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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter J.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham R.SCOTT catherine m.ivy Department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)*** studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and Gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same *** observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size North America Rodentia sensory evolution

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What do teachers see?Perceptions of school-time physical activity programs on student behavior

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第1期9卷 50-52,F0003页

作者： Jennifer m.Sacheck catherine m.Wright Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Milken Institute School of Public HealthThe George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA Gerald J.and Dorothy R.Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts UniversityBostonMA 02111USA

In the United States, children are not meeting daily recommendationsfor 60 min of moderate・to・vigorous activity.1Because children spend a large portion of their days in school, ithas been further recommended that children accumulate 30 minof their physical activity (PA) during school hours.2 Our previousresearch has demonstrated with objective measures that only8%—9% of elementary school children meet this goal, with anaverage accumulation of 18 min/day.3,4 This finding is of concerngiven the numerous benefits that PA has not only on healthoutcomes,5-8 but also on academic achievement.9 For example,there is heightened awareness that children benefit from PAthroughout the school day in terms of attention to task, memory,behavior, and, ultimately, academic performance.10 Schooladministrators acknowledge this link, but still face barriers toincorporating PA for schoolchildren, including limited time andresources for physical education (PE) and recess.

关键词： spend behavior school

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Orexin/hypocretinin in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 1039-1040页

作者： Jean Pierre Pallais catherine m.Kotz milos Stanojlovic Integrative Biology and Physiology University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA(Pallais JPKotz CMStanojlovic M)Minneapolis VA Health Care SystemGeriatric ResearchEducation and Clinical CenterMinneapolisMNUSA(Kotz CM)

multiple sclerosis(mS)is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system(CNS).Worldwide,more than 2.3 million people are diagnosed with *** its clinical manifestations appear typically in the third and fourth decades of life,mS is a major cause of neurological disability in young adults and has wide health,psychological,economic,and social *** are three key pathological features of mS:inflammation;demyelination and oligodendrocyte loss;axonal loss and *** are two main hypotheses regarding mechanisms of mS ***“outside-in”concept is an older,widely recognized hypothesis that describes neurodegeneration as a consequence of inflammatory induced demyelination,which is caused by immune system activation(Lassmann et al.,2012).mechanisms of T-cell mediated myelin destruction are extensively studied,but the manner by which the immune system perceives myelin as foreign.

关键词： autoimmune sclerosis inflammation

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microRNAs and liver cancer associated with iron overload:Therapeutic targets unravelled

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第32期19卷 5212-5226页

作者： catherine m Greene Robert B Varley matthew W Lawless Respiratory Research Division Department of MedicineEducation and Research CentreRoyal College of Surgeons In IrelandBeaumont Hospital Experimental medicine UCD School of Medicine and Medical ScienceMater Misericordiae University Hospital

Primary liver cancer is a global disease that is on the *** carcinoma(HCC)accounts for most primary liver cancers and has a notably low survival rate,largely attributable to late diagnosis,resistance to treatment,tumour recurrence and ***(miRNAs/miRs)are regulatory RNAs that modulate protein *** are involved in several biological and pathological processes including the development and progression of *** the poor outcomes with current HCC treatments,miRNAs represent an important new target for therapeutic *** studies have demonstrated their role in HCC development and *** many risk factors underlie the development of HCC,one process commonly altered is iron *** overload occurs in several liver diseases associated with the development of HCC including Hepatitis C infection and the importance of miRNAs in iron homeostasis and hepatic iron overload is well *** miRNA expression in hepatic fibrosis and injury response have been reported,as have dysregulated miRNA expression patterns affecting cell cycle progression,evasion of apoptosis,invasion and ***2009,miR-26a delivery was shown to prevent HCC progression,highlighting its therapeutic *** studies have since investigated the clinical potential of other miRNAs with one drug,miravirsen,currently in phaseⅡclinical *** also have potential as biomarkers for the diagnosis of HCC and to evaluate treatment *** studies and clinical trials suggest miRNA-based treatments and diagnostic methods will have novel clinical applications for HCC in the coming years,yielding improved HCC survival rates and patient outcomes.

关键词： microRNAs Liver cancer Iron regulation Hepatitis C Therapeutic targets

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Campaign-style U-Pb titanite petrochronology:Along-strike variations in timing of metamorphism in the Himalayan metamorphic core

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 827-847页

作者： catherine m.mottram John m.Cottle Andrew R.C.Kylander-Clark School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Portsmouth Department of Earth Science University of CaliforniaSanta Barbara

Present-day along-strike heterogeneities within the Himalayan orogen are seen at many scales, from variations within the deep architecture of the lithospheric mantle, to differences in geomorphologic surface processes. Here, we present an internally consistent petrochronologic dataset from the Himalayan metamorphic core(HmC), in order to document and investigate the causes of along-strike variations in its Oligocene-miocene tectonic history. Laser ablation split-stream analysis was used to date and characterise the geochemistry of titanite from 47 calc-silicate rocks across >2000 km along the *** combined U-Pb-REE-Zr single mineral dataset circumvents uncertainties associated with interpretations based on data compilations from different studies, mineral systems and laboratories, and allows for direct along-strike comparisons in the timing of metamorphic processes. Titanite dates range from ～30 ma to 12 ma, recording(re-)crystallization between 625 ℃ and 815 ℃. Titanite T-t data overlap with previously published P-T-t paths from interleaved peltic rocks, demonstrating the usefulness of titanite petrochronology for recording the metamorphic history in lithologies not traditionally used for thermobarometry. Overall, the data indicate a broad eastward-younging trend along the *** in the duration and timing of metamorphism within the HmC are best explained by alongstrike variations in the position of ramps on the basal detachment controlling a two-stage process of preferential ductile accretion at depth followed by the formation of later upper-crust brittle *** processes, coupled with variable erosion, resulted in the asymmetric exhumation of a younger,thicker crystalline core in the eastern Himalaya.

关键词： Himalaya Petrochronology Titanite metamorphic petrology

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Oxidative Stress Tolerance mechanism in Rice under Salinity

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第3期89卷 497-517页

作者： mahmuda Binte monsur Nasrin Akter ivy m.moynul Haque mirza Hasanuzzaman Ayman EL Sabagh md.motiar Rohman Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipur1706Bangladesh Department of Agronomy Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipur1706Bangladesh Department of Agronomy Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural UniversityDhaka1207Bangladesh Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh33516Egypt Department of Field Crops Faculty of AgricultureSiirt UniversitySiirt56100Turkey molecular Breeding Lab Plant Breeding DivisionBangladesh Agricultural Research InstituteGazipur1701Bangladesh

The research was conducted to investigate comparative oxidative damage including probable protective roles of antioxidant and glyoxalase systems in rice(Oryza sativa L.)seedlings under salinity *** of two rice genotypes:Pokkali(tolerant)and BRRI dhan28(sensitive)were subjected to 8 dSm^(−1) salinity stress for seven days in a hydroponic *** observed significant variation between Pokkali and BRRI dhan28 in phenotypic,biochemical and mole-cular level under salinity *** content,ion homeostasis,antioxidant enzymes,ascorbate and glutathione redox system and proline accumulation may help Pokkali to develop defense system during salinity ***,the activity antioxidant enzymes particularly superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and non-chloroplastic peroxidase(POD)were observed significantly higher in Pokkali compared to salt-sensitive BRRI *** glyoxalase(Gly-I)and glyoxalase(Gly-II)activity might have also accompanied Pokkali genotype to reduce potential cytotoxic mG through non-toxic hydroxy acids ***,the efficient antioxidants and glyoxalase system together increased adaptability in Pokkali during salinity stress.

关键词： Reactive oxygen species(ROS) antioxidants glyoxalase system salinity oxidative stress

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A DNA delivery system containing listeriolys in Oresults in enhanced hepatocytedirected gene expression

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 1999年第6期5卷 465-469页

作者： Cherie m. Walton, catherine H. Wu and George Y. Wu Department of medicine Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington CT United States Department of medicine Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington CT 06030 United States

AIm To determine whether incorporation of the pH dependent bacterial toxin listeriolysin O (LLO) into the DNA carrier system could increase the endosomal escape of internalized DNA and result gene expression. mETHODS A multi component delivery system was prepared consisting of asialoglycoprotein (ASG), poly L lysine (PL), and LLO. Two marker genes, luciferase and β galactosidase in plasmids were complexed and administered in vitro to Huh7[ASG receptor (+) ] and SK Hep1[ASG receptor (-) ] cells. Purity, hemolytic activity, gene expression, specificity, and toxicity were evaluated. RESULTS An LLO containing conjugate retained cell targeting specificity and membranolytic activity. In ASG receptor (+) cells, luciferase gene expression was enhanced by more than 7 fold over that of conjugates without the incorporation of listeriolysin O. No significant expression occurred in ASG receptor (-) cells. Enhancement of β galactosidase gene expression was less, but still significantly increased over controls. There was no detectable toxicity at concentrations shown to be effective in transfection studies. CONCLUSIONS ASOR PL can be coupled to LLO using disulfide bonds, and successfully target and increase the gene expression of foreign DNA.

关键词： DNA gene expression listeriolysin O hepatocytes

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The First Stegosaur (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Upper Jurassic Shishugou Formation of Xinjiang, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第3期81卷 351-356页

作者： JIA Chengkai catherine A. FOSTER XU Xing James m. CLARK Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Xinjiang Oilfield Company Karamay Xinjiang 834000 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Department of Anatomical Sciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York 11794 USA Department of Biological Sciences George Washington University Washington DC 20052 USA

A new stegosaur species, Jiangjunosaurusjunggarensis, gen. et sp. nov., is erected based on a specimen collected from the Upper Jurassic upper section of the Shishugou Formation in the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China. It represents the first stegosaur from the Jurassic of Xinjiang and increases the diversity of the dinosaur fauna in the Shishugou Formation. The new genus is characterized by symmetrical and proportionally wide tooth crowns, a sub-rectangular axial neural spine seen in lateral view, and large openings on the lateral surfaces of the cervical centra. A preliminary character analysis suggests that this new taxon is more derived than the middle Jurassic stegosaur Huayangosaurus but more primitive than most other known stegosaur species.

关键词： Dinosauria Stegosauria Upper Jurassic Shishugou Formation Xinjiang

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Functional gastrointestinal disorders in eating disorder patients:Altered distribution and predictors using ROmE Ⅲ compared to ROmE Ⅱ criteria

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第43期20卷 16293-16299页

作者： Xiaojie Wang Georgina m Luscombe catherine Boyd John Kellow Suzanne Abraham Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of SydneyNSW 2006Australia School of Rural Health University of SydneyOrangeNSW 2800Australia Department of Gastroenterology and medicine University of SydneyRoyal North Shore HospitalSt LeonardsNSW 2065Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Northside ClinicUniversity of SydneyRoyal North Shore HospitalNSW 2065Australia

AIm:To compare the prevalence of Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs)using ROmEⅢand ROmEⅡand to describe predictors of FGIDs among eating disorder(ED)***:Two similar cohorts of female ED inpatients,aged 17-50 years,with no organic gastrointestinal or systemic disorders,completed either the ROmEⅢ(n=100)or the ROmEⅡ(n=160)questionnaire on admission for ED *** two ROmE cohorts were compared on continuous demographic variables(e.g.,age,BmI)using Student’s t-tests,and on categorical variables(e.g.,ED diagnosis)usingχ*** relationship between ED diagnostic subtypes and FGID categories was explored usingχ***,BmI,and psychological and behavioural predictors of the common(prevalence greater than 20%)ROmEⅢFGIDs were tested using logistic regression ***:The criteria for at least one FGID were fulfilled by 83%of the ROmEⅢcohort,and 94%of the ROmEⅡ*** were no significant differences in age,BmI,lowest ever BmI,ED diagnostic subtypes or ED-related quality of life(QOL)scores between ROmEⅡand ROmEⅢ*** most prevalent FGIDs using ROmEⅢwere postprandial distress syndrome(PDS)(45%)and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)(41%),followed by unspecified functional bowel disorders(U-FBD)(24%),and functional heartburn(FH)(22%).There was a 29%or 46%increase(depending on presence or absence of cyclic vomiting)in functional gastroduodenal disorders because of the introduction of PDS in ROmEⅢcompared to ROmEⅡ.There was a 35%decrease in functional bowel disorders(FBD)in RomeⅢ(excluding U-FBD)compared to ROmEⅡ.The most significant predictor of PDS was starvation(P=0.008).The predictor of FH(P=0.021)and U-FBD(P=0.007)was somatisation,and of IBS laxative use(P=0.025).Age and BmI were not significant *** addition of the 6-mo duration of symptoms requirement for a diagnosis in ROmEⅢadded precision to many ***:ROmEⅢconfers higher precision in diagnosing FGIDs but self-induced vomiting should be excluded from the

关键词： Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa Eating disorders Gastrointestinal diseases Irritable bowel syndrome

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Hirzebruch X_y genera of the Hilbert schemes of surfaces by localization formula

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Science China mathematics 2002年第4期45卷 420-431页

作者：刘克锋 catherine YAN 周坚 Department of mathematics UCLA Los Angeles CA 90024 U.S.A. Department of mathematics Texas A & M University College Station TX 77843 U.S.A. Department of mathematical Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

We use the Atiyah-Bott-Segal-Singer Lefschetz fixed point fornula to calculate the Hirzebruch Xy genus Xy(S[n]), where S[n] is the Hilbert scheme of points of length n of a surface 5. Combinatorial interpretation of the weights of the fixed points of the natural torus action on (C2)[n] is used. This is the first step to prove a conjectural formula about the elliptic genus of the Hilbert schemes.

关键词： genera, Hilbert schemes, localization formula.

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