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The many roles of small RNAs in leaf development

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2010年第1期37卷 13-21页

作者： catherine A.Kidner Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences University of EdinburghKing's BuildingsMayfield Road EdinburghEH9 3JR Royal Botanic GardensEdinburgh20a Inverleith RowEdinburgh EH3 5LRUK

Leaf development involves many complex genetic interactions,signals between adjacent cells or between more distant tissues and consequent changes in cell *** review describes three stages in leaf development where reg... 详细信息

关键词： miRNA ta-siRNA leaf development

Effective simulation of flexible lateral boundaries in two-and three-dimensional DEM simulations

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Particuology 2008年第6期6卷 483-500页

作者： Geraldine Cheung catherine O'Sullivan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College London

Discrete element method （DEM） models to simulate laboratory element tests play an important role in advancing our understanding of the mechanics of granular material response, including bonded or cemented, particulate materials. Comparisons of the macro-scale response observed in a real physical test and a ＂virtual＂ DEM-simulated test can calibrate or validate DEM models. The detailed, particle scale information provided in the DEM simulation can then be used to develop our understanding of the material behaviour. It is important to accurately model the physical test boundary conditions in these DEM simulations. This paper specifically considers triaxial tests as these tests are commonly used in soil mechanics. In a triaxial test, the test specimen of granular material is enclosed within a flexible latex membrane that allows the material to deform freely during testing, while maintaining a specified stress condition. Triaxial tests can only be realistically simulated in 3D DEM codes, however analogue, 2D, biaxial DEM simulations are also often considered as it is easier to visualize particle interactions in two dimensions. This paper describes algorithms to simulate the lateral boundary conditions imposed by the latex membrane used in physical triaxial tests in both 2D and 3D DEM simulations. The importance of carefully considering the lateral boundary conditions in DEM simulations is illustrated by considering a 2D biaxial test on a specimen of frictional unbonded disks and a 3D triaxial test on a bonded （cemented） specimen of spheres. The comparisons indicate that the lateral boundary conditions have a more significant influence on the local, particle-scale response in comparison with the overall macro-scale observations.

关键词： Triaxial testing Discrete element simulations Boundary conditions

Targeted systemic therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma:Clinical perspectives,challenges and implications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第6期18卷 498-506页

作者： catherine Frenette Robert Gish California Pacific Medical Center San FranciscoCA 94115United States

Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is a lethal disease in most patients, due to its aggressive course and a lack of effective systemic therapies for advanced disease. Surgical resection and liver transplantation remain the only curative options for a small subset of patients. Few patients with HCC are diagnosed early enough to be eli- gible for curative treatment. Angiogenesis inhibition is a natural therapeutic target for all solid tumors, but par- ticularly for the highly vascularized HCC tumors. With the approval of the targeted agent sorafenib, there are now additional options for patients with HCC. Although sorafenib does produce some improvement in survival in HCC patients, the responses are not durable. In addi- tion, there are significant dermatologic, gastrointestinal, and metabolic toxicities, and, as importantly, there is still limited knowledge of its usefulness in special sub- populations with HCC. Other angiogenesis inhibitors are in development to treat HCC both in the first-line set- ting and for use following sorafenib failure; the furthest in development is brivanib, a dual fibroblast growth factor pathway and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor. Additional agents with antiangiogenic properties also in phase IT and Ⅲ development for the treatment of patients with HCC include bevacizumab, ramucirumab, ABT-869, everolimus and ARQ 197.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma, Angiogenesis Vas-cular endothelial growth factor Fibroblast growth factor Sorafenib Tumor response Brivanib

Self-assembly of peptide-based nanostructures： Synthesis and biological activity

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Nano Research 2018年第5期11卷 2315-2335页

作者： Lena Guyon Elise Lepeltier catherine Passirani Micro & Nanomedecines Translationnelles-MINT UNIV Angers INSERM U 1066 CNRS UMR 6021 UBL Universite Bretagne Loire Angers F-49933 France

Peptide-based nanostructures have received much attention in the field of drug targeting. In fact, peptides have many advantages such as simplicity of the structure, biocompatibility, and chemical diversity. Moreover, some peptides, which are called cell-penetrating peptides, can cross cellular membranes and carry small molecules, small interfering RNA, or viruses inside live cells. These molecules are often covalently or noncovalently linked to cargoes, thus forming amphiphilic conjugates that can self-assemble. Supramolecular nanostructures formed from peptides are used in nanomedicine as a carrier to protect a drug and to target cancer cells. This review explores aliphatic-chain-conjugated peptides and drug-conjugated peptides that can self-assemble. Special emphasis is placed on the synthesis procedure, nanostructure formation, and biological activity.

关键词： self-assembly cell penetrating peptide nanoparticle peptide

Interaction of the Arabidopsis UV-B-Specific Signaling Component UVR8 with Chromatin

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Molecular Plant 2008年第1期1卷 118-128页

作者： catherine Cloix Gareth I. Jenkins Plant Science Group Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences Bower Building University of GlasgowGlasgow G12 BQQ UK

Arabidopsis UV RESISTANCE LOCUS8 （UVR8） is a UV-B-specific signaling component that regulates expression of a range of genes concerned with UV protection. Here, we investigate the interaction of UVR8 with chromatin. Using antibodies specific to UVR8 in chromatin immunoprecipitation （ChiP） assays with wild-type plants, we show that native UVR8 binds to chromatin in vivo. Similar experiments using an anti-GFP antibody with plants expressing a GFP-UVR8 fusion show that UVR8 associates with a relatively small region of chromatin containing the HY5 gene. UVR8 interacts with chromatin containing the promoter regions of other genes, but not with all the genes it regulates. UV-B is not required for the interaction of UVR8 with chromatin because association with several gene loci is observed in the absence of UV-B. Pulldown assays demonstrate that UVR8 associates with histones in vivo and competition experiments indicate that the interaction is preferentially with histone H2B. ChIP experiments using antibodies that recognize specific histone modifications indicate that the UV-B-stimulated transcription of some genes may be correlated with histone modification. In particular, the ELIP1 promoter showed a significant enrichment of diacetyl histone H3 （K9/K14） following UV-B exposure. These findings increase understanding of the interaction of the key UV-B-specific regulator UVR8 with chromatin.

关键词： UV RESISTANCE LOCUS8 (UVR8) chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)

Hepatocellular Carcinoma:Downstaging to Liver Transplantation as Curative Therapy

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2021年第2期9卷 220-226页

作者： Leana Frankul catherine Frenette Scripps Center for Organ Transplant Scripps Clinic/Green HospitalLa JollaCAUSA

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)ranks among the leading cancer-related causes of morbidity and mortality *** of HCC has prevailed as a key method to curative therapy for patients who present with unresectable HCC outside of the listing criteria for liver transplantation(LT).Even though LT paves the way to lifesaving curative therapy for HCC,perpetually severe organ shortage limits its broader *** over the optimal protocol and assessment of response to downstaging treatment has fueled immense research activity and is pushing the boundaries of LT candidate selection *** implicit obligation of refining downstaging protocol is to ensure the maximization of the transplant survival benefit by taking into account the waitlist life *** the following review,we critically discuss strategies to best optimize downstaging HCC to LT on the basis of existing literature.

关键词： Downstaging Milan criteria Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver transplantation

THE SUSTAINABLE MICRO-SCALE MOVEMENT OF COMMUNITIES:CASE STUDIES OF SUBDIVIDED DEVELOPMENT AND ADAPTIVE REUSE OF SHARED SPACE IN NEW YORK CITY

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Journal of Green Building 2016年第1期11卷 23-37页

作者： Kyungsun Lee catherine Park School of Architecture Hongik UniversityWausan-roMapo-guSeoul 121-791 South Korea SoHa Atelier 27-28 Thomson Ave Suite#235 Long Island CityNY 11101 U.S.A.

*** In New York City a decline in manufacturing has propelled social and eco-nomic changes that have transformed certain districts[1,2].Unused building stock there has been the basis for adaptive reuse yielding new housing for families of varying *** constant pressure of the need for affordable housing has resulted in the conversion of existing abandoned industrial structures,pro-viding a green,environmentally friendly alternative to new construction[3,4,5].Adaptive reuse provides an opportunity to bring a building up to current codes,to make the layout and building systems more appropriate and efficient,and to help revitalize neighborhoods.

关键词： adaptive reuse New York City mixed-use non-governmental advocacy groups mega-city micro-scale subdivided development infrastructure development

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第17期15卷 2049-2066页

作者： Victoria Geenes catherine Williamson Maternal and Fetal Disease Group Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology Imperial College London London W12 0NN United Kingdom

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy-specific liver disorder characterized by maternal pruritus in the third trimester, raised serum bile acids and increased rates of adverse fetal outcomes. The etiology of ICP is complex and not fully understood, but it is likely to result from the cholestatic effects of reproductive hormones and their metabolites in genetically susceptible women. Equally unclear are the mechanisms by which the fetal complications occur. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, etiology and management of ICP.

关键词： Cholestasis Pregnancy Pruritus Bile acid

Current concepts and controversies in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第43期12卷 6909-6921页

作者： catherine Rongey Neil Kaplowitz Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program University of California at Los Angeles 911 Broxton Avenue Los Angeles CA 90024 United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Southern California 2011 Zonal Avenue Los Angeles CA 90033 United States

The treatment of alcoholic hepatitis remains one of the most debated topics in medicine and a field of continued research. In this review, we discuss the evolution of scoring systems, including the recent development of the Glasgow alcoholic hepatitis score, role of liver biopsy and current treatment interventions. Studies of treatment interventions with glucocorticoids, pentoxifylline, infliximab, s-adenosyl-methionine, and colchicine are reviewed with discussion on quality. Glucocorticoids currently remain the mainstay of treatment for severe alcoholic hepatitis.

关键词： Alcoholic hepatitis Treatment Glucocorticoid Biopsy Scoring system