd level of trace mineral supplementation had a significant impact on the performance of laying *** fed ZmCAA had higher egg production(P=0.01),egg weight(P=0.02),egg mass(P=0.01),and lower feed conversion ratio(P=0.05)compared to those fed *** ZmCAA supplementation showed higher albumen height(P=0.01),albumen weight(P=0.01),and eggshell thickness(Pn of Zn(Pmn(Pnd Cu(Pn the egg yolk was greater for hens received *** weight(P=0.04)and bone densitometry(Pn the tibia were higher with ZmCAA *** the small intestine,ZmCAA resulted in longer villi(P=0.02)and shorter crypt depth(P=0.01)in the *** and ileum measurements were influenced by the level and source of trace minerals(Png hens fed ZmCAA exhibited superior performance,egg quality,deposition of trace minerals in the egg yolk,and bone density compared to hens fed *** this study,older laying hens supplemented with ZmCAA at lower levels demonstrated adequate levels of supplementation.

关键词： Bis-glycinates metal-amino acids Radiodensity Trace minerals

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Evidence for particle acceleration approach.ng PeV energies in the W51 complex

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Science Bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. Axikegu Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.j. Bi, Y.j. Bian, W. Bukevich, A.V. Cao, Q. Cao, W.Y. Cao, Zhe ch.ng, j. ch.ng, j.F. ch.n, A.m. ch.n, E.S. ch.n, H.X. ch.n, Liang ch.n, Lin ch.n, Long ch.n, m.j. ch.n, m.L. ch.n, Q.H. ch.n, S. ch.n, S.H. ch.n, S.Z. ch.n, T.L. ch.n, Y. ch.ng, n. ch.ng, Y.D. Cui, m.Y. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu Dong, X.Q. Duan, K.K. Fan, j.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fang, j. Fang, j.H. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, H. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, Y. Feng, Y.L. Gabici, S. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, m.m. Geng, L.S. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, m.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. Hasan, m. He, H.H. He, H.n. He, j.Y. He, Y. Hor, Y.K. Hou, B.W. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.B. Hu, Q. Hu, S.C. Huang, D.H. Huang, T.Q. Huang, W.j. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Y. ji, X.L. jia, H.Y. jia, K. jiang, K. jiang, X.W. jiang, Z.j. jin, m. Kang, m.m. Karpikov, I. Kuleshov, D. Kurinov, K. Li, B.B. Li, C.m. Li, ch.ng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, jian Li, jie Li, K. Li, S.D. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.j. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, D.B. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, j. Liu, j.L. Liu, m.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.m. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.n. Luo, Q. Luo, Y. Lv, H.K. ma, B.Q. ma, L.L. ma, X.H. mao, j.R. min, Z. mitthumsiri, W. mu, H.j. nan, Y.C. neronov, A. Ou, L.j. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, j.C. Qi, m.Y. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, j.j. Raza, A. Ruffolo, D. Sáiz, A. Saeed, m. Semikoz, D. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shu, F.W. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, D.X. Sun, Q.n. Sun, X.n. Sun, Z.B. Takata, j. Tam, P.H.T. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China University of ch.nese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China TIAnFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland max-Planck-Institut for nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg 69029 Germany School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Institute for nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 117312 Russia Hebei normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China University of Science and Technology of ch.na Hefei 230026 China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210023 China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou 311121 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University) Ministry of Education Lhasa 850000 China national Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519000 & Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong China Institute of Frontier and

The γ-ray emission from the W51 complex is widely acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic rays (CRs) accelerated by the shock of supernova remnant (SnR) W51C and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region, W51B. However, the maximum acceleration capability of W51C for CRs remains elusive. Based on observations conducted with the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), we report a significant detection of γ rays emanating from the W51 complex, with energies from 2 to 200 TeV. The LHAASO measurements, for the first time, extend the γ-ray emission from the W51 complex beyond 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum bending at tens of TeV. By combining the "π0-decay bump" featured data from Fermi-LAT, the broadband γ-ray spectrum of the W51 region can be well-characterized by a simple pp-collision model. The observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at ∼400 TeV or a power-law break at ∼200 TeV in the CR proton spectrum, most likely providing the first evidence of SnRs serving as CR accelerators approach.ng the PeV regime. Additionally, two young star clusters within W51B could also be theoretically viable to produce the most energetic γ rays observed by LHAASO. Our findings strongly support the presence of extreme CR accelerators within the W51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic CRs. © 2024 Science ch.na Press

关键词： Cosmic rays

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Dietary supplementation of zinc oxide modulates intestinal functionality during the post-weaning period in clinically healthy piglets

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 313-328页

作者： Dirkjan Schokker Soumya K.Kar Els Willems Alex Bossers Ruud A.Dekker Alfons j.m.j.nsman Wageningen Bioveterinary Research LelystadThe Netherlands Wageningen Livestock Research Wageningen University&ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands Royal Agrifirm Group ApeldoornThe Netherlands Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands

Background To improve our understanding of host and intestinal microbiome interaction,this research investigated the effects of a high-level zinc oxide in the diet as model intervention on the intestinal microbiome and small intestinal functionality in clinically healthy post-weaning *** study 1,piglets received either a high concentration of zinc(Zn)as zinc oxide(Zn O,Zn,2,690 mg/kg)or a low Zn concentration(100 mg/kg)in the diet during the post weaning period(d 14–23).The effects on the piglet's small intestinal microbiome and functionality of intestinal tissue were *** study 2,the impact of timing of the dietary zinc intervention was investigated,i.e.,between d 0–14 and/or d 14–23 post weaning,and the consecutive effects on the piglet's intestinal functionality,here referring to microbiota composition and diversity and gene expression *** Differences in the small intestinal functionality were observed during the post weaning period between piglets receiving a diet with a low or high concentration Zn O content.A shift in the microbiota composition in the small intestine was observed that could be characterized as a non-pathological ch.nge,where mainly the commensals *** the immediate post weaning period,i.e.,d 0–14,the highest number of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in intestinal tissue were observed between animals receiving a diet with a low or high concentration Zn O content,i.e.,23 DEGs in jejunal tissue and 11 DEGs in ileal *** genes are involved in biological processes related to immunity and inflammatory *** example,genes CD59 and REG3G were downregulated in the animals receiving a diet with a high concentration Zn O content compared to low Zn O content in both jejunum and ileum *** the second study,a similar result was obtained regarding the expression of genes in intestinal tissue related to immune pathways when comparing piglets receiving a diet with a high concentration Zn O con

关键词： Immune system Intestinal functionality microbiota Piglets Zinc oxide

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methionine sources and genotype affect embryonic intestinal development,antioxidants,tight junctions,and growth-related gene expression in chickens

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Animal nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 218-230页

作者： james K.Lugata Sawadi F.ndunguru Gebrehaweria K.Reda Xénia E.Ozsváth Eszter Angyal Levente Czeglédi Gabriella Gulyás Renáta Knop jános Oláh Zoltán mészár Rita Varga Brigitta Csernus Csaba Szabó Department of Animal nutrition and Physiology Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental management Doctoral School of Animal ScienceUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

methionine(met)is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and *** present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of DL-met and L-met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and *** eggs of the two genotypes,TETRA-SL layer hybrid(TSL)—commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(HPC)—a native genotype,were randomly distributed into four treatments for each *** treatment groups include the following:1)control non-injected eggs(noIn);2)saline-injected(SaIn);3)DL-met injected(DLm);and 4)L-met injected(Lm).The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development;after hatch.ng,eight chicks per group were sacrificed,and the jejunum was extracted for *** results showed that both DLm and Lm groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width,villus height,and villus area(Pmpared to the *** DLm group had significantly reduced crypt depth,glutathione(GSH)content,glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha(GST3),occludin(OCLn)gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSL genotype than the Lm group(Pnotype has overexpressed insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1)gene,tricellulin(mD2),occludin(OCLn),superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1),and GST3 genes than the TSL genotype(Pn conclusion,these findings showed that in ovo injection of met enhanced intestinal development,and function,with genotypes responding differently under normal *** also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants,tight junction,and growth-related genes.

关键词： DL-methionine L-methionine In ovo injection Intestinal development Poultry

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Effect of Processing and Cultivar on Thermo-chemical Properties of Australian-Grown Hemp Hurd (Cannabis sativa L.)

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journal of Renewable materials 2024年第8期12卷 1475-1493页

作者： Fehrmann j. Belleville B. Ozarska B. Ismayati m. Dwianto W. School of Agriculture Food and Ecosystem Sciences (SAFES) Faculty of Science The University of Melbourne Melbourne 3121 Australia Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Jakarta 16911 Indonesia

This study explored the thermo-chemical properties of industrial hemp hurd with different provenances, maturity stages, and retting protocols. The findings were then compared to hemp hurd used in the fabrication of citric acid-bonded ultra-low-density hemp hurd particleboard. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/mS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to document the variability of the hurd and comprehend the potential impact on biobased composite applications. The choice of cultivar, maturity stage, and processing modality significantly influenced the chemical composition, presence of functional groups, and thermal stability of the hurd. Py-GC/mS revealed substantial variations in the lignin-to-carbohydrate (L/C) ratio, along with the absence of fatty acids in certain cultivars. While FTIR signals confirmed consistent functional groups, differences in peak intensities were indicative of carbohydrate variations associated with maturity and retting duration, impacting the availability of hydroxyl groups for, i.e., interparticle bonding in citric acid-based bio-composites. Furthermore, it was observed that shorter retting durations initially enhanced the thermal resistance, but prolonged retting led to accelerated degradation, significantly reducing the hurd’s residual mass. The findings indicated notable differences among the samples, emphasizing the importance of investigating variables such as provenance/cultivar, maturity,andprocessing modality. This assessment is essential to ensure effective agronomic practices that align the raw material characteristics with the specific requirements of intended applications, such as the fabrication of biobased hemp hurd composites. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： chemical analysis Hemp hurd material characterization thermal analysis

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