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TOWARDS FFT-bASED DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF TURbULENT FLOWS ON A GPU

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2014年第1期5卷 35-47页

作者： catherine RUCKI AbHILASH J.CHANDY Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Akron AkronOH 44325-3903

The accurate simulation of turbulence and the implementation of corresponding turbulence models are both critical to the understanding of the complex physics behind turbulent flows in a variety of science and engineering *** the tremendous increase in the computing power of central processing units(CPUs),direct numerical simulation of highly turbulent flows is still not feasible due to the need for resolving the smallest length scale,and today’s CPUs cannot keep pace with *** recent development of graphics processing units(GPU)has led to the general improvement in the performance of various *** study investigates the applicability of GPU technology in the context of fast-Fourier transform(FFT)-based pseudo-spectral methods for DNS of turbulent flows for the Taylor–Green vortex *** are implemented on a single GPU and a speedup of unto 31x is obtained in comparison to a single CPU.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics spectral methods turbulence modeling Taylor-Green vortex GPU programming

The immune modifying effects of amino acids on gut-associated lymphoid tissue

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Journal of Animal Science and biotechnology 2013年第3期4卷 195-204页

作者： Megan R Ruth catherine J Field Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science 4-126A Li Ka Shing Health Research Innovation Centre University of AlbertaEdmonton AB T6G 2E1 Canada

The intestine and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue（GALT） are essential components of whole body immune defense,protecting the body from foreign antigens and pathogens,while allowing tolerance to commensal bacteria and dietary *** requirement for protein to support the immune system is well *** is known regarding the immune modifying properties of individual amino acids,particularly on the *** oral and parenteral feeding studies have established convincing evidence that not only the total protein intake,but the availability of specific dietary amino acids（in particular glutamine,glutamate,and arginine,and perhaps methionine,cysteine and threonine） are essential to optimizing the immune functions of the intestine and the proximal resident immune *** amino acids each have unique properties that include,maintaining the integrity,growth and function of the intestine,as well as normalizing inflammatory cytokine secretion and improving T-lymphocyte numbers,specific T cell functions,and the secretion of IgA by lamina propria *** understanding of this area has come from studies that have supplemented single amino acids to a mixed protein diet and measuring the effect on specific immune *** studies should be designed using amino acid mixtures that target a number of specific functions of GALT in order to optimize immune function in domestic animals and humans during critical periods of development and various disease states.

关键词： Amino acids Arginine Epithelium Glutamate Glutamine Gut-associated lymphoid tissue Intestine Mucosa

Positive moderation of the hematology,plasma biochemistry and ocular indices of oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic rats,by an aqueous extract of the leaves of Sansevieria liberica Gerome and Labroy

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第1期6卷 27-36页

作者： Ikewuchi Jude Chigozie Ikewuchi catherine Chidinma University of Port Harcourt-biochemistry East/West RoadChoba Port Harcourt Rivers State 234Nigeria

Objective:To investigate the ability of an aqueous extract of the leaves of Sansevieria liberica (***) to alter the hematology,plasma biochemistry and ocular indices of oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic ***:Diabetes meUitus was induced by injection of alloxan (80 mg/kg body weight),via the tail *** extract was administered orally at 100,200 and 300 mg/kg body weight(both to normal and diabetic rats),and metformin at SO mg/kg body weight. Results:Compared to test control,the treatment dose dependently,significantly lowered(Pbin concentration;and plasma levels of glucose,triglyceride,total-, very low density lipoprotein-,low density lipoprotein- and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterols,total,conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin,sodium,urea,blood urea nitrogen,as well as plasma activities of alkaline phosphatase,alanine and aspartate ***, the treatment significantly increased(Pbin concentration,mean cell hemoglobin,and mean cell volume,neutrophil and monocyte counts,and plasma levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol,potassium,chloride,calcium,bicarbonate and total protein, ocular ascorbic acid content and ocular activities of catalase and superoxide *** study showed the hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic,immune-modulating,ocular-,hepato-renal and cardio-protective potentials of the ***:All these,support the use of the leaves of *** in African traditional health care practices for the management of diabetes mellitus.

关键词： Hematology Hypoglycemia lipid profile Ocular oxidative stress Sansevieria liberica Gerome and Labroy

Dryland agriculture and rangeland restoration priorities in Afghanistan

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Journal of Arid Land 2015年第3期7卷 391-402页

作者： Michael J JACObS catherine A SCHLOEDER Philip D TANIMOTO Texas Agri Life Research Department of Ecosystem Science & Management2138TAMUCollege StationTX 77843-2138USA Oikos Services LLCFortineMT 59918USA Conservation Imaging Inc.AuburndaleMassachusetts 02466USA

Afghanistan is threatened by rangeland degradation.A quantitative visual analysis of Google Earth Imagery was used to systematically locate,characterize and quantify the current extent of rangelands in Afghanistan degraded as a consequence of dryland *** data were used in conjunction with dryland agriculture locations to establish a climate envelope comprised by temperature and mean annual precipitation to create a geographical mask known to contain dryland *** this mask we created a grid of 100 km2 cells that we analyzed individually to access dryland agriculture *** limits to sustainable dryland agriculture and areas of high restoration priority were also assessed as was the distribution of rain-fed agriculture with respect to the location of traditional migration routes for extensive livestock *** extents of agriculture in Afghanistan,at both upper and lower elevations,correlated most closely with mean annual temperature（MAT） at the upper elevation limits,and with mean annual precipitation（MAP） at the lower elevation *** total,dryland agriculture comprised 38,980 km2 of former native *** was highest in the northwestern,northern and northeastern provinces of Herat,badghis,Faryab,Jawzjan,Sar-e-Pul,Samangan,balkh,baghlan,Kunduz,Takhar and badakhshan,with the highest percentage of conversion occurring in *** MAP value of 〈400 mm is perceived by farmers as the current climatic limit to sustainable dryland agriculture across the northern regions of the *** this MAP value,approximately 27,677 km2 of converted rangeland met the need for restoration *** projections indicate that Afghanistan will become warmer and drier in the coming *** consequence of this trend is that the MAP threshold of 〈400 mm to sustainable dryland agriculture will become obsolete in the coming *** of currently converted rangelands is needed to restore critical grazing area

关键词： degradation climatic trends extensive livestock production dryland agriculture rangeland restoration

Experimental evidence of obesity as a risk factor for severe acute pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第42期15卷 5260-5265页

作者： Jean-Louis Frossard Pierre Lescuyer catherine M Pastor Service of Gastroenterology Geneva University HospitalsGeneva 1205Switzerland Laboratory of pathophysiology and molecular imaging Geneva University HospitalsGeneva 1205Switzerland Service of Genetics and Central Laboratory Geneva University HospitalsGeneva 1205Switzerland

The incidence of acute pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas, is increasing worldwide. Pancreatic injury is mild in 80%-90% of patients who recover without complications. The remaining patients may develop a severe disease with local complications such as acinar cell necrosis, abscess and remote organ injury including lung injury. The early prediction of the severity of the disease is an important goal for physicians in management of patients with acute pancreatitis in order to optimize the therapy and to prevent organ dysfunction and local complications. For that purpose, multiple clinical scale scores have been applied to patients with acute pancreatitis. Recently, a new problem has emerged： the increased severity of the disease in obese patients. However, the mechanisms by which obesity increases the severity of acute pancreatitis are unclear. Several hypotheses have been suggested：（1） obese patients have an increased inflammation within the pancreas; （2） obese patients have an increased accumulation of fat within and around the pancreas where necrosis is often located; （3） increase in both peri- and intra-pancreatic fat and inflammatory cells explain the high incidence of pancreatic inflammation and necrosis in obese patients; （4） hepatic dysfunction associated with obesity might enhance the systemic inflammatory response by altering the detoxiflcation of inflammatory mediators; and （5） ventilation/perfusion mismatch leading to hypoxia associated with a low pancreatic flow might reduce the pancreatic oxygenation and further enhance pancreatic injury. Recent experimental investigations also show an increased mortality and morbidity in obese rodents with acute pancreatitis and the implication of the adipokines leptin and adiponectin. Such models are important to investigate whether the inflammatory response of the disease is enhanced by obesity. It is exciting to speculate that manipulation of the adipokine milieu has the potential to influence the severi

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Obesity Adiponectin Leptin

Do probiotics have a therapeutic role in gastroenterology?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第34期12卷 5447-5457页

作者： Jimmy K Limdi catherine O’Neill John McLaughlin Fairfeld Hospital bury LancashireUnited Kingdom Hope Hospital Manchester United Kingdom Consultant Gastroenterologist Lecturer in GISciences Hope Hospital Manchester United Kingdom

Several hundred species of bacteria inhabit the gut, and affect its cell biology, morphology and homeostasis. Many bacteria are however potential pathogens, especially if the integrity of the epithelial barrier is physically or functionally breached. Conversely, the interaction between host and commensal microbes can confer important health benefits. This has led to commercial and public interest in ＇probiotics＇, live microbes principally taken as food supplements. Might probiotics also be used in disease therapy？ Experimental evidence that probiotics modulate gut physiology, particularly barrier integrity and immunological function, underpins exciting new gastroenterological research. We discuss below the scientific basis for probiotic effects and present a critical perspective for their use in relation to gastrointestinal disease.

关键词： Probiotics Gastroenterology

Landslide Research at the british Geological Survey:Capture,Storage and Interpretation on a National and Site-Specific Scale

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第5期83卷 991-999页

作者： catherine PENNINGTON Claire FOSTER Jonathan CHAMbERS Gareth JENKINS british Geological Survey KeyworthNottinghamshireNG12 5GGUK

Landslide research at the british Geological Survey （bGS） is carried out through a number of activities, including surveying, database development and real-time monitoring of landslides. Landslide mapping across the UK has been carried out since bGS started geological mapping in 1835. Today, bGS geologists use a combination of remote sensing and ground-based investigations to survey landslides. The development of waterproof tablet computers （bGS＇SIGMAmobile）, with inbuilt GPS and GIS for field data capture provides an accurate and rapid mapping methodology for field surveys. Regional and national mapping of landslides is carried out in conjunction with site-specific monitoring, using terrestrial LiDAR and differential GPS technologies, which bGS has successfully developed for this application. In addition to surface monitoring, bGS is currently developing geophysical ground-imaging systems for landslide monitoring, which provide real-time information on subsurface changes prior to failure events. bGS＇s mapping and monitoring activities directly feed into the bGS National Landslide Database, the most extensive source of information on landslides in Great britain. It currently holds over 14 000 records of landslide events. by combining bGS＇s corporate datasets with expert knowledge, bGS has developed a landslide hazard assessment tool, GeoSure, which provides information on the relative landslide hazard susceptibility at national scale.

关键词： landslide National Landslide Database GeoSure hazard LiDAR geophysics

The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2018年第3期20卷 238-243页

作者： catherine Elix Sumanta K Pal Jeremy O Jones Department of Medical Oncology City of Hope National Medical Center Duarte CA91010 USA.

Despite great progress in the detection and treatment of prostate cancer, this disease remains an incredible health and economic burden. Although androgen receptor （AR） signaling plays a key role in the development and progression of prostate cancer, aberrations in other molecular pathways also contribute to the disease, making it essential to identify and develop drugs against novel targets, both for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. One promising target is the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma （PPARy） protein. PPARy was originally thought to act as a tumor suppressor in prostate cells because agonist ligands inhibited the growth of prostate cancer cells; however, additional studies found that PPARy agonists inhibit cell growth independent of PPARy. Furthermore, PPARy expression increases with cancer grade/stage, which would suggest that it is not a tumor suppressor but instead that PPARy activity may play a role in prostate cancer development and/or progression. Indeed, two new studies, taking vastly different, unbiased approaches, have identified PPARy as a target in prostate cancer and suggest that PPARy inhibition might be useful in prostate cancer prevention and treatment. These findings could lead to a new therapeutic weapon in the fight against prostate cancer.

关键词： androgen receptor PPAR gamma prevention prostate cancer warfarin

How will climate change affect the potential distribution of Eurasian tree sparrows Passer montanus in North America？

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 648-654页

作者： Jim GRAHAM catherine JARNEVICH Nick YOUNG Greg NEWMAN Thomas STOHLGREN Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1499 USA Fort Collins Science Center U.S. Geological Survey 2150 Centre Ave. Building C Fort Collins CO 80526 USA

Habitat suitability models have been used to predict the present and future potential distribution of a variety of spe- cies. Eurasian tree sparrows Passer montanus, native to Eurasia, have established populations in other parts of the world. In North America, their current distribution is limited to a relatively small region around its original introduction to St. Louis, Missouri. We combined data from the Global biodiversity Information Facility with current and future climate data to create habitat suitability models using Maxent for this species. Under projected climate change scenarios, our models show that the distribution and range of the Eurasian tree sparrow could increase as far as the Pacific Northwest and Newfoundland. This is potentially important in-formation for prioritizing the management and control of this non-native species [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 648--654, 2011].

关键词： Eurasian tree sparrows Passer montanus Maxent Climate change Distribution model