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Detection of the Production of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Carbapenemase, New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase and Oxacillinase-48-Type Carbapenemases by Gram-Negative Bacilli in Resource-Limited Setting

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Advances in Microbiology 2021年第10期11卷 579-590页

作者： cecile okalla ebongue Gabin Gaël Simo Jean Pierre Nda Mefo’o Grace Dalle Ngondi Emmanuel Roddy Mengue Guy Pascal Ngaba Dieudonne Adiogo Laboratory of Clinical Biology General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences Douala Cameroon Laboratory Unit Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon Laboratory Unit Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Douala Cameroon

Background: The increasing resistance of bacteria to various antibiotics is a worldwide public health issue. Carbapenems that have elicited great hope in treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant germs have seen their efficacy narrowed over time with the emergence of other novel resistance mechanisms, notably the production of Carbapenemases. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to May 2018 in Douala (Cameroon) to detect carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli. Isolated strains were identified using the Vitek2TM system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on agar plates with 20 selected commercially available antibiotic discs. The bacterial strains were tested for the production of three Carbapenemases (OXA-48, NDM, KPC), using an immuno-chromatographic technique, with the “RESIST-3 O.K.N. K-SeT” rapid detection kit. Results: During the study period, 1687 strains of Gram-negative bacilli were isolated in selected laboratories with a total of 200 multi-resistant strains identified (11.9%). Among the multi-resistant strains, E. coli was the species most represented in Enterobacteriaceae (27.5%) followed by K. pneumoniae (15.5%) and the non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli were predominantly P. aeruginosa (20.5%). These strains mainly came from urine and pus, i.e. 41% and 32% respectively. Thirty-two (16%) strains produced one of the Carbapenemases with a higher frequency at the General Hospital (84%). NDM-type carbapenemase was the most frequently identified (8.5%), OXA-48 type 7.5%, and no KPC production was observed. Among the Enterobacteriaceae 22.9% produced Carbapenemases and only 5.1% of the non-fermenting bacilli produced these enzymes. The isolates strains were completely resistant to all antibiotics except Amikacin and Fosfomycin. The strains producing the NDM-type carbapenemase

关键词： Carbapenemases Gram-Negative Bacilli Multidrug-Resistance Cameroon

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Profiling and Determinants of Impaired Lipid Profile Parameters among Breast Cancer Women of Childbearing Age Living in Douala, Cameroon

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第5期11卷 193-211页

作者： Idriss Ntatou Lemouchele Suzi Pascale Mbougang Esther Dina Bell Loick Pradel Kojom Foko Eric Fouelifack Nzeko cecile okalla ebongue Jean Pierre Nda Mefo’o Martin Luther Koanga Mogtomo Rosalie Anne Ngono Ngane Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science The University of Douala Douala Cameroon Depatment of Biological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Douala Douala Cameroon General Hospital Douala Douala Cameroon Depatment of Animal Organisms Faculty of Science The University of Douala Douala Cameroon

Objective: Breast cancer in women of childbearing age (WCBA) is a major public health concern. This study aimed to determine variation and determinants in lipid profile among Cameroonian WCBA diagnosed with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A case-control study took place at two reference hospitals in Douala, Cameroon. A total of 176 WCBA (88 cases and 88 controls) were finally enrolled. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic, behavioural, clinical and anthropometric data. Three millilitres of venous blood were collected for analysis of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and triglycerides (TG). Results: Overweight was predominantly seen in cases and controls. Serum levels of TC and LDL-c were significantly lower in cancer women (167.02 ± 45.46 vs 183.12 ± 27.38 mg/dL, p = 0.005 for TC;85.83 ± 40.34 vs 105.25 ± 29.95 mg/dL, p = 0.0004 for LDL-c), while HDL-c levels were higher in controls (45.09 ± 7.20 vs 38.24 ± 11.14 mg/dL, p Conclusion: This study suggests the influence of breast cancer on lipid profile parameters especially HDL-c and LDL-c, and possibly their putative clinical utility for early diagnosis in premenopausal women in Cameroon.

关键词： Breast Cancer Women of Childbearing Age Lipoprotein Impairment Determinants Cameroon

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Paediatric Mortality: Aetiologies and Predictors among Children Aged 1 Month to 15 Years in a Tertiary Hospital in Douala, Cameroon

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第3期11卷 360-378页

作者： Daniele Kedy Koum Calixte Ida Penda Laurent Mireille Endale Henri Essome Christiana Mpongo Moukongo Loick Pradel Kojom Foko cecile okalla ebongue Diomede Noukeu Dominique Enyama Charlotte Eposse Mbono Rhita Patricia Epée Eboumbou Emile Telesphore Mboudou Paul Koki Ndombo Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Pediatrics Douala Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Douala Cameroon Deido District Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Gynecology Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Animal Organism Biology Faculty of Science The University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Biology Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Gynecology Douala Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaoundé Cameroon Chantal Biya Foundation Mother-Child Centre Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: Children and adolescent mortality remains a public health concern in developing countries. This study aimed to describe risk factors and aetiologies of mortality among children and young adolescents at a tertiary hospital in the town of Douala, Cameroon. Methods: We carried out a retrospective cohort study from January 1st to May 31st, 2019 among deceased patients aged 1 month to 15 years admitted to the paediatric ward of the Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital. Data of interest were collected and analysed. Results: Out of 3088 children admitted, 123 death cases were recorded. The overall hospital mortality rate was 3.98%. Females accounted for 51% of the deceased patients. Fever was the main reason for consultation. Severe malaria was the most common diagnosis. In univariate logistic regression analysis, factors associated with mortality included hyperthermia (OR = 0.24;95% CI 0.80 - 1.33;p = 0.012), coma/impaired consciousness (OR = 0.30;95% CI 0.10

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Stachytarpheta cayennensis Aqueous Extract,a New Bioreactor towards Silver Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

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Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2019年第2期10卷 102-119页

作者： Francois Eya’ane Meva Joel Olivier Avom Mbeng cecile okalla ebongue Carsten Schlusener Ulku Kokcam-Demir Agnes Antoinette Ntoumba Phillipe Belle Ebanda Kedi Etienne Elanga Evrard-Rudy Njike Loudang Moise Henri Julien Nko’o Edmond Tchoumbi Vandi Deli Christian Chick Nanga Emmanuel Albert Mpondo Mpondo Christoph Janiak Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of DoualaDoualaCameroon Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Structural Chemistry Heinrich-Heine-University DusseldorfDusseldorfGermany Clinical Biology Laboratory General Hospital of DoualaDoualaCameroon Department of Animal Biology and Physiology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DoualaDoualaCameroon

This study reports the preparation and characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized by the mediation of the plant weed Stachytarpheta cayennensis through solution method. Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) determines the presence of nanoparticles in the solution. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) proves organic molecules at the particles interface. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) provides phase composition and crystallinity. Shape was showed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) demonstrated the elemental mapping of the silver nanoparticles. Hydrogen peroxide scavenging and phosphomolybdenum antioxidant assays, egg albumin denaturation anti-inflammation study, and the formation mechanism complete the study. The particles have been found composed of pure silver Ag and silver chloride AgCl nanocrystallites. The average crystallite sizes were found to be 13 nm and 20 nm for Ag and AgCl respectively. A Rietveld refinement based XRD pattern data followed by Williamson-Hall plot allows a size and strain analysis. Based on SEM, spherical agglomerates materials were formed and EDX proved the presence of Cl- ions. The reaction formation mechanism of Ag and AgCl is proposed to be simultaneous and competitive. The silver nanoparticles moderately inhibit the denaturation of egg albumin and exhibit antioxidant action;hence, the nanoparticles could be considered as a potential source for biomedical applications.

关键词： Silver Nanoparticles Stachytarpheta cayennensis Size and Strain Anti-Oxidant Anti-Inflammation

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Microbial Ecology and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Germs Isolated from Hospital Surfaces and Medical Devices in a Reference Hospital in Douala (Cameroon)

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Advances in Microbiology 2018年第2期8卷 125-137页

作者： Cécile okalla ebongue Chanceline Mayoudom Nguatcheussi Jean-Pierre Nda Mefo’o Joss Bollanga Dieudonné Adiogo Henry Namme Luma Laboratory of Clinical Biology General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Committee for Hygiene and the Fight against Nosocomial Infections General Hospital Douala Cameroon

Background: The hospital environment is largely contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. This colonization is a threat for hospitalized patients, especially in high-risk services. The purpose of this study was to identify the germs found on surfaces and medical devices in some departments of the General Hospital of Douala, and to establish their susceptibility profile to most commonly used antibiotics in this health facility. Results: We collected 114 surface and medical device samples, and seeded different culture media for Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. Of the total samples, 108 were positive and 137 bacterial strains were isolated. The colony count revealed a high rate of contamination. Enterobacter cloacae was the most represented specie (53.3%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.6%). Various coagulase-negative Staphylococci have been isolated in some departments, as well as Cryptococcus laurentii and molds. The isolated strains showed low susceptibility to the antibiotics tested. Enterobacter cloacae showed low susceptibility for all tested molecules, except for carbapenems with rates ranging from 82% to over 94% in Maternity, Intensive Care and Neonatology units. The strains coming from the Haematology Protected Ward were resistant to all antibiotics, except fluoroquinolones with a susceptibility rate of 50% for ofloxacin. Conclusion: The hospital surfaces and medical devices are highly contaminated by environmental bacteria, with low susceptibility rates to antibiotics. Microbiological controls of the environment should be regular in critical areas in order to reinforce measures to prevent diffusion of multi-resistant bacteria.

关键词： Microbial Ecology Hospital Environment Susceptibility to Antibiotics Douala

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Factors Associated with Haemolytic Anaemia in the Internal Medicine Department of the Douala General Hospital in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2023年第2期13卷 83-91页

作者： Eveline Ngouadjeu Dongho Brice Utrich Afana Clémence Olemba Jean Pierre Nda Mefo’o Cécile ebongue okalla Abdou Temfomo Jules Clement Nguedia Assob Henry Namme Luma Department of Internal Medicine Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Microbiology Virology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé 1 Yaounde Cameroon

Introduction: Haemolytic anaemia (HA) is defined as a decrease in haemoglobin (Hb) levels below baseline due to excessive and premature destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) in the periphery resulting in a shortened life span of less than 120 days. Haemolysis can be corpuscular or extra-corpuscular. The aim of our study was to investigate the factors associated with it for optimal management of patients hospitalised in internal medicine at the Douala General Hospital (DGH). Methodology: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study, including all patients admitted to the internal medicine department of the DGH from 11 February to 20 May 2022, and excluding patients with non-compliant samples. The search for haemolytic anaemia was carried out by means of blood count, reticulocyte count, blood smear, unconjugated bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase and direct Coombs test. Sociodemographic, clinical and biological parameters were collected and analysed. Correlation was defined for a p value 0.05. Results: This study included 147 patients, 50.34% of whom were men, for a sex ratio of 1.01. The mean age was 52 ± 17.9 years. The most represented age group was 56 - 70 years (n = 49;33%) with extremes from 15 to 90 years. We counted 29.3% cases of haemolytic anaemia (HA) and 13.9% cases of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA). Haemolytic anaemia (HA) was present in 54.14% of men for a sex ratio of 1.38;the most represented age group was 40 - 55 years, 37.2%. HA was associated with jaundice (OR: 3.74, CI: [1.70 - 8.22], p = 0.001), HIV - AIDS (OR: 2.72, CI: [0.98 - 7.53], p = 0.05), thrombocytopaenia (OR: 3.53, CI: [1.58 - 7.89], p = 0.02). LDH was elevated (OR: 2.86, CI: [1.30 - 6.26], p = 0.00) as well as elevated reticulocyte count (OR: 3.84, CI: [1.75 - 8.44], p = 0.01). Unconjugated bilirubin was elevated in all these patients. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with HA were a history of HIV/AIDS, jaundice, thrombocytopaenia and elevated reticulocyte count. Con

关键词： Haemolytic Anaemia Internal Medicine DGH

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Antibiotics Susceptibility Profile of Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates Collected in Hospitals in the City of Douala (Cameroon)

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第8期10卷 188-200页

作者： Jean Pierre Nda Mefo’o Yanne Sabekob Grace Dalle Ngondi Emmanuel Roddy Mengue Elodie Ngo Malabo Nancy Handa Guy Pascal Ngaba Dieudonné Adiogo Cécile okalla ebongue Laboratory of Clinical Biology Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Laboratory Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences Kansas City MO USA Laboratory Unit of the Gyneco-Obstetric Douala Pediatric Hospital Douala Cameroon

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important agents involved in community and hospital-acquired infections. Due to the multi-drug resistance of strains to antibiotics, treatment to eradicate it is becoming more difficult and poses a global public health problem. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from March to August 2020 in hospitals in the city of Douala, including all S. aureus isolates from diagnostic samples. Strain identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using the Vitek2 CompactTM (BioMerieux). Results: During the study period, 136 non-repetitive S. aureus strains were identified with a high frequency of methicillin-resistant S. aureus of 78.7%. The majority of the strains originated from the Douala General Hospital (66.9%) and was most frequently isolated from blood culture samples (55.1%). The study of biochemical characteristics showed that most of the strains identified had between 87% and 99% homology with the reference strain. The most active antibiotics were Quinupristin/Dalfopristin (94.2%), Linezolid (87.8%) and Vancomycin (84.2%). Methicillin resistance was associated with decreased susceptibility of S. aureus to other antibiotics such as Gentamycin (44.9%), Erythromycin (38.2%), Tetracycline (38.3%), Trimethoprim (21.4%), Ciprofloxacin (19.1%) and Levofloxacin (24.0%). Inducible MLSb and constitutive resistance phenotypes were identified with 26.7% and 22.8% respectively. Conclusion: The sensitivity of S. aureus strains differs from one antibiotic family to another, and remains good for molecules that are not available in our context. The high frequency of Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus shows the continuous progression of multi-resistant strains of S. aureus and their decreased sensitivity to usual antibiotics becomes more and more alarming.

关键词： Staphylococcus aureus Multidrug Resistance MRSA Douala

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Antibiotics Resistance of Urogenital Mycoplasma in Sexually Active Women Attending Gynecologic Consultation in Douala (Cameroon)

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Advances in Microbiology 2023年第12期13卷 559-570页

作者： Jean Pierre Nda Mefo’o Rosa Fetue Notio Fulbert Mangala Nkwele Grace Dalle Ngondi Emmanuel Roddy Mengue Elodie Ngo Malabo Charlotte Tchente Nguefack Cécile okalla ebongue Théophile Nana Njamen Laboratory of Clinical Biology Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Surgery and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Douala Douala Cameroon Mother and Child Department Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Introduction: Mycoplasmas are bacteria commonly found in the commensal flora of humans and can occasionally be pathogenic. The population and the geographical area determine their susceptibility to various antibiotics. Methodology: We carried out a cross-sectional study from January to June 2022 at the Douala General Hospital. All women who were sexually active and willing to participate were included. Endo-cervical swabbing was used to collect the samples. Culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed in a liquid medium using Mycoplasma-SystemPlus Gallery (Liofilchem). All samples that degraded urea (threshold > 103 for Ureaplasma urealyticum) and arginine (threshold > 104 for Mycoplasma hominis) were deemed positive. Results: A total of 107 women with a median age of 33 ± 8.3 years and a predominance of 30-40 years (41.1%) were included. The frequency of mycoplasma infection was 73.8% with 34.1%, 11.4% and 54.4% for Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and co-infection respectively. Resistance rates to Minocycline were low, 1.3% for Ureaplasma urealyticum and 3.7% for co-infection;for Pefloxacin the resistance rates were 3.7% (Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis) and 22.8% (co-infection). Ureaplasma urealyticum had a resistance rate of 3.7% for Erythromycin, 1.3% for Clarithromycin and 5% for Azithromycin. There was no significant correlation between risk factors and infection. Vaginal cleansing and the development of resistance in mycoplasma infection were found to be significantly correlated (OR = 6.915 [1.52 - 31.55];(p = 0.013)). Conclusion: Minocycline was the most active antibiotic and Ureaplasma urealyticum was the species with the lowest rate of resistance. Antibiotic resistance was more common in co-infected people than mono-infected. Antibiotic resistance was independently correlated with vaginal douching.

关键词： Urogenital Mycoplasma Sexually Active Women Douala Cameroon

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