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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第5期83卷 991-999页

作者： catherine PENNINGTON Claire FOSTER Jonathan CHAMBERS Gareth JENKINS British Geological Survey KeyworthNottinghamshireNG12 5GGUK

Landslide research at the British Geological Survey （BGS） is carried out through a number of activities, including surveying, database development and real-time monitoring of landslides. Landslide mapping across the UK has been carried out since BGS started geological mapping in 1835. Today, BGS geologists use a combination of remote sensing and ground-based investigations to survey landslides. The development of waterproof tablet computers （BGS＇SIGMAmobile）, with inbuilt GPS and GIS for field data capture provides an accurate and rapid mapping methodology for field surveys. Regional and national mapping of landslides is carried out in conjunction with site-specific monitoring, using terrestrial LiDAR and differential GPS technologies, which BGS has successfully developed for this application. In addition to surface monitoring, BGS is currently developing geophysical ground-imaging systems for landslide monitoring, which provide real-time information on subsurface changes prior to failure events. BGS＇s mapping and monitoring activities directly feed into the BGS National Landslide Database, the most extensive source of information on landslides in Great Britain. It currently holds over 14 000 records of landslide events. By combining BGS＇s corporate datasets with expert knowledge, BGS has developed a landslide hazard assessment tool, GeoSure, which provides information on the relative landslide hazard susceptibility at national scale.

关键词： landslide National Landslide Database GeoSure hazard LiDAR geophysics

Positive moderation of the hematology,plasma biochemistry and ocular indices of oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic rats,by an aqueous extract of the leaves of Sansevieria liberica Gerome and Labroy

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第1期6卷 27-36页

作者： Ikewuchi Jude Chigozie Ikewuchi catherine Chidinma University of Port Harcourt-Biochemistry East/West RoadChoba Port Harcourt Rivers State 234Nigeria

Objective:To investigate the ability of an aqueous extract of the leaves of Sansevieria liberica (***) to alter the hematology,plasma biochemistry and ocular indices of oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic ***:Diabetes meUitus was induced by injection of alloxan (80 mg/kg body weight),via the tail *** extract was administered orally at 100,200 and 300 mg/kg body weight(both to normal and diabetic rats),and metformin at SO mg/kg body weight. Results:Compared to test control,the treatment dose dependently,significantly lowered(P<0.05) ocular malondialdehyde content,atherogenic indices,red cell,total white cell and lymphocyte counts,mean cell hemoglobin concentration;and plasma levels of glucose,triglyceride,total-, very low density lipoprotein-,low density lipoprotein- and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterols,total,conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin,sodium,urea,blood urea nitrogen,as well as plasma activities of alkaline phosphatase,alanine and aspartate ***, the treatment significantly increased(P<0.05) hematocrit,hemoglobin concentration,mean cell hemoglobin,and mean cell volume,neutrophil and monocyte counts,and plasma levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol,potassium,chloride,calcium,bicarbonate and total protein, ocular ascorbic acid content and ocular activities of catalase and superoxide *** study showed the hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic,immune-modulating,ocular-,hepato-renal and cardio-protective potentials of the ***:All these,support the use of the leaves of *** in African traditional health care practices for the management of diabetes mellitus.

关键词： Hematology Hypoglycemia lipid profile Ocular oxidative stress Sansevieria liberica Gerome and Labroy

Experimental evidence of obesity as a risk factor for severe acute pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第42期15卷 5260-5265页

作者： Jean-Louis Frossard Pierre Lescuyer catherine M Pastor Service of Gastroenterology Geneva University HospitalsGeneva 1205Switzerland Laboratory of pathophysiology and molecular imaging Geneva University HospitalsGeneva 1205Switzerland Service of Genetics and Central Laboratory Geneva University HospitalsGeneva 1205Switzerland

The incidence of acute pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas, is increasing worldwide. Pancreatic injury is mild in 80%-90% of patients who recover without complications. The remaining patients may develop a severe disease with local complications such as acinar cell necrosis, abscess and remote organ injury including lung injury. The early prediction of the severity of the disease is an important goal for physicians in management of patients with acute pancreatitis in order to optimize the therapy and to prevent organ dysfunction and local complications. For that purpose, multiple clinical scale scores have been applied to patients with acute pancreatitis. Recently, a new problem has emerged： the increased severity of the disease in obese patients. However, the mechanisms by which obesity increases the severity of acute pancreatitis are unclear. Several hypotheses have been suggested：（1） obese patients have an increased inflammation within the pancreas; （2） obese patients have an increased accumulation of fat within and around the pancreas where necrosis is often located; （3） increase in both peri- and intra-pancreatic fat and inflammatory cells explain the high incidence of pancreatic inflammation and necrosis in obese patients; （4） hepatic dysfunction associated with obesity might enhance the systemic inflammatory response by altering the detoxiflcation of inflammatory mediators; and （5） ventilation/perfusion mismatch leading to hypoxia associated with a low pancreatic flow might reduce the pancreatic oxygenation and further enhance pancreatic injury. Recent experimental investigations also show an increased mortality and morbidity in obese rodents with acute pancreatitis and the implication of the adipokines leptin and adiponectin. Such models are important to investigate whether the inflammatory response of the disease is enhanced by obesity. It is exciting to speculate that manipulation of the adipokine milieu has the potential to influence the severi

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Obesity Adiponectin Leptin

Do probiotics have a therapeutic role in gastroenterology?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第34期12卷 5447-5457页

作者： Jimmy K Limdi catherine O’Neill John McLaughlin Fairfeld Hospital Bury LancashireUnited Kingdom Hope Hospital Manchester United Kingdom Consultant Gastroenterologist Lecturer in GISciences Hope Hospital Manchester United Kingdom

Several hundred species of bacteria inhabit the gut, and affect its cell biology, morphology and homeostasis. Many bacteria are however potential pathogens, especially if the integrity of the epithelial barrier is physically or functionally breached. Conversely, the interaction between host and commensal microbes can confer important health benefits. This has led to commercial and public interest in ＇probiotics＇, live microbes principally taken as food supplements. Might probiotics also be used in disease therapy？ Experimental evidence that probiotics modulate gut physiology, particularly barrier integrity and immunological function, underpins exciting new gastroenterological research. We discuss below the scientific basis for probiotic effects and present a critical perspective for their use in relation to gastrointestinal disease.

关键词： Probiotics Gastroenterology

The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2018年第3期20卷 238-243页

作者： catherine Elix Sumanta K Pal Jeremy O Jones Department of Medical Oncology City of Hope National Medical Center Duarte CA91010 USA.

Despite great progress in the detection and treatment of prostate cancer, this disease remains an incredible health and economic burden. Although androgen receptor （AR） signaling plays a key role in the development and progression of prostate cancer, aberrations in other molecular pathways also contribute to the disease, making it essential to identify and develop drugs against novel targets, both for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. One promising target is the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma （PPARy） protein. PPARy was originally thought to act as a tumor suppressor in prostate cells because agonist ligands inhibited the growth of prostate cancer cells; however, additional studies found that PPARy agonists inhibit cell growth independent of PPARy. Furthermore, PPARy expression increases with cancer grade/stage, which would suggest that it is not a tumor suppressor but instead that PPARy activity may play a role in prostate cancer development and/or progression. Indeed, two new studies, taking vastly different, unbiased approaches, have identified PPARy as a target in prostate cancer and suggest that PPARy inhibition might be useful in prostate cancer prevention and treatment. These findings could lead to a new therapeutic weapon in the fight against prostate cancer.

关键词： androgen receptor PPAR gamma prevention prostate cancer warfarin

How will climate change affect the potential distribution of Eurasian tree sparrows Passer montanus in North America？

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 648-654页

作者： Jim GRAHAM catherine JARNEVICH Nick YOUNG Greg NEWMAN Thomas STOHLGREN Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1499 USA Fort Collins Science Center U.S. Geological Survey 2150 Centre Ave. Building C Fort Collins CO 80526 USA

Habitat suitability models have been used to predict the present and future potential distribution of a variety of spe- cies. Eurasian tree sparrows Passer montanus, native to Eurasia, have established populations in other parts of the world. In North America, their current distribution is limited to a relatively small region around its original introduction to St. Louis, Missouri. We combined data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility with current and future climate data to create habitat suitability models using Maxent for this species. Under projected climate change scenarios, our models show that the distribution and range of the Eurasian tree sparrow could increase as far as the Pacific Northwest and Newfoundland. This is potentially important in-formation for prioritizing the management and control of this non-native species [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 648--654, 2011].

关键词： Eurasian tree sparrows Passer montanus Maxent Climate change Distribution model

Signaling interactions among neurons impact cell fitness and death in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第4期18卷 784-789页

作者： catherine Yeates Prajakta Deshpande Madhuri Kango-Singh Amit Singh Department of Biology University of DaytonDaytonOHUSA Premedical Program University of DaytonDaytonOHUSA Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton(TREND) University of DaytonDaytonOHUSA The Integrative Science and Engineering Center University of DaytonDaytonOHUSA Center for Genomic Advocacy(TCGA) Indiana State UniversityTerre HauteINUSA

The pathology of Alzheimer’s disease involves a long preclinical period,where the characteristic clinical symptoms of the changes in the brain are *** the preclinical period,homeostatic mechanisms may help prevent widespread cell *** has pointed towards selective cell death of diseased neurons playing a potentially protective *** the disease progresses,dysregulation of signaling pathways that govern cell death contributes to *** activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway has been established in human and animal models of Alzheimer’s disease caused by amyloid-beta 42-or tau-mediated *** mosaic studies in Drosophila that examine amyloid-beta 42 in a subset of neurons suggest complex interplay between amyloid-beta 42-expressing and wild-type *** review examines the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling in the context of cell competition and short-range signaling interactions between amyloid-beta 42-expressing and wild-type *** competition is a conserved phenomenon regulating tissue integrity by assessing the fitness of cells relative to their neighbors and eliminating suboptimal *** clones of amyloid-beta 42 that juxtapose genetically distinct neuronal cell populations show promise for studying *** genetic mosaics with labeled clones of amyloid-beta 42-or tau-expressing and wild-type neurons will allow us to understand how short-range signaling alterations trigger cell death in neurons and thereby contribute to the progression of Alzheimer’s *** approaches have the potential to uncover biomarkers for early Alzheimer’s disease detection and new therapeutic targets for intervention.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease amyloid-beta 42 mediated neurodegeneration cell competition Drosophila c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling suboptimal cell super competition super competitor cell two clone-approach wild type cell

Distinct toll-like receptor expression in monocytes and T cells in chronic HCV infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第8期12卷 1198-1204页

作者： Angela Dolganiuc catherine Garcia Karen Kodys Gyongyi Szabo Department of Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School364 Plantation StreetWorcesterMA 01605-2324United States

AIM： Hepatitis C virus often establishes chronic infections. Recent studies suggest that viral and bacterial infections are more common in HCV-infected patients compared to controls. Pathogens are recognized by Toll-like receptors （TLRs） to shape adaptive and innate immune responses. METHODS： In this study, to infected host to recognize assess the ability of HCV-infected host to recognize invading pathogens, we investigated Toll-like receptor expression in innate （monocytes） and adaptive （T cells） immune cells by realtime PCR. RESULTS： We determined that RNA levels for TLRs 2, 6. 7, 8, 9 and 10 mRNA levels were upregulated in both monocytes and T cells in HCV-infected patients compared to controls. TLR4 was only upregulated in T lymphocytes, while TLR5 was selectively increased in monocytes of HCV-infected patients. MD-2, a TLR4 coreceptor, was increased in patients＇ monocytes and T cells while CD14 and MyD88 were increased only in monocytes. CONCLUSION： Our data reveal novel details on TLR expression that likely relates to innate recognition of pathogens and immune defense in HCV-infected individuals.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Toll-like receptors T cells Monocytes

The balancing act of AKT in T cells

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Frontiers in Biology 2013年第2期8卷 160-174页

作者： Mary catherine RENEE~ Francesc MARTI Department of Microbiology Immunology and Molecular Genetics University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexington KY 40536 USA

Abstract The serine/threonine-specific protein kinase AKT is gaining recognition as a major crossroad in numerous cellular signaling pathways through its ability to regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, survival and metabolism. This review focuses on the recent advances in AKT signaling and downstream events in T cells, emphasizing its contrasting role in conventional and regulatory （Treg） T cell populations. Activation of AKT has been known for many years to be critical in the development and function of conventional T cells. However, it has just recently been uncovered that AKT exerts an inhibitory effect on Treg generation and suppressor function. These studies have placed AKT at the nexus of Treg development and function, thus opening novel avenues for therapeutic manipulation.

关键词： AKT Tregs T cell signaling T cell differentiation

Hot n＇ Cold： Molecular Signatures of Domestication Bring Fresh Insights into Environmental Adaptation

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Molecular Plant 2015年第10期8卷 1439-1441页

作者： catherine Gardener S. Vinod Kumar Cell and Developmental Biology Department John Innes Centre Norwich NR4 7UH UK

Recent investigations of divergent rice genotypes have identified previously unknown molecular adaptations conferring heat and chilling tolerance in their corresponding local environments （Figure 1）. These studies s... 详细信息

关键词： domestication environmental adaptation