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Natural history of chronic hepatitis B:Phases in a complex relationship

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第30期20卷 10395-10404页

作者： catherine mn croagh John S Lubel Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Eastern Health3128 VictoriaAustralia Eastern Health Clinical School Monash UniversityMelbourne3800 VictoriaAustralia

Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)is a condition of globalprevalence and its sequelae include cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.The natural history of CHB isa complex interplay of virological,environmental andhost factors.The dynamic relationship between thevirus and host evolves over the duration of the infection and different phases of the disease have been observed and described.These have been conceptualizedin terms of the state of balance between the host immune system and the hepatitis B virus and have beengiven the labels immune tolerant,immune clearance,immune control and immune escape although othernomenclature is also used.Host factors,such as age atinfection,determine progression to chronicity.Virological factors including hepatitis B viral load,mutationsand genotype also have an impact on the adverseoutcomes of the infection,as do hepatotoxic cofactorssuch as alcohol.Our understanding of the natural history of CHB has evolved significantly over the past fewdecades and characterizing the phase of disease ofCHB remains an integral part of managing this virus in the clinic.

关键词： Hepatitis B Fibrosis Natural history Hepatitis B e

Orexin/hypocretinin in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 1039-1040页

作者： Jean Pierre Pallais catherine M.Kotz Milos Stanojlovic Integrative Biology and Physiology University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA(Pallais JPKotz CMStanojlovic M)Minneapolis VA Health Care SystemGeriatric ResearchEducation and Clinical CenterMinneapolisMNUSA(Kotz CM)

Multiple sclerosis(MS)is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system(CNS).Worldwide,more than 2.3 million people are diagnosed with MS.Since its clinical manifestations appear typically in the third and fourth decades of life,MS is a major cause of neurological disability in young adults and has wide health,psychological,economic,and social consequences.There are three key pathological features of MS:inflammation;demyelination and oligodendrocyte loss;axonal loss and neurodegeneration.There are two main hypotheses regarding mechanisms of MS pathology.The“outside-in”concept is an older,widely recognized hypothesis that describes neurodegeneration as a consequence of inflammatory induced demyelination,which is caused by immune system activation(Lassmann et al.,2012).Mechanisms of T-cell mediated myelin destruction are extensively studied,but the manner by which the immune system perceives myelin as foreign.

关键词： autoimmune sclerosis inflammation

Experimental models of endocrine responsive breast cancer: strengths, limitations, and use

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2021年第4期4卷 762-783页

作者： Robert Clarke Brandon C.Jones catherine M.Sevigny Leena A.Hilakivi-Clarke Surojeet Sengupta The Hormel Institute and Department of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and BiophysicsUniversity of MinnesotaAustinMN 55912USA Department of Oncology Georgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC 20057USA The Jackson Laboratory 600 Main StreetBar HarborME 04609USA

Breast cancers characterized by expression of estrogen receptor-alpha(ER;ESR1)represent approximately 70%of all new cases and comprise the largest molecular subtype of this disease.Despite this high prevalence,the number of adequate experimental models of ER+breast cancer is relatively limited.Nonetheless,these models have proved very useful in advancing understanding of how cells respond to and resist endocrine therapies,and how the ER acts as a transcription factor to regulate cell fate signaling.We discuss the primary experimental models of ER+breast cancer including 2D and 3D cultures of established cell lines,cell line-and patient-derived xenografts,and chemically induced rodent models,with a consideration of their respective general strengths and limitations.What can and cannot be learned easily from these models is also discussed,and some observations on how these models may be used more effectively are provided.Overall,despite their limitations,the panel of models currently available has enabled major advances in the field,and these models remain central to the ability to study mechanisms of therapy action and resistance and for hypothesis testing that would otherwise be intractable or unethical in human subjects.

关键词： Breast cancer experimental models PDX xenografts study design

Long term effects of treated wastewater irrigation on calcisol fertility: A case study of Sfax-Tunisia

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Agricultural Sciences 2012年第5期3卷 702-713页

作者： Nebil Belaid catherine Neel Monem Kallel Tarek Ayoub Abdelmoneim Ayadi Michel Baudu CRDA-Sfax Rue Commandant Bejaoui 3018 Sfax Tunisie Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax Laboratoire de Radio-Analyses et Environnement (LRAE) ENIS BP W 3038 Sfax Tunisie Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax Laboratoire Eau Energie Environnement (L.3E) ENIS BP W 3038 Sfax Tunisie Université de Limoges FST Groupement de Recherche Eau Sol Environnement (GRESE) 123 Avenue Albert Thomas 87060 Limoges Cedex France

The use of treated wastewater (TW) for irrigation is increasingly being considered as a technical solution to minimize soil degradation and to restore nutrient content of soils. Indeed, TW usually contain large amounts of nutrient elements. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of long-term irrigation by TW on soil fertility under real field conditions. In the vicinity of the city of Sfax, a semi-arid region, a calcisol field has been irrigated for more 15 years with organic sodic TW;soil was modeled at three different depths (0 - 30, 30 - 60 and 60 - 90 cm) and along soil pits in the TW irrigated zone and in a nearby non-irrigated zone (control). Several parameters have been measured: soils pH, CEC, exchangeable cations, nitrate and ammonia, total contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and other essential macro and micro nutrients, electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon. C/N ratio and SUVA were calculated for each soil layer. The calculation of the isovolumic mass balance on soil profile scale was used to measure macro and micro nutrients supply. The TW irrigation has led to important supply in organic carbon (+100%), phosphorus (+80%) and in most essential nutrients (N, mn, Zn). Due to the high rate of irrigation and low CEC of the studied soil, the added nutrient cations and nitrate are removed with leaching waters compared to the non-irrigated control soil. Moreover, Sfax’s TW bring about important amounts of salts and Na. Therefore the beneficial addition of nutrients could quickly be inhibited by the excessive supply of salts and available nitrogen. Apart from future crops production risk, groundwater degradation quality and soil fertility will be endangered over the long term.

关键词： Arid Region Wastewater Irrigation Fertility El Hajeb-Sfax

Trace Metal Contamination of Sediments in Naviundu River Basin, Luano and Ruashi Rivers and Luwowoshi Spring in Lubumbashi City, Democratic Republic of Congo

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2017年第9期6卷 456-464页

作者： Bamba Bukengu Muhaya Clarisse Zoza Kunyonga Sonia catherine Mulongo Faustin Zigabe Mushobekwa Arthur Mubwebwe Bisimwa Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Lubumbashi University Lubumbashi 1825 D.R. Congo Department of Material Engineering Higher School of lndustrial Engineers Lubumbashi University Lubumbashi 1825 D.R.Congo Department of Geology Faculty of Science Lubumbashi University Lubumbashi 1825 D.R. Congo Department of Management Faculty of Economics and Management Lubumbashi University Lubumbashi 1825 D.R. Congo Natural Science Research Center (CRSN-Lwiro) D.S. Bukavu D.R. Congo Department of Hydrobiology Faculty of Science Kisangani University Kisangani 2012 D.R. Congo

Trace Metal Contamination of Water in the Lubumbashi River Basin, Kafubu, Kimilolo and Kinkalabwamba Rivers in Lubumbashi City, Democratic Republic of Congo

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2017年第6期6卷 301-311页

作者： Bamba Bukengu Muhaya Matthieu Kayembe wa Kayembe Sonia catherine Mulongo Clarisse Zoza Kunyonga Faustin Zigabe Mushobekwa Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Lubumbashi University Lubumbashi 1825 D.R. Congo Department of Geography Faculty of Science Lubumbashi University Lubumbashi 1825 D.R. Congo Department of Geology Faculty of Science Lubumbashi University Lubumbashi 1825 D.R. Congo Department of Material Engineering Higher School of Industrial Engineers Lubumbashi University Lubumbashi 1825 D.R.Congo Department of Management Faculty of Economics and Management Lubumbashi University Lubumbashi 1825 D.R. Congo

Trace Metal Contamination of Water in Naviundu River Basin, Luano and Ruashi Rivers and Luwowoshi Spring in Lubumbashi City, Democratic Republic of Congo

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2017年第7期6卷 329-336页

作者： Bamba Bukengu Muhaya Sonia catherine Mulongo Clarisse Zoza Kunyonga Faustin Zigabe Mushobekwa Matthieu Kayembe wa Kayembe Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Lubumbashi University Lubumbashi 1825 D.R. Congo Department of Geology Faculty of Science Lubumbashi University Lubumbashi 1825 D.R. Congo Department of Material Engineering Higher School of Industrial Engineers Lubumbashi University Lubumbashi 1825 D.R.Congo Department of Management Faculty of Economics and Management Lubumbashi University Lubumbashi 1825 D R. Congo Department of Geography Faculty of Science Lubumbashi University Lubumbashi 1825 D.R. Congo

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可可黄烷醇与血管健康

可可黄烷醇与血管健康

Biogeochemical Dynamics of Molybdenum in a Crater Lake:Seasonal Impact and Long-Term Removal

第四届第二次中国毒理学会食品毒理专业委员会学术会议

作者： catherine Kwik-Uribe 玛氏公司

What is in the Cocoa Seed? 可可豆中含有什么? ·Fat 脂肪 (～45-55％) ·Protein 蛋白质(～8-15％) ·Carbohydrates 碳水化合物(～30-40％;Fiber 纤维～18-25％) ·Minerals 矿物质 -K．Mg,Zn,Cu,mn ·Alkaloids 生物碱 -theobromine 可可碱, theophylline 茶碱,caffeine 咖啡因·Simple Phenolics 简单酚酸 -ferulic acid, caffeic acid 咖啡酸,chlorogenic acid 绿原酸·Flavonoids 类黄酮 anthocyanidins 花青素, flavanols 黄烷醇,procyanidins 原花青素

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第4期6卷 256-271页

作者： Alassane Thiam Didier Jezequel Alexis Groleau Francois Prevot Filipa Lopes Patrick Alberic catherine Quiblier Elivira Bura-Nakic Irena Ciglenecki Hassiba Lazar Eric Viollier Universite de Thies UFR Sciences de l’IngenieurThiesSenegal Laboratoire de Geochimie des Eaux Universite Paris Diderot-Institut de Physique du Globe de ParisParisFrance Laboratoires Genie des Procedes et Materiaux Ecole de Chimie de ParisChatenay-MalabryFrance UMR611-CNRS/Universite d’Orleans OrleansFrance Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle Equipe“Systematique et Ecotoxicologie des Micro-Algues”ParisFrance Rudjer Boskovic Institute Center for Marine and Environmental ResearchZagrebCroatia

Despite a large variety of processes that can control Mo and its potential to become an environmental tracer of euxinic environment, this element is not often studied in lakes. The aim of this paper is to identify main seasonal biogeochemical processes that involve Mo in a well constrained freshwater system (Lake Pavin water-column) in order to evaluate their respective importance. In Lake Pavin, 4 main processes have been identified: 1) the transitional process represented by Mo assimilation of by phytoplankton in the epilimnion (nitrogen biological fixation and nitrate assimilation);2) transient process represented by dissolved Mo adsorption onto Fe and mn metal oxides at oxic/anoxic interface (depth 50 - 60 m);3) Mo precipitation where apparent sulfide production rate is maximum, and from 80 m depths;4) release of dissolved Mo due to Mo benthic flux or input from a deep source.

关键词： Molybdenum Biogeochemical Cycles Diatoms ICP-MS Meromictic Lake