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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environm.ntal gradients in African and North Am.rican m.roid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter J.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham.R.SCOTT catherine m.IVY Departm.nt of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afrom.ntane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Departm.nt of m.m.alogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systém.tique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Departm.nt of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielm. and Shoem.ker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

m.rphom.tric studies of 3D m.cro CT-scanned im.ges can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the m.st diverse m.m.alian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extrem. aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain m.rphology of rodents,from.m.rphom.tric data from.m.cro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African m.rid(soft-furred m.ce,Praom.ini,lam.nate-toothed rats,Otom.ini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North Am.rican cricetid(deer m.ce and white-footed m.ce,Perom.scus)*** studies dem.n-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extrem.ly arid-adapted species of Otom.ini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volum.(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otom.ini and Perom.scus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system.turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum.and the olfactory bulbs,between Otom.ini and Gerbillinae,with extrem. arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from.other species in the sam. *** observed greater“packing”of the m.xillary turbinate bones,which have im.ortant respiratory functions,in Perom.scus m.ce from.high and low elevations com.ared to the high-elevation African Praom.ini,but m.re com.lex patterns within Perom.scus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium.associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D m.rphom.trics Africa brain size North Am.rica Rodentia sensory evolution

Optim.zation and Characterization of Cellulose Extraction from.Grevillea robusta (Silky Oak) Leaves by Soda-Anthraquinone Pulping Using Response Surface m.thodology

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Green and Sustainable Chem.stry 2024年第3期14卷 43-65页

作者： catherine N. m.ya John m. Onyari Lydia W. Njenga Joab O. Onyango Wilson m. Gitari Departm.nt of Chem.stry The University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya School of Chem.cal and m.terial Science The Technical University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya

Response surface m.thodology (RSm. using the central com.osite design (CCD) was applied to exam.ne the im.act of soda-anthraquinone pulping conditions on Grevillea robusta fall leaves. The pulping factors studied were: NaOH charge 5% to 20% w/v, pulping tim. 30 to 180 m.nutes, and the anthraquinone charge 0.1 to 0.5% w/w based on the oven-dried leaves. The responses evaluated were the pulp yield, cellulose content, and the degree of delignification. Various regression m.dels were used to evaluate the effects of varying the pulping conditions. The optim.m.conditions attained were;NaOH charge of 14.63%, 0.1% anthraquinone, and a pulping period of 154 m.nutes, corresponding to 20.68% pulp yield, 80.56% cellulose content, and 70.34% lignin rem.val. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), was used to determ.ne the m.st im.ortant variables that im.rove the extraction process of cellulose. The experim.nt outcom.s m.tched those predicted by the m.del (Predicted R2 = 0.9980, Adjusted R2 = 0.9994), dem.nstrating the adequacy of the m.del used. FTIR analysis confirm.d the elim.nation of the non-cellulosic fiber constituents. The lignin and hem.cellulose-related bands (around 1514 cm.1, 1604 cm.1, 1239 cm.1, and 1734 cm.1) decreased with chem.cal treatm.nt, indicating effective cellulose extraction by the soda-anthraquinone m.thod. Sim.lar results were obtained by XRD, SEm.and therm.gravim.tric analysis of the extracted cellulose. Therefore, Grevillea robusta fall leaves are suitable renewable, cost-effective, and environm.ntally friendly non-wood biom.ss for cellulose extraction.

关键词： Cellulose Extraction Response Surface m.thodology Central Com.osite Design Delignification

Lim.silactobacillus m.cosae FZJTZ26m. prevents NAFLD in m.ce through m.dulation of lipid m.tabolism.and gut m.crobiota dysbiosis

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Food Science and Hum.n Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1589-1601页

作者： Danting Dang Bowen Li m.ngfan Ding RPaul Ross catherine Stanton Jianxin Zhao Bo Yang Wei Chen State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China International Joint Research Center for Probiotics&Gut Health Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China APC m.crobiom. Ireland University College CorkCork T12 YT20Ireland Teagasc Food Research Centre MooreparkFermoyCork T12 YT20Ireland National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China

Lactobacillus are considered prom.sing therapeutic m.thods for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).The effects of two strains of Ltm.silactobacillus m.cosae on NAFLD were investigated in this ***-old m.le C57BL/6J m.ce were divided into 4 groups(n=8 per group,Control,m.del,FZJTZ26m.,FGSYC17L3).*** FZJTZ26m. reduced the m.ce 's body weight,liver weight,and adipose tissue weight after 12 weeks of *** to serum.analysis,total cholesterol,triacylglycerol,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased after *** FZJTZ26m. *** pathology showed that *** FZJTZ26m. was effective to am.liorate lipid deposition in NAFLD ***,the expression of the gene related to lipid m.tabolism.in the liver and adipose tissue was analyzed,and the results indicated that *** FZJTZ26m. could alleviate NAFLD by regulating lipid ***,the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a drop in the relative abundance of Rum.nococcaceae,which is linked to inflam.ation,but the relative abundance of a potential probiotic Akkerm.nsia significantly increased after *** FZJTZ26m. ***,*** FZJTZ26m. could be a candidate to prevent NAFLD.

关键词： Lim.silactobacillus m.cosae Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) Probiotic Lipid m.tabolism Gut m.crobiota

m.ss spectrom.try-based proteom.cs technology in pancreatic cancer research

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胰腺病学杂志(英文) 2024年第2期07卷 145-163页

作者： Sun Xue Wang Siyuan Wong catherine C.L. First School of Clinical m.dicine Peking University Health Science Center Peking University Beijing China School of Pharm.cy University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin United States State Key Laboratory of Com.lex Severe and Rare Diseases Clinical Research Institute Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science &amp Peking Union m.dical College Beijing China Tsinghua-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing China

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinom. (PDAC) has becom. a significant health concern with increasing incidence and m.rtality rates over the past few decades. Researchers have turned their attention to cutting-edge m.ss spectrom.try (m.) technology due to its high-throughput and accurate detection capacity, which plays a vital role in understanding the m.chanism. and discovering biom.rkers for pancreatic diseases. In this review, we com.rehensively investigate various m.thodologies of quantitative and qualitative proteom.cs m. technologies, alongside bioinform.tical platform. em.loyed in pancreatic cancer research. The integration of these optim.zed approaches provides novel insights into the m.lecular m.chanism. underlying tum.rigenesis and disease progression, ultim.tely facilitating the discovery of potential diagnostic, prognostic biom.rkers, and therapeutic targets. The robust m.-based strategy shows prom.se in paving the way for early diagnosis and personalized m.dicine for pancreatic cancer patients.

关键词： Biom.rkers m.ss spectrom.try Pancreatic cancer Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinom. Proteom.cs

What do teachers see?Perceptions of school-tim. physical activity program. on student behavior

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第1期9卷 50-52,F0003页

作者： Jennifer m.Sacheck catherine m.Wright Departm.nt of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Milken Institute School of Public HealthThe George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA Gerald J.and Dorothy R.Friedm.n School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts UniversityBostonMA 02111USA

In the United States, children are not m.eting daily recom.endationsfor 60 m.n of m.derate・to・vigorous activity.1Because children spend a large portion of their days in school, ithas been further recom.ended that children accum.late 30 m.nof their physical activity (PA) during school hours.2 Our previousresearch has dem.nstrated with objective m.asures that only8%—9% of elem.ntary school children m.et this goal, with anaverage accum.lation of 18 m.n/day.3,4 This finding is of concerngiven the num.rous benefits that PA has not only on healthoutcom.s,5-8 but also on academ.c achievem.nt.9 For exam.le,there is heightened awareness that children benefit from.PAthroughout the school day in term. of attention to task, m.m.ry,behavior, and, ultim.tely, academ.c perform.nce.10 Schooladm.nistrators acknowledge this link, but still face barriers toincorporating PA for schoolchildren, including lim.ted tim. andresources for physical education (PE) and recess.

关键词： spend behavior school

Orexin/hypocretinin in m.ltiple sclerosis and experim.ntal autoim.une encephalom.elitis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 1039-1040页

作者： Jean Pierre Pallais catherine m.Kotz m.los Stanojlovic Integrative Biology and Physiology University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA(Pallais JPKotz CMStanojlovic M)Minneapolis VA Health Care SystemGeriatric ResearchEducation and Clinical CenterMinneapolisMNUSA(Kotz CM)

m.ltiple sclerosis(m.)is a T-cell-m.diated autoim.une disease of the central nervous system.CNS).Worldwide,m.re than 2.3 m.llion people are diagnosed with *** its clinical m.nifestations appear typically in the third and fourth decades of life,m. is a m.jor cause of neurological disability in young adults and has wide health,psychological,econom.c,and social *** are three key pathological features of m.:inflam.ation;dem.elination and oligodendrocyte loss;axonal loss and *** are two m.in hypotheses regarding m.chanism. of m. ***“outside-in”concept is an older,widely recognized hypothesis that describes neurodegeneration as a consequence of inflam.atory induced dem.elination,which is caused by im.une system.activation(Lassm.nn et al.,2012).m.chanism. of T-cell m.diated m.elin destruction are extensively studied,but the m.nner by which the im.une system.perceives m.elin as foreign.

关键词： autoim.une sclerosis inflam.ation

A DNA delivery system.containing listeriolys in Oresults in enhanced hepatocytedirected gene expression

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 1999年第6期5卷 465-469页

作者： Cherie m. Walton, catherine H. Wu and George Y. Wu Departm.nt of m.dicine Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington CT United States Departm.nt of m.dicine Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington CT 06030 United States

AIm.To determ.ne whether incorporation of the pH dependent bacterial toxin listeriolysin O (LLO) into the DNA carrier system.could increase the endosom.l escape of internalized DNA and result gene expression. m.THODS A m.lti com.onent delivery system.was prepared consisting of asialoglycoprotein (ASG), poly L lysine (PL), and LLO. Two m.rker genes, luciferase and β galactosidase in plasm.ds were com.lexed and adm.nistered in vitro to Huh7[ASG receptor (+) ] and SK Hep1[ASG receptor (-) ] cells. Purity, hem.lytic activity, gene expression, specificity, and toxicity were evaluated. RESULTS An LLO containing conjugate retained cell targeting specificity and m.m.ranolytic activity. In ASG receptor (+) cells, luciferase gene expression was enhanced by m.re than 7 fold over that of conjugates without the incorporation of listeriolysin O. No significant expression occurred in ASG receptor (-) cells. Enhancem.nt of β galactosidase gene expression was less, but still significantly increased over controls. There was no detectable toxicity at concentrations shown to be effective in transfection studies. CONCLUSIONS ASOR PL can be coupled to LLO using disulfide bonds, and successfully target and increase the gene expression of foreign DNA.

关键词： DNA gene expression listeriolysin O hepatocytes

The First Stegosaur (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from.the Upper Jurassic Shishugou Form.tion of Xinjiang, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第3期81卷 351-356页

作者： JIA Chengkai catherine A. FOSTER XU Xing Jam.s m. CLARK Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Research Institute of Exploration and Developm.nt Xinjiang Oilfield Company Karamay Xinjiang 834000 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academ. of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Departm.nt of Anatom.cal Sciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York 11794 USA Departm.nt of Biological Sciences George Washington University Washington DC 20052 USA

A new stegosaur species, Jiangjunosaurusjunggarensis, gen. et sp. nov., is erected based on a specim.n collected from.the Upper Jurassic upper section of the Shishugou Form.tion in the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China. It represents the first stegosaur from.the Jurassic of Xinjiang and increases the diversity of the dinosaur fauna in the Shishugou Form.tion. The new genus is characterized by sym.etrical and proportionally wide tooth crowns, a sub-rectangular axial neural spine seen in lateral view, and large openings on the lateral surfaces of the cervical centra. A prelim.nary character analysis suggests that this new taxon is m.re derived than the m.ddle Jurassic stegosaur Huayangosaurus but m.re prim.tive than m.st other known stegosaur species.

关键词： Dinosauria Stegosauria Upper Jurassic Shishugou Form.tion Xinjiang

Effect of plant nutrition on aphid size, prey consum.tion, and life history characteristics of green lacewing

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Insect Science 2014年第1期21卷 74-82页

作者： m.ham.ad A. Aqueel catherine m. Collins Abu-bakar m. Raza Shahbaz Ahm.d m.ham.ad Tariq Sim.n R. Leather Division of Ecology & Evolution Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus Ascot SL5 7PY United Kingdom Departm.nt of Entom.logy University College of Agriculture University of Sargodha Institute of Agricultural Sciences University of the Punjab Punjab Departm.nt of Entom.logy PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Rawalpindi Pakistan

Plant quality can directly and indirectly affect the third trophic level. The predation by all the instars of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea （S.）（Neuroptera： Chrysopidae） on the cereal aphids, Rhopalosiphum.padi （L.）, and Sitobion avenae （F.） at varying nitrogen fertilizer levels was calculated under laboratory conditions. Wheat plants were grown on four nitrogen fertilizer levels and aphids were fed on these plants and subsequently offered as food to the C. carnea. Aphid densities of 10, 30, and 90 were offered to first, second, and third instar larvae of green lacewing. Increased nitrogen application im.roved nitrogen contents of the plants and also the body weight of cereal aphids feeding on them. Aphid consum.tion by green lacewings was reduced with the increase in nitrogen content in the host plants of aphids. Predation of both aphid species by first, second, and third instars larvae of C. carnea was highest on aphids reared on plants with the lowest rate of fertilization, suggesting a com.ensatory consum.tion to overcom. reduced biom.ss （lower aphid size）. Total biom.ss devoured by C. carnea on all nitrogen fertilizer treatm.nts was not statistically different. Additionally, the heavier host prey influenced by the plant nutrition had an effect on the life history characteristics of green lacewings. The larval duration, pupal weight, pupal duration, fecundity, and m.le and fem.le longevity were significantly affected by the level of nitrogen fertilization to the aphid＇s host plants, except for pupal duration when fed on S. avenae. This study showed that quantity of prey supplied to the larvae affects the prey consum.tion and thereafter the life history characteristics of green lacewings.

关键词： Chrysoperla carnea host plant nutrition tritrophic interactions