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Natural selection on flower size in invasive Cytisus scoparius along an elevation gradient

Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第2期13卷 165-170页

作者： Robert Frederick Bode catherine dufresne Department of Natural Sciences College of Arts and SciencesSaint Martin’s UniversityLaceyWA 98503USA

Aims Established invasive plant species have more diverse gene pools than single populations in their home *** genetic and often phenotypic variation allows for natural selection to act and produce rapid adaptations as an invasive species interacts with other members of the *** an invasive flowering plant,interactions with pollinators may lead to adaptations to a heterogeneous pollinator *** variation in the pollinator community in the invaded range is similar to variation in the native range,suggesting that adaptations may mirror patterns seen in the home *** this study,we investigated variation in flower size in Cytisus scoparius,an invasive leguminous shrub,along an elevation *** This study took place in the Capitol State Forest in Washington *** measured flower widths and the proportion of visited flowers,using 10 plants per field *** were located along an elevation gradient and were visited three times to measure phenological variation on a per-plant *** Findings We saw positive selection for flower size,albeit without a distinct pattern of higher selection at higher *** pattern of natural selection could be seen both in terms of pollinator visitation rates and in seed *** also found that the largest contributor to changes in seed production was not elevation or flower size but management practices.

关键词： invasive pollinator evolution Cytisus elevation

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Glycine-extended gastrin activates two independent tyrosine-kinases in upstream of p85/p110 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in human colonic tumour cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第12期12卷 1859-1864页

作者： Audrey Ferrand Aline Kowalski-Chauvel Claudine Bertrand Daniel Fourmy Marlene dufresne catherine Seva Julie Pannequin INSERM U.531 Groupe de Recherche de Biologie et Pathologie DigestivesIFR31Institut Louis BugnardBP 8422531432 toulouse Cedex 4France University of Melbourne Department of Surgery Austin CampusARMCHeidelbergVictoria 3084Australia

AIM： To investigate whether Src, JAK2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K） pathways are involved in the proliferation of human colonic tumour cells induced by glycine-extended gastrin （G-gly）, the precursor of the mature amidated gastrin and to elucidate the molecular interaction between these three kinases in response to this peptide. METHODS： Using the human colonic tumour cell line HCT116 as a model, we first measured the activation of PI3K, p60-Src and JAK2 in response to G-gly by in vitro kinase assays. Then we investigated the involvement of these kinases in G-gly-induced cell proliferation by MTT test. RESULTS： G-gly stimulation induced p60-Src, JAK2 and PI3K activation in HCT116. The different pathways were involved in proliferation of human colon cancer cells induced by G-gly. Furthermore, we found that both Src and JAK2 were necessary to PI3K regulation by this peptide. However, we did not find any cross-talk between the two tyrosine kinases. CONCLUSION： Our results suggest that the p60-Src/ PI3K and JAK2/PI3K pathways act independently to mediate G-gly proliferative effect on human colonic tumour cells.

关键词： Colon cancer Src JAK2 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Glycine-extended gastrin

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Mechanism for Src activation by the CCK2 receptor:Patho-physiological functions of this receptor in pancreas

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第28期12卷 4498-4503页

作者： Audrey Ferrand Sebastien Vatinel Aline Kowalski-Chauvel Claudine Bertrand Chantal Escrieut Daniel Fourmy Marlene dufresne catherine Seva dufresne Catherine SevaINSERM U 531IFR 31Institut Louis BugnardBP 8422531432 Toulouse cedex 4France

AIM： TO investigate in vivo, whether CCK2 receptors （CCK2R） regulate proteins known to play a crucial role in cell proliferation and cancer development and analyse in vitro the molecular mechanisms that lead to Src activation; in particular, to identify the domains within the CCK2R sequence that are implicated in this activation. METHODS： The expression and activation of Src and ERK were studied in vivo using immunofluorescence and western-blot techniques. We used pancreatic tissues derived from wild type or Elas-CCK2 mice that expressed the CCK2R in pancreatic acini, displayed an increased pancreatic growth and developed preneoplastic lesions. The pancreatic tumor cell line AR4-2J expressing the endogenous CCK2R or COS-7 cells transiently transfected with wild type or mutant CCK2R were used as in vitro models to study the mechanism of Src activation. Src activation was measured by in vitro kinase assays, ERK activation by western blot using antiphospho-ERK antibodies and the involvement of Src in gastrin-induced cell proliferation by MTT test. RESULTS： We showed in vivo that the targeted CCK2R expression in the pancreas of Elas-CCK2 mice, led to the activation of Src and the ERK pathway. Src was activated upstream of the ERK pathway by the CCK2R in pancreatic tumoral cells and contributed to the proliferative effects mediated by this receptor. In vitro results demonstrated that activation of the Src/ERK pathway by the CCK2R required the NPXXY motif, located within the CCK2R sequence at the end of the 7^th transmembrane domain, and suggested the putative role of Gq in this mechanism. CONCLUSION： Deregulation of the Src/ERK pathway by the CCK2R might represent an early step that contributes to cell proliferation, formation of preneoplastic lesions and pancreatic tumor development.

关键词： Gastrin, Src Pancreas CCK2 receptor

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