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Experimental evidence of obesity as a risk factor for severe acute pancreatitis

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第42期15卷 5260-5265页

作者： Jean-Louis Frossard Pierre Lescuyer catherine m pastor Service of Gastroenterology Geneva University HospitalsGeneva 1205Switzerland Laboratory of pathophysiology and molecular imaging Geneva University HospitalsGeneva 1205Switzerland Service of Genetics and Central Laboratory Geneva University HospitalsGeneva 1205Switzerland

The incidence of acute pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas, is increasing worldwide. Pancreatic injury is mild in 80%-90% of patients who recover without complications. The remaining patients may develop a severe disease with local complications such as acinar cell necrosis, abscess and remote organ injury including lung injury. The early prediction of the severity of the disease is an important goal for physicians in management of patients with acute pancreatitis in order to optimize the therapy and to prevent organ dysfunction and local complications. For that purpose, multiple clinical scale scores have been applied to patients with acute pancreatitis. Recently, a new problem has emerged： the increased severity of the disease in obese patients. However, the mechanisms by which obesity increases the severity of acute pancreatitis are unclear. Several hypotheses have been suggested：（1） obese patients have an increased inflammation within the pancreas; （2） obese patients have an increased accumulation of fat within and around the pancreas where necrosis is often located; （3） increase in both peri- and intra-pancreatic fat and inflammatory cells explain the high incidence of pancreatic inflammation and necrosis in obese patients; （4） hepatic dysfunction associated with obesity might enhance the systemic inflammatory response by altering the detoxiflcation of inflammatory mediators; and （5） ventilation/perfusion mismatch leading to hypoxia associated with a low pancreatic flow might reduce the pancreatic oxygenation and further enhance pancreatic injury. Recent experimental investigations also show an increased mortality and morbidity in obese rodents with acute pancreatitis and the implication of the adipokines leptin and adiponectin. Such models are important to investigate whether the inflammatory response of the disease is enhanced by obesity. It is exciting to speculate that manipulation of the adipokine milieu has the potential to influence the severi

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Obesity Adiponectin Leptin

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Endothelial nitric oxide synthase regulation is altered in pancreas from cirrhotic rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第2期12卷 228-233页

作者： Jean-Louis Frossard Rafael Quadri Antoine Hadengue Philippe morel catherine m pastor Division de Gastroenterologie Hpitaux Universitaires de Geneve Departement de Chirurgie Hopitaux Universitaires de Geneve Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Hepatique et Imagerie moleculaire Hpitaux Universitaires de Geneve

AIm： To determine whether biliary cirrhosis could induce pancreatic dysfunction such as modifications in endothelial nitric oxide synthase（eNOS） expression and whether the regulation of eNOS could be altered by the regulatory proteins caveolin and heat shock protein 90 （Hsp90）, as well as by the modifications of calmodulin binding to eNOS. mETHODS： Immunoprecipitations and Western blotting analysis were performed in pancreas isolated from sham and cirrhotic rats. RESULTS： Pancreatic injury was minor in cirrhotic rats but eNOS expression importantly decreased with the length （and the severity） of the disease. Because coimmunoprecipitation of eNOS with both Hsp90 and caveolin similarly decreased in cirrhotic rats, eNOS activity was not modified by this mechanism. In contrast, drrhosis decreased the calmodulin binding to eNOS with a concomitant decrease in eNOS activity. CONCLUSION： In biliary cirrhosis, pancreatic injury is minor but the pancreatic nitric oxide （NO） production is significantly decreased by two mechanisms： a decreased expression of the enzyme and a decreased binding of calmodulin to eNOS.

关键词： Pancreas Biliary cirrhosis Endothelial NO synthase Caveolin Heat shock protein 90

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Neutrophil depletion-but not prevention of Kupffer cell activation-decreases the severity of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第8期12卷 1219-1224页

作者： catherine m pastor Alain Vonlaufen Fabianna Georgi Antoine Hadengue Philippe morel Jean-Louis Frossard Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Hépatique et Imagerie moléculaire H■pitaux Universitaires de GenèveB■timent CRoom 6-79524 Rue Micheli-du-Crest1205 GenevaSwitzerland Division of Gastroentérologie et Hépatologie H■pitaux Universitaires de Genève24 Rue Micheli-du-Crest1205 GenevaSwitzerland Département APSI H■pitaux Universitaires de Genève24 Rue Micheli-du-Crest1205 GenevaSwitzerland Département de Chirurgie H■pitaux Universitaires de Genève24 Rue Micheli-du-Crest1205 GenevaSwitzerland

AIm： To determine whether neutrophil depletion and Kupffer cell inhibition might combine their protective effects to decrease the severity of acute pancreatitis. mETHODS： Nice had cerulein administration to induce acute pancreatitis and were pretreated with either anti-mouse neutrophil serum or gadolinium chloride （GdCh） to prevent Kupffer cell activation, or both treatments. Injury was assessed in pancreas and lungs. myeloperoxidases （mPO） assessed neutrophil infiltration. Interleukin-6 （IL-6） and IL-10 were measured in serum, pancreas, lungs and liver. RESULTS： In mice with acute pancreatitis, neutrophil depletion reduced the severity of pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury. Kupffer cell inactivation by GdCh had less protective effect, although IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were significantly decreased. The protective treatment brought by neutrophil depletion was not enhanced by Kupffer cell inactivation and both treatments did not combine their protective effects. CONCLUSION： Our results confirm the role of activated neutrophils in aggravating organ injury in acute pancreatitis while the role of Kupffer cell activation is less obvious.

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Cytokines Neutrophils Kupffer cells Pulmonary injury

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Systemic analysis of metabolome reconfiguration in Arabidopsis after abiotic stressors uncovers metabolites that modulate defense against pathogens

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Plant Communications 2024年第1期5卷 55-68页

作者： Antoni Garcia-molina Victoria pastor Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics(CRAG)CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB C/Vall MorontaEdifici CRAG08193 Bellaterra(Cerdanyola del Valles)BarcelonaSpain Department of Biology Biochemistryand Natural SciencesSchool of Technology and Experimental SciencesUniversitat Jaume I12006 Castellode la PlanaSpain

Understanding plant immune responses is complex because of the high interdependence among biological processes in homeostatic ***,the integration of environmental cues causes network rewiring that interferes with defense ***,plants retain molecular signatures configured under abiotic stress periods to rapidly respond to recurrent stress,and these can alter *** changes imposed by abiotic stressors are persistent,although their impact on defense remains to be *** this study,we profiled metabolomes of Arabidopsis plants under several abiotic stress treatments applied individually or simultaneously to capture temporal trajectories in metabolite composition during adverse conditions and *** systemic analysis was performed to address the relevance of me-tabolome changes and extract central features to be tested in *** results demonstrate irreversibility in major fractions of metabolome changes as a general pattern in response to abiotic stress ***-tionalanalysisofmetabolomesandco-abundancenetworkspoints toconvergence inthereconfigurationof organic acid and secondary metabolite *** mutant lines for components related to these metabolic pathways showed altered defense capacities against different ***,our data suggest that sustained metabolome changes configured in adverse environments can act as mod-ulators of immune responses and provide evidence for a new layer of regulation in plant defense.

关键词： abiotic stress Arabidopsis biotic stress combinatorial stress metabolomics systems biology

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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter J.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham R.SCOTT catherine m.IVY Department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)*** studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and Gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same *** observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size North America Rodentia sensory evolution

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Canine on the Couch:The New Canary in the Coal mine for Environmental Health Research

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Environment & Health 2024年第8期2卷 517-529页

作者： catherine F.Wise matthew Breen Heather m.Stapleton Nicholas School of the Environment Duke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina 27708United States Duke Cancer Institute DurhamNorth Carolina 27710United States Department of molecular Biomedical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State University1060 William Moore DriveRaleighNorth Carolina 27607United States Comparative medicine Institute North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth Carolina 27607United States Center for Human Health and the Environment North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth Carolina 27607United States

Human health is intimately connected and tied to the health of our environment and ecosystem,with only a very small fraction of the risk for chronic diseases explained by genetics *** animals are prone to disease types that are shared with people,including cancers and endocrine disorders,reinforcing the thought that environmental factors contribute to the risks for chronic *** factors include air and water pollution and the built *** such,there is increasing interest in pursuing research with companion animals,and specifically dogs,as sentinel species to inform comparative health assessments and identify risk factors for *** the canine diseases for which environmental exposure research has been published,cancers have received the most *** review summarizes two main aspects of this comparative approach:(1)cancers that occur in dogs and which are similar to humans and(2)research investigating environmental exposures and health outcomes in *** goal of this review is to highlight the diverse conditions in which pet dogs may provide unique perspectives and advantages to examine relationships between environmental exposures and health outcomes,with an emphasis on chemical pollution and ***,this review seeks to raise awareness and stimulate discussion around the best practices for the use of companion animals as environmental health sentinels.

关键词： sentinels dogs environmental health comparative oncology cancer alternative models environmental exposure

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Limosilactobacillus mucosae FZJTZ26m3 prevents NAFLD in mice through modulation of lipid metabolism and gut microbiota dysbiosis

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1589-1601页

作者： Danting Dang Bowen Li mengfan Ding RPaul Ross catherine Stanton Jianxin Zhao Bo Yang Wei Chen State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China International Joint Research Center for Probiotics&Gut Health Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China APC microbiome Ireland University College CorkCork T12 YT20Ireland Teagasc Food Research Centre MooreparkFermoyCork T12 YT20Ireland National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China

Lactobacillus are considered promising therapeutic methods for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).The effects of two strains of Ltmosilactobacillus mucosae on NAFLD were investigated in this ***-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups(n=8 per group,Control,model,FZJTZ26m3,FGSYC17L3).*** FZJTZ26m3 reduced the mice 's body weight,liver weight,and adipose tissue weight after 12 weeks of *** to serum analysis,total cholesterol,triacylglycerol,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased after *** FZJTZ26m3 *** pathology showed that *** FZJTZ26m3 was effective to ameliorate lipid deposition in NAFLD ***,the expression of the gene related to lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue was analyzed,and the results indicated that *** FZJTZ26m3 could alleviate NAFLD by regulating lipid ***,the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a drop in the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae,which is linked to inflammation,but the relative abundance of a potential probiotic Akkermansia significantly increased after *** FZJTZ26m3 ***,*** FZJTZ26m3 could be a candidate to prevent NAFLD.

关键词： Limosilactobacillus mucosae Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) Probiotic Lipid metabolism Gut microbiota

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Optimization and Characterization of Cellulose Extraction from Grevillea robusta (Silky Oak) Leaves by Soda-Anthraquinone Pulping Using Response Surface methodology

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2024年第3期14卷 43-65页

作者： catherine N. muya John m. Onyari Lydia W. Njenga Joab O. Onyango Wilson m. Gitari Department of Chemistry The University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya School of Chemical and material Science The Technical University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya

Response surface methodology (RSm) using the central composite design (CCD) was applied to examine the impact of soda-anthraquinone pulping conditions on Grevillea robusta fall leaves. The pulping factors studied were: NaOH charge 5% to 20% w/v, pulping time 30 to 180 minutes, and the anthraquinone charge 0.1 to 0.5% w/w based on the oven-dried leaves. The responses evaluated were the pulp yield, cellulose content, and the degree of delignification. Various regression models were used to evaluate the effects of varying the pulping conditions. The optimum conditions attained were;NaOH charge of 14.63%, 0.1% anthraquinone, and a pulping period of 154 minutes, corresponding to 20.68% pulp yield, 80.56% cellulose content, and 70.34% lignin removal. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), was used to determine the most important variables that improve the extraction process of cellulose. The experiment outcomes matched those predicted by the model (Predicted R2 = 0.9980, Adjusted R2 = 0.9994), demonstrating the adequacy of the model used. FTIR analysis confirmed the elimination of the non-cellulosic fiber constituents. The lignin and hemicellulose-related bands (around 1514 cm−1, 1604 cm−1, 1239 cm−1, and 1734 cm−1) decreased with chemical treatment, indicating effective cellulose extraction by the soda-anthraquinone method. Similar results were obtained by XRD, SEm and thermogravimetric analysis of the extracted cellulose. Therefore, Grevillea robusta fall leaves are suitable renewable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly non-wood biomass for cellulose extraction.

关键词： Cellulose Extraction Response Surface methodology Central Composite Design Delignification

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Distribution of atrial cardiomyopathy markers and association with atrial fibrillation detected after ischaemic stroke in the SAFAS study

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第2期9卷 165-173,I0426,I0427页

作者： Romain Didier Lucie Garnier Gauthier Duloquin Alexandre meloux Audrey Sagnard mathilde Graber Geoffrey Dogon Karim Benali Thibaut Pommier Gabriel Laurent catherine Vergely Yannick Bejot Charles Guenancia Cardiology CHU Dijon BourgogneDijonFrance Dijon Stroke Registry Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital Centre DijonDijonFrance PEC 2 Universitéde BourgogneDijonFrance Cardiology CHU Saint EtienneSaint EtienneFrance

Background Atrial cardiomyopathy(AC)is an emerging concept explaining the pathophysiology of cardioembolic strokes in absence of atrial fibrillation(AF).A definition based on the presence of electrical abnormality(P-wave terminal force in lead V1(PTFV1)>5000µV×ms),N-Terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT pro BNP)>250pg/mL and/or indexed left atrial diameter(LADI)>3cm/m^(2)is currently tested in the ARCADIA(AtRial Cardiopathy and Antithrombotic Drugs In prevention After cryptogenic stroke)*** set out to estimate the prevalence of AC as defined in the ARCADIA trial,its determinants and its association with AF detected after stroke(AFDAS).methods Stepwise screening for silent Atrial Fibrillation After Stroke(SAFAS)study prospectively included 240 ischaemic stroke *** markers were complete for 192 of them and 9 were not included in this analysis because AF had been diagnosed on *** A total of 183 patients were analysed,of whom 57%(104 patients)met the AC criteria(79 NT-proBNP,47 PTFV1,4 LADI).In the multivariate logistic regression,C reactive protein>3mg/L(OR(95%CI)2.60(1.30 to 5.21),p=0.007)and age(OR(95%CI)1.07(1.04 to 1.10),pmonths of follow-up,AFDAS was detected in 33%of AC patients and in 14%of the remaining ones(p=0.003).However,AC was not independently associated with AFDAS,contrary to left atrial volume index(>34mL/m^(2),OR 2.35(CI 1.09 to 5.06)p=0029).Conclusion AC as defined in ARCADIA is mostly based on NT pro BNP elevation(76%of patients)and is associated with age and ***,AC was not independently associated with AFDAS at *** ARCADIA trial,which compares aspirin to apixaban in patients with embolic strokes of undetermined source with AC markers and must,therefore be analysed in the light of these limitations.

关键词： atrial cardiomyopathy prevention

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mass spectrometry-based proteomics technology in pancreatic cancer research

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胰腺病学杂志(英文) 2024年第2期07卷 145-163页

作者： Sun Xue Wang Siyuan Wong catherine C.L. First School of Clinical medicine Peking University Health Science Center Peking University Beijing China School of Pharmacy University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin United States State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Clinical Research Institute Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science &amp Peking Union medical College Beijing China Tsinghua-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing China

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has become a significant health concern with increasing incidence and mortality rates over the past few decades. Researchers have turned their attention to cutting-edge mass spectrometry (mS) technology due to its high-throughput and accurate detection capacity, which plays a vital role in understanding the mechanisms and discovering biomarkers for pancreatic diseases. In this review, we comprehensively investigate various methodologies of quantitative and qualitative proteomics mS technologies, alongside bioinformatical platforms employed in pancreatic cancer research. The integration of these optimized approaches provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and disease progression, ultimately facilitating the discovery of potential diagnostic, prognostic biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. The robust mS-based strategy shows promise in paving the way for early diagnosis and personalized medicine for pancreatic cancer patients.

关键词： Biomarkers mass spectrometry Pancreatic cancer Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Proteomics

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