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Tanning capacityof Tessmannia burttii extracts:thepotentialeco-friendlytanning agents fortheleatherindustry

Journal of Leather Science and Engineering 2021年第1期3卷 149-157页

作者： cecilia r.china Stephen S.Nyandoro Joan J.E.Munissi Mihayo M.Maguta Michael Meyer Michaela Schroepfer Division of Textile and Leather Technologies Tanzania Industrial Research and Development OrganizationP.O.Box 2355Dar es SalaamTanzania Chemistry Department College of Natural and Applied SciencesUniversity of Dar es SalamP.O.Box 35061Dar es SalaamTanzania Department of Environmental Planning Institute of Rural Development Planning(IRDP)P.O.Box 138DodomaTanzania FILK-research Institute of Leather and Plastic Sheeting Meißner Ring 1-509599 FreibergGermany

In the present study,the tannins from stem and root barks of Tessmannia burttii Harms(Caesalpiniaceae),a plant species abundantly growing in Tanzania and other parts of Africa,were investigated for their suitability in hides *** powder was extracted at selected temperatures(30,50 and 80°C)and the influence of each temperature on the crosslinking capacity was *** interaction mechanism between hide powder collagen and the tannins was studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC),trinitrobenzensulfonic(TNBS)acid assay and amino acid hydrolysis *** temperatures showed low influence on crosslinking capacity of the ***,extract obtained at 50°C exhibited best performance in terms of gap size between T onset and T *** stem bark extract yield was higher than that from the root bark,but both were within the recommended *** tannin content(61%)of *** stem bark extract was above recommended value(10%),whereas its total phenolic content and total flavonoic content were found to be above that of commercial Acacia mearnsii *** study of cross-linking parameters as a function of pH showed cross-linking to occur via a covalent mechanism at the basic amino ***,the bonds were not resistant to acid *** observed interaction mechanism indicated that tannins from stem and root barks of *** belong to the condensed tannin,similar to ***(black wattle),a commercial tannin source that was used in this study as a *** from this study depict that *** extracts are auspicious eco-friendly alternative source of vegetable tannins to overcome the use of chromium salts in the leather industry.

关键词： Tessmannia burttii Caesalpiniaceae Leather industry Vegetable tanning Tanning capacity

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Technical and technological constraints facing Tanzania leather value chain:a snapshot of intervention measures

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Journal of Leather Science and Engineering 2022年第1期4卷 287-298页

作者： cecilia rolence china rahel Elibariki Jamal Msami Stephen Mwombela Lugano Wilson Tanzania Industrial research and Development Organization P.O.Box 23235Dar es SalaamTanzania rEPOA 157 Mgombani Street Regent EstateP.O.Box 33223Dar es SalaamTanzania

The leather value chain starts with livestock, the key source of hides and skins, and the main raw materials for the industry. Despite having the second-largest livestock population in Africa, Tanzania is only the 11th largest exporter of leather on the continent, underlining the disproportionate contribution of the sector to the economy. This study presents the results of a recent assessment aimed at identifying performance bottlenecks in Tanzania’s leather sector. The assessment took place in October-December 2020 and involved 10 tanneries, 30 leather goods factories and 11 service providers/institutions. Findings reveal that 90% of tanneries are dissatisfied with the quality of hides and skins due to brand marks, flay cuts, skin diseases, and inadequate curing. These supply chain bottlenecks are further compounded by skill deficiencies among processors, poor waste management, and limited awareness about laws, policies and regulations governing trade in the sector. At the downstream end of the value chain, the trade in leather and related articles is facing competition from high importation of low-grade products like plastic shoes and second- hand products. This paper recommends that efforts to increase leather’s economic and trade value need to focus on upgrading Tanzania’s production, processing, branding and marketing capacities.

关键词： Leather value chain Hides and skins Constraints Interventions

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Using Statistical Downscaling to Quantify the GCM-related Uncertainty in regional Climate Change Scenarios: A Case Study of Swedish Precipitation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第1期23卷 54-60页

作者： Deliang CHEN Christine ACHBErGEr Jouni r■IS■NEN cecilia HELLSTrM Earth Sciences Centre Gothenburg UniversityGothenburgSweden Laboratory for Climate Studies/National Climate CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijingChina Earth Sciences Centre Gothenburg UniversityGothenburgSweden Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of HelsinkiFinland

There are a number of sources of uncertainty in regional climate change scenarios. When statistical downscaling is used to obtain regional climate change scenarios, the uncertainty may originate from the uncertainties in the global climate models used, the skill of the statistical model, and the forcing scenarios applied to the global climate model. The uncertainty associated with global climate models can be evaluated by examining the differences in the predictors and in the downscaled climate change scenarios based on a set of different global climate models. When standardized global climate model simulations such as the second phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project （CMIP2） are used, the difference in the downscaled variables mainly reflects differences in the climate models and the natural variability in the simulated climates. It is proposed that the spread of the estimates can be taken as a measure of the uncertainty associated with global climate models. The proposed method is applied to the estimation of global-climate-model-related uncertainty in regional precipitation change scenarios in Sweden. results from statistical downscaling based on 17 global climate models show that there is an overall increase in annual precipitation all over Sweden although a considerable spread of the changes in the precipitation exists. The general increase can be attributed to the increased large-scale precipitation and the enhanced westerly wind. The estimated uncertainty is nearly independent of region. However, there is a seasonal dependence. The estimates for winter show the highest level of confidence, while the estimates for summer show the least.

关键词： Statistical downscaling global climate model climate change scenario uncertainty

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Statistical Downscaling Based on Dynamically Downscaled Predictors: Application to Monthly Precipitation in Sweden

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2003年第6期20卷 951-958页

作者： cecilia HELLSTrOM Deliang CHEN EarthSciencesCentre GothenburgUniversityGothenburgSweden NationalClimateCenter ChinaMeteorologicalAdministrationBeijingChina

A prerequisite of a successful statistical downscaling is that large-scale predictors simulated by the General Circulation Model (GCM) must be realistic. It is assumed here that features smaller than the GCM resolution are important in determining the realism of the large-scale predictors. It is tested whether a three-step method can improve conventional one-step statistical downscaling. The method uses predictors that are upscaled from a dynamical downscaling instead of predictors taken directly from a GCM simulation. The method is applied to downscaling of monthly precipitation in Sweden. The statistical model used is a multiple regression model that uses indices of large-scale atmospheric circulation and 850-hPa specific humidity as predictors. Data from two GCMs (HadCM2 and ECHAM4) and two rCM experiments of the rossby Centre model (rCA1) driven by the GCMs are used. It is found that upscaled rCA1 predictors capture the seasonal cycle better than those from the GCMs, and hence increase the reliability of the downscaled precipitation. However, there are only slight improvements in the simulation of the seasonal cycle of downscaled precipitation. Due to the cost of the method and the limited improvements in the downscaling results, the three-step method is not justified to replace the one-step method for downscaling of Swedish precipitation.

关键词： downscaling multiple regression atmospheric circulation indices monthly precipitation Sweden

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Insights into the genetic architecture of congenital heart disease from animal modeling

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Zoological research 2023年第3期44卷 577-590页

作者： Wenjuan Zhu cecilia W.Lo The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SARChina Department of Developmental Biology University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA15201 USA Kunming Institute of Zoology-The Chinese University of Hong Kong(KIZ-CUHK)Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular research of Common Diseases Hong Kong SARChina

Congenital heart disease(CHD)is observed in up to 1%of live births and is one of the leading causes of mortality from birth *** hundreds of genes have been implicated in the genetic etiology of CHD,their role in CHD pathogenesis is still poorly *** is largely a reflection of the sporadic nature of CHD,as well as its variable expressivity and incomplete *** reviewed the monogenic causes and evidence for oligogenic etiology of CHD,as well as the role of de novo mutations,common variants,and genetic *** further mechanistic insight,we leveraged single-cell data across species to investigate the cellular expression characteristics of genes implicated in CHD in developing human and mouse embryonic *** the genetic etiology of CHD may enable the application of precision medicine and prenatal diagnosis,thereby facilitating early intervention to improve outcomes for patients with CHD.

关键词： Congenital heart disease Genetic modifier Single cell sequencing De novo mutation Protective variant Common copy number variant

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Locally enhanced electric field treatment (LEEFT) for water disinfection

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第5期14卷 25-36页

作者： Jianfeng Zhou Ting Wang cecilia Yu Xing Xie School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

Water disinfection is a critical step in water and wastewater *** most widely used chlorination suffers from the formation of carcinogenic disinfection by-products(DBPs)while alternative methods(e.g.,UV,O3,and membrane filtration)are limited by microbial regrowth,no residual disinfectant,and high operation ***,a nanowire-enabled disinfection method,locally enhanced electric field treatment(LEEFT),is introduced with advantages of no chemical addition,no DBP formation,low energy consumption,and efficient microbial *** to the lightning rod effect,the electric field near the tip area of the nanowires on the electrode is significantly enhanced to inactivate microbes,even though a small external voltage(usuallyreview,after emphasizing the significance of water disinfection,the theory of the LEEFT is ***,the recent development of the LEEFT technology on electrode materials and device configurations are *** disinfection performance is analyzed,with respect to the operating parameters,universality against different microorganisms,electrode durability,and energy *** studies on the inactivation mechanisms during the LEEFT are also ***,the challenges and future research of LEEFT disinfection are discussed.

关键词： Water treatment Nanotechnology Pathogen inactivation Electroporation Nanowire Chemical-free

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Effectiveness of music intervention on cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly with dementia:a meta-analysis

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Frontiers of Nursing 2022年第2期9卷 143-153页

作者： cecilia Wong TT Division of Nursing Education School of Continuing EducationHong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina

Dementia is increasing dramatically with an increasing elderly *** interventions are proven to have limited efficacy to treat many of the features of *** such a situation,non-pharmacological means become important to help people with dementia,especially music *** efficacy of music intervention on cognition has been barely explored in the literature,and the few studies that are available present inconsistent *** aim of this systematic review is to have a meta-analysis on the effect of music therapy for improvements in cognitive functions as well as neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly with dementia.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease cognitive function dementia music therapy neuropsychiatric symptoms

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An Elevator Button recognition Method Combining YOLOv5 and OCr

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 117-131页

作者： Xinliang Tang Caixing Wang Jingfang Su cecilia Taylor School of Information Science and Engineering Hebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang050000China Nankai-Birmingham Institute of Data Science Intelligence BirminghamB100ABBritain

Fast recognition of elevator buttons is a key step for service robots toride elevators automatically. Although there are some studies in this field, noneof them can achieve real-time application due to problems such as recognitionspeed and algorithm complexity. Elevator button recognition is a comprehensiveproblem. Not only does it need to detect the position of multiple buttonsat the same time, but also needs to accurately identify the characters on eachbutton. The latest version 5 of you only look once algorithm (YOLOv5) hasthe fastest reasoning speed and can be used for detecting multiple objects inreal-time. The advantages ofYOLOv5 make it an ideal choice for detecting theposition of multiple buttons in an elevator, but it’s not good at specific wordrecognition. Optical character recognition (OCr) is a well-known techniquefor character recognition. This paper innovatively improved the YOLOv5network, integrated OCr technology, and applied them to the elevator buttonrecognition process. First, we changed the detection scale in the YOLOv5network and only maintained the detection scales of 40 ∗ 40 and 80 ∗ 80, thusimproving the overall object detection speed. Then, we put a modified OCrbranch after the YOLOv5 network to identify the numbers on the ***, we verified this method on different datasets and compared it withother typical methods. The results show that the average recall and precisionof this method are 81.2% and 92.4%. Compared with others, the accuracyof this method has reached a very high level, but the recognition speed hasreached 0.056 s, which is far higher than other methods.

关键词： Button recognition deep learning multi-object detection

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Machine learning and tectonic setting determination:Bridging the gap between Earth scientists and data scientists

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第1期15卷 339-353页

作者： Pratchaya Takaew Jianhong cecilia Xia Luc S.Doucet Department of Spatial Sciences School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin University6845 PerthWAAustralia Earth Dynamics research Group School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin University6845 PerthWAAustralia State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral resources China University of GeosciencesWuhanHubei 430074China

Technological progress and the rapid increase in geochemical data often create bottlenecks in many studies,because current methods are designed using limited number of data and cannot handle large *** geoscience,tectonic discrimination illustrates this issue,using geochemical analyses to define tectonic settings when most of the geological record is missing,which is the case for most of the older portion of the Earth’s *** are the primary target for tectonic discrimination because they are volcanic rocks found within all tectonic settings,and their chemical compositions can be an effective way to understand tectonics-related mantle ***,the classical geochemical discriminant methods have limitations as they are based on a limited number of 2 or 3-dimensional diagrams and need successive and subjective steps that often offers non-unique ***,weathering,erosion,and orogenic processes can modify the chemical composition of basalts and eliminate or obscure other complementary geotectonic *** address those limitations,supervised machine learning techniques(a part of artificial intelligence)are being utilized more often as a tool to analyze multidimensional datasets and statistically process data to tackle big data *** contribution starts by reviewing the current state of tectonic discrimination methods using supervised machine *** learning,especially Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)is the most accurate ***,it requires a large dataset and considerable processing time,and the gain of accuracy can be at the expense of ***,this study designed guidelines for data pre-processing,tectonic setting classification and objectively evaluating the model *** also identify research gaps and propose potential directions for the application of supervised machine learning to tectonic discrimination research,aimed at closing the divide between earth scientists and data scie

关键词： Machine learning Artificial intelligence Geochemistry Igneous petrology Basalts Tectonic settings

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Non-breeding movements of the Black-tailed Gull(Larus crassirostris)

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Avian research 2023年第2期14卷 206-214页

作者： Huan Xia cecilia Nilsson Kasper Thorup Chenxi Jia Fumin Lei Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Center for Macroecology Evolution and ClimateGlobe InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenDK-2100CopenhagenDenmark Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650223China

With the continued development of tracking technology and increasing interest in animal movement,our understanding of migration behavior has become more ***,there are still many species that have not been well studied,particularly sea ***,we present the first year-round Global Positioning System(GPS)tracking data of the Black-tailed Gull(Larus crassirostris)at the population *** used solar-powered GPS-Global System for Mobile communication(GSM)loggers to successfully track 30 individuals breeding at Xingrentuo Islet,Liaoning Province,china,for 1-3 *** for one individual who roamed in the far north of the Yellow Sea during non-breeding period,all others did a directed southward *** routes and wintering sites differed among migrating gulls and between years for the birds tracked for two or more ***,during wintering,the migrating gulls were more likely to travel over a large body of water and shift sites,and some trajectories were quite complex,which was probably closely related to what we observed in the field about their boat-chasing *** to wintering movements,the post-breeding movements ranged over a smaller ***,almost all of them had a long post-breeding period near the breeding islet(≥120days,rom the breeding islet),and 80%of the gulls who were tracked more than one year had at least one faithful post-breeding *** to the post-breeding period,only approximately half of the migrating gulls had a pre-breeding period that was shorter(3-20 days)and closer to the breeding islet(≤80 km).Migration distance varied among migrating gulls(range 209-2405 km)and the gulls moved least distance during postbreeding ***,we found that the southward movement of the migrating gulls occurred when the temperature near the breeding islet dropped;specifically,the gulls directly migrated southward away from the post-breeding *** results suggest that the B

关键词： Black-tailed Gull GPS tracking Larus crassirostris Migration Post-breeding Pre-breeding Sea bird Wintering

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