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A Malvaceae mystery: A mallow maelstrom of genome multiplications and maybe misleading methods?

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第1期61卷 12-31页

作者： Justin L.Conover Nisa Karimi Noah Stenz cecile ane Corrinne E.Grover Cynthia Skema Jennifer A.Tate Kirsten Wolff Samuel A.Logan Jonathan F.Wendel David A.Baum Department of Ecology Evolutionand Organismal BiologyIowa State University Department of Botany University of Wisconsin Madison Department of Statistics University of Wisconsin Madison Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania Institute of Fundamental Sciences Massey University School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Wisconsin Institute for Discovery

Previous research suggests that Gossypium has undergone a 5-to 6-fold multiplication following its divergence from Theobroma. However, the number of events, or where they occurred in the Malvaceae phylogeny remains unknown. We analyzed transcriptomic and genomic data from representatives of eight of the nine Malvaceae subfamilies. Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear data placed Dombeya(Dombeyoideae) as sister to the rest of Malvadendrina clade, but the plastid DNA tree strongly supported Durio(Helicteroideae) in this position. Intraspecific Ks plots indicated that all sampled taxa, except Theobroma(Byttnerioideae), Corchorus(Grewioideae), and Dombeya(Dombeyoideae), have experienced whole genome multiplications(WGMs). Quartet analysis suggested WGMs were shared by Malvoideae-Bombacoideae and Sterculioideae-Tilioideae, but did not resolve whether these are shared with each other or Helicteroideae(Durio).Gene tree reconciliation and Bayesian concordance analysis suggested a complex history. Alternative hypotheses are suggested, each involving two independent autotetraploid and one allopolyploid event. They differ in that one entails an allopolyploid origin for the Durio lineage,whereas the other invokes an allopolyploid origin for Malvoideae-Bombacoideae. We highlight the need for more genomic information in the Malvaceae and improved methods to resolve complex evolutionary histories that may include allopolyploidy, incomplete lineage sorting, and variable rates of gene and genome evolution.

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Stachytarpheta cayennensis Aqueous Extract,a New Bioreactor towards Silver Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

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Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2019年第2期10卷 102-119页

作者： Francois Eya’ane Meva Joel Olivier Avom Mbeng cecile Okalla Ebongue Carsten Schlusener Ulku Kokcam-Demir Agnes Antoinette Ntoumba Phillipe Belle Ebanda Kedi Etienne Elanga Evrard-Rudy Njike Loudang Moise Henri Julien Nko’o Edmond Tchoumbi Vandi Deli Christian Chick Nanga Emmanuel Albert Mpondo Mpondo Christoph Janiak Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of DoualaDoualaCameroon Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Structural Chemistry Heinrich-Heine-University DusseldorfDusseldorfGermany Clinical Biology Laboratory General Hospital of DoualaDoualaCameroon Department of Animal Biology and Physiology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DoualaDoualaCameroon

This study reports the preparation and characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized by the mediation of the plant weed Stachytarpheta cayennensis through solution method. Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) determines the presence of nanoparticles in the solution. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) proves organic molecules at the particles interface. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) provides phase composition and crystallinity. Shape was showed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) demonstrated the elemental mapping of the silver nanoparticles. Hydrogen peroxide scavenging and phosphomolybdenum antioxidant assays, egg albumin denaturation anti-inflammation study, and the formation mechanism complete the study. The particles have been found composed of pure silver Ag and silver chloride AgCl nanocrystallites. The average crystallite sizes were found to be 13 nm and 20 nm for Ag and AgCl respectively. A Rietveld refinement based XRD pattern data followed by Williamson-Hall plot allows a size and strain analysis. Based on SEM, spherical agglomerates materials were formed and EDX proved the presence of Cl- ions. The reaction formation mechanism of Ag and AgCl is proposed to be simultaneous and competitive. The silver nanoparticles moderately inhibit the denaturation of egg albumin and exhibit antioxidant action;hence, the nanoparticles could be considered as a potential source for biomedical applications.

关键词： Silver Nanoparticles Stachytarpheta cayennensis Size and Strain Anti-Oxidant Anti-Inflammation

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