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Next-Generation Plant Metabolic Engineering, Inspired by an Ancient Chinese Irrigation System

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Molecular Plant 2018年第1期11卷 47-57页

作者： Rao Fu cathie martin Yang Zhang Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China Department of Metabolic Biology John Innes Centre Norwich NR4 7UH UK

Specialized secondary metabolites serve not only to protect plants against abiotic and biotic challenges, but have also been used extensively by humans to combat diseases. Due to the great importance of medicinal plants for health, we need to find new and sustainable ways to improve the production of the specialized metabolites. In addition to direct extraction, recent progress in metabolic engineering of plants offers an alternative supply option. We argue that metabolic engineering for producing the second- ary metabolites in plants may have distinct advantages over microbial production platforms, and thus pro- pose new approaches of plant metabolic engineering, which are inspired by an ancient Chinese irrigation system. Metabolic engineering strategies work at three levels： introducing biosynthetic genes, using tran- scription factors, and improving metabolic flux including increasing the supply of precursors, energy, and reducing power. In addition, recent progress in biotechnology contributes markedly to better engineering, such as the use of specific promoters and the deletion of competing branch pathways. We propose that next-generation plant metabolic engineering will improve current engineering strategies, for the purpose of producing valuable metabolites in plants on industrial scales.

关键词： plant metabolic engineering secondary metabolites specialized metabolites transcription factor flux control multi-level engineering

RNA-seq reveals mechanisms of SlMX1 for enhanced carotenoids and terpenoids accumulation along with stress resistance in tomato

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Science Bulletin 2017年第7期62卷 476-485页

作者： Mohamed Ewas Yangqiang Gao Farhan Ali Elsayed M. Nishawy Raheel Shahzad Hizar Subthain Mohamed Amar cathie martin Jie Luo National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan) College of Life Sdence and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China Egyptian Deserts Gene Bank (EDGB) Genetic Resources Department Cairo Egypt Deserts Research Center (DRC) Cairo Egypt John lnnes Centre Norwich Research Park Colney Norwich NR4 7UH UK

Improving nutritional fruit quality and impacts important agro-traits such as biotic or abiotic stresses are extremely important for human *** previous study reported that manipulation of Sl MX1 gene enhanced carotenoids accumulation and drought resistance in ***,RNA-Seq analysis proved to be a very useful tool to provide insights into the regulatory mechanisms of Sl MX1 involved in stress resistance and enhanced secondary *** analysis showed that overexpression of Sl MX1 results in substantially increased broad-spectrum tolerance to a wide-range of abiotic and biotic(fungus,bacteria,virus and insects) stresses in *** research appears to be of remarkable interest because enhanced terpenoids content has been achieved by increasing trichome *** addition,we reported two types of trichome which seems to be aberrant types in *** study unravels the mechanism of regulation of Sl MX1,which simultaneously modulates resistance and metabolic processes through regulating key structural and regulatory genes of the corresponding pathways.

关键词： Tomato SlMX1 Resistance Carotenoids Terpenoids Mechanism RNA Seq

SbMYB3 transcription factor promotes root-specific f lavone biosynthesis in Scutellaria baicalensis

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Horticulture Research 2023年第2期10卷 160-169页

作者： Yumin Fang Jie Liu Minmin Zheng Sanming Zhu Tianlin Pei Mengying Cui Lijing Chang Hanwen Xiao Jun Yang cathie martin Qing Zhao Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources Shanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghai201602China State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian271000China John Innes Centre Norwich NR47UHUK

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi produces abundant root-specific f lavones(RSFs),which provide various benefits to human *** have elucidated the complete biosynthetic pathways of baicalein and ***,the transcriptional regulation of f lavone biosynthesis in *** remains *** show that the SbMYB3 transcription factor functions as a transcriptional activator involved in the biosynthesis of RSFs in *** one-hybrid and transcriptional activation assays showed that SbMYB3 binds to the promoter of flavone synthase II-2(SbFNSII-2)and enhances its *** *** hairy roots,RNAi of SbMYB3 reduced the accumulation of baicalin and wogonoside,and SbMYB3 knockout decreased the biosynthesis of baicalein,baicalin,wogonin,and wogonoside,whereas SbMYB3 overexpression enhanced the contents of baicalein,baicalin,wogonin,and *** profiling by qRT–PCR demonstrated that SbMYB3 activates SbFNSII-2 expression directly,thus leading to more abundant accumulation of *** study provides a potential target for metabolic engineering of RSFs.

关键词： abundant von specific

Manipulation of SlMXl for enhanced carotenoids accumulation and drought resistance in tomato

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Science Bulletin 2016年第18期61卷 1413-1418页

作者： Mohamed Ewas Yanqiang Gao Shouchuang Wang Xianqing Liu Hongyan Zhang Elsayed M. E. Nishawy Farhan Aii Raheel Shahzad Khurram Ziaf Hizar Subthain cathie martin Jie Luo National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement andNational Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan) Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology Ministry of Education Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070China John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park Colney Norwich NR4 7UH UK

Plants are the ultimate source of nutrients in the human diet. To ensure adequate availability of high quality food for an increasing world population, traits including improved tolerance of stresses and nutrient levels need to be selected in crops, both individually and in combination. Here we report the identification of SIMX1 encoding a MIXTA-like MYB transcription factor in tomato that simultaneously modulates drought resistance and metabolic processes through regulating key structural and regulatory genes of the corre- sponding pathways. Over-expression of SIMX1 results in substantially increased drought tolerance and improved fruit quality, while knocking down SIMX1 resulted in the opposite phenotypes. Our study indicates an effective way with multiplebeneficial traits by genetic engineering of a single regulatory gene and can be a novel approach to breeding crops.

关键词： Tomato Trichome SlMXI . Abioticstress Nutrient level

Two CYP82D Enzymes Function as Flavone Hydroxylases in the Biosynthesis of Root-Specific 4＇-Deoxyflavones in Scutellaria baicalensis

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Molecular Plant 2018年第1期11卷 135-148页

作者： Qing Zhao Meng-Ying Cui Olesya Levsh Dongfeng Yang Jie Liu Jie Li Lionel Hill Lei Yang Yonghong Hu Jing-Ke Weng Xiao-Ya Chen cathie martin Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China Department of Metabolic Biology John Innes Centre Norwich NR4 7UH UK Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research 455 Main Street Cambridge MA 02142 USA Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA College of Life Sciences Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310018 China State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China These authors contributed equally to this article.

Baicalein, wogonin, and their glycosides are major bioactive compounds found in the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. These flavones can induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines but have no effect on normal cells. Furthermore, they have many additional benefits for human health, such as antioxidant, antiviral, and liver-protective properties. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of two CYP450 enzymes, SbCYP82D1.1 and SbCYP82D2, which function as the flavone 6-hydroxylase （F6H） and flavone 8-hydroxylase （F8H）, respectively, in S. baicalensis. SbCYP82D1.1 has broad substrate speci- ficity for flavones such as chrysin and apigenin and is responsible for biosynthesis of baicalein and scutel- larein in roots and aerial parts of S. baicalensis, respectively. When the expression of SbCYP82D1.1 is knocked down, baicalin and baicalein levels are reduced significantly while chrysin glycosides accumulate in hairy roots. SbCYP82D2 is an F8H with high substrate specificity, accepting only chrysin as its substrate to produce norwogonin, although minor 6-hydroxylation activity can also be detected. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that SbCYP82D2 might have evolved from SbCYP82D1.1 via gene duplication followed by neofunctionalization, whereby the ancestral F6H activity is partially retained in the derived SbCYP82D2.

关键词： Scutellaria baicalensis Huangqin baicalein wogonin flavone 6-hydroxylase flavone 8-hydroxylase

The genomes of medicinal skullcaps reveal the polyphyletic origins of clerodane diterpene biosynthesis in the family Lamiaceae

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Molecular Plant 2023年第3期16卷 549-570页

作者： Haixiu Li Song Wu Ruoxi Lin Yiren Xiao Ana Luisa Malaco Morotti Ya Wang Meytal Galilee Haowen Qin Tao Huang Yong Zhao Xun Zhou Jun Yang Qing Zhao Angelos K.Kanellis cathie martin Evangelos C.Tatsis National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Novogene Bioinformatics Institute BeijingChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources Shanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research CenterChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201602 Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants Lab.of PharmacognosyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesAristotle University of Thessaloniki54124 ThessalonikiGreece John Innes Centre Norwich NR47UHUK CEPAMS-CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences Shanghai 200032China

The presence of anticancer clerodane diterpenoids is a chemotaxonomic marker for the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Scutellaria barbata,although the molecular mechanisms behind clerodane biosynthesis are ***,we report a high-quality assembly of the 414.98 Mb genome of *** into 13 *** phylogenomic and biochemical data,we mapped the plastidial metabolism of kaurene(gibberellins),abietane,and clerodane diterpenes in three species of the family Lamiaceae(Scutellaria barbata,Scutellaria baicalensis,and Salvia splendens),facilitating the identification of genes involved in the biosynthesis of the clerodanes,kolavenol,and *** show that clerodane biosynthesis evolved through recruitment and neofunctionalization of genes from gibberellin and abietane *** the assumed monophyletic origin of clerodane biosynthesis,which is widespread in species of the Lamiaceae,our data show distinct evolutionary lineages and suggest polyphyletic origins of clerodane biosynthesis in the family *** study not only provides significant insights into the evolution of clerodane biosynthetic pathways in the mint family,Lamiaceae,but also will facilitate the production of anticancer clerodanes through future metabolic engineering efforts.

关键词： Scutellaria barbata genome clerodane diterpenoids biosynthesis specialized metabolism evolution

The Reference Genome Sequence of Scutellaria baicalensis Provides Insights into the Evolution of Wogonin Biosynthesis

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Molecular Plant 2019年第7期12卷 935-950页

作者： Qing Zhao Jun Yang Meng-Ying Cui Jie Liu Yumin Fang Mengxiao Yan Wenqing Qiu Huiwen Shang Zhicheng Xu Reheman Yidiresi Jing-Ke Weng Tomas Pluskal Marielle Vigouroux Burkhard Steuernagel Yukun Wei Lei Yang Yonghong Hu Xiao-Ya Chen cathie martin Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China Novogene Bioinformatics Institute Beijing China Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research 455 Main Street Cambridge MA 02142 USA Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA John Innes Centre Norwich NR4 7UH UK

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is important in Chinese traditional medicine where preparations of dried roots,"Huang Qin," are used for liver and lung complaints and as complementary cancer treatments. We report a high-quality reference genome sequence for S. baicalensis where 93% of the 408.14-Mb genome has been assembled into nine pseudochromosomes with a super-N50 of 33.2 Mb. Comparison of this sequence with those of closely related species in the order Lamiales, sesamum indicum and Salvia splendens,revealed that a specialized metabolic pathway for the synthesis of 4'-deoxyflavone bioactives evolved in the genus Scu-tellaria. We found that the gene encoding a specific cinnamate coenzyme A ligase likely obtained its newfunc- tion following recent mutations, and that four genes encoding enzymes in the 4'-deoxyflavone pathway are present as tandem repeats in the genome of S. baicalensis. Further analyses revealed that gene duplications, segmental duplication, gene amplification, and point mutations coupled to gene neo- and subfunctionaliza-tions were involved in the evolution of 4'-deoxyflavone synthesis in the genus Scutellaria. Our study not only provides significant insight into the evolution of specific flavone biosynthetic pathways in the mint family, Lamiaceae, but also will facilitate the development of tools for enhancing bioactive productivity by metabolic engineering in microbes or by molecular breeding in plants. The reference genome of S. baicalensis is also useful for improving the genome assemblies for other members of the mint family and offers an important foundation for decoding the synthetic pathways of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants.

关键词： genome skullcap 4’-deoxyflavone traditional Chinese medicine Huang Qin:evolution specialized metabolism

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黄芩,由古籍里走进现代生活的药用植物

世界科学技术-中医药现代化 2016年第11期18卷 1921-1928页

作者：崔孟颖柳洁杨蕾 cathie martin 陈晓亚赵清中国科学院上海辰山植物科学研究中心/上海市资源植物功能基因组学重点实验室/上海辰山植物园上海201602 约翰因纳斯中心中科院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所上海200032

黄芩作为传统的药用植物,以其根部入药,主治呼吸道感染、腹泻、痢疾、肝脏疾病等,在中国已有数千年的使用历史。本文综述了药用植物黄芩的古代文献记载及使用历史、活性成分及其药理作用现代研究。黄芩的活性成分主要为黄酮类,如黄芩苷... 详细信息

黄芩作为传统的药用植物,以其根部入药,主治呼吸道感染、腹泻、痢疾、肝脏疾病等,在中国已有数千年的使用历史。本文综述了药用植物黄芩的古代文献记载及使用历史、活性成分及其药理作用现代研究。黄芩的活性成分主要为黄酮类,如黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷及其苷配基黄芩素、汉黄芩素,这些化合物具有抗癌、护肝、抗病毒等多种药理作用。本文也介绍了黄芩相关生物技术及黄芩黄酮的代谢生物学研究进展,探讨了黄芩生物学研究方面的发展趋势,以期为相关研究的未来发展方向提供一定的参考。

关键词：黄芩黄酮抗癌代谢生物学

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贮藏器官中淀粉的含量和结构由什么控制

国外畜牧学（草原与牧草） 1996年第1期 27-31页

作者： Alison M.Smith Kay Denyer cathie R.martin 柏正强

高等植物的成熟淀粉贮藏器官,如块茎、豆类的胚及禾谷类的胚乳中,淀粉含量占干重的50％～80％。这些淀粉合成的调节很复杂,人们对其所知甚少。最近,由于可能通过遗传改变产生新的淀粉,引起了越来越多的人们对淀粉合成过程的兴趣。

关键词：植物贮藏器官淀粉结构控制