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Oesophageal adenocarcinoma:In the era of extended lymphadenectomy,is the value of neoadjuvant therapy being attenuated?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2021年第10期13卷 1235-1244页

作者： Jin-Soo Park Hans Van der Wall catherine kennedy Gregory L Falk Upper GI Surgery Concord Repatriation General HospitalSydney 2137NSWAustralia Department of Medicine University of Notre DameSydney 2007NSWAustralia CNI Molecular Imaging Notre Dame UniversitySydney 2114NSWAustralia

BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NACT)and oesophagectomy is the standard of care for resectable oesophageal *** outcomes following resection have been improving over time while NACT remain largely ***,a recent meta-analysis of randomized control trials did not demonstrate a survival benefit in adding NACT,raising the possibility that improved surgical techniques may be reducing the perceived effectiveness of *** To compare the effect of addition of NACT to a standardized surgery and lymphadenectomy on overall and disease-free survival in patients undergoing curative oesophagectomy for oesophageal *** Patient data were analysed from a prospectively maintained surgical survival ***,surgical,and survival outcomes were compared between groups according to treatment and nodal *** The data of 243 consecutive patients were identified.79 patients were given NACT and 162 had surgery *** NACT group were younger,and there was less frequent stage I *** survival was similar between NACT and surgery only groups(5YS:48.7%vs 42.5%;P=0.113),as was diseasefree survival(5YS:40.6%vs 39.9%;P=0.635).There were≥30 nodes removed in 46 patients,and<30 in 197 patients,but were otherwise *** was improved survival in patients with≥30 nodes removed than those with<30 nodes(5YS:64.4%vs 40.7%;P=0.015),and a better disease-free survival that neared significance(5YS:54.9%vs 36.6%;P=0.078).CONCLUSION NACT did not appear to affect overall or disease-free ***,an overall survival benefit was observed in patients with≥30 lymph nodes removed,and a benefit in disease-free survival which was not significant.

关键词： Oesophagectomy Oesophageal adenocarcinoma Neoadjuvant chemotherapy Lymphadenectomy Survival outcome Surgical technique

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The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in people with HIV

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 184-196页

作者： Maxine A.Höft Wendy A.Burgers catherine Riou Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa Division of Medical Virology Department of PathologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa

This review examines the intersection of the HIV and SARS-CoV-2 *** with HIV(PWH)are a heterogeneous group that differ in their degree of immune suppression,immune reconstitution,and viral *** COVID-19 in those with wellcontrolled HIV infection poses no greater risk than that for HIV-uninfected individuals,people with advanced HIV disease are more vulnerable to poor COVID-19 ***-19 vaccines are effective and well tolerated in the majority of PWH,though reduced vaccine efficacy,breakthrough infections and faster waning of vaccine effectiveness have been demonstrated in *** is likely a result of suboptimal humoral and cellular immune responses after *** with advanced HIV may also experience prolonged infection that may give rise to new epidemiologically significant variants,but initiation or resumption of antiretroviral therapy(ART)can effectively clear persistent ***-19 vaccine guidelines reflect these increased risks and recommend prioritization for vaccination and additional booster doses for PWH who are moderately to severely *** recommend continued research and monitoring of PWH with SARS-CoV-2 infection,especially in areas with a high HIV burden.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 HIV Immune dysfunction Vaccine efficacy Prolonged infection Immunogenicity

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What do teachers see?Perceptions of school-time physical activity programs on student behavior

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第1期9卷 50-52,F0003页

作者： Jennifer M.Sacheck catherine M.Wright Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Milken Institute School of Public HealthThe George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA Gerald J.and Dorothy R.Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts UniversityBostonMA 02111USA

In the United States, children are not meeting daily recommendationsfor 60 min of moderate・to・vigorous activity.1Because children spend a large portion of their days in school, ithas been further recommended that children accumulate 30 minof their physical activity (PA) during school hours.2 Our previousresearch has demonstrated with objective measures that only8%—9% of elementary school children meet this goal, with anaverage accumulation of 18 min/day.3,4 This finding is of concerngiven the numerous benefits that PA has not only on healthoutcomes,5-8 but also on academic achievement.9 For example,there is heightened awareness that children benefit from PAthroughout the school day in terms of attention to task, memory,behavior, and, ultimately, academic performance.10 Schooladministrators acknowledge this link, but still face barriers toincorporating PA for schoolchildren, including limited time andresources for physical education (PE) and recess.

关键词： spend behavior school

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Effects of biscuit-type feeding supplementation on the neurocognitive outcomes of HIV-affected school-age children:a randomized,double-blind,controlled intervention trial in Kenya

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2017年第4期5卷 245-258页

作者： Kek Khee Loo Shemra Rizzo Qiaolin Chen Robert E.Weiss catherine A.Sugar Grace Ettyang Judith Ernst Goleen Samari Charlotte G.Neumann Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center Department of Pediatrics1526 Edgemont Street5th FloorLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Statistics University of CaliforniaRiverside1438 Olmsted Hall900 University AvenueRiversideCAUSA Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation One Health Plaza337/A03.3CEast HanoverNJUSA Department of Biostatistics UCLA Fielding School of Public Health650 Charles Young Drive SouthLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA School of Public Health Moi UniversityP.O.Box 4606EldoretKenya Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Indiana University School of Health and RehabilitationColeman HallCF 2241140 W.Michigan StreetIndianapolisINUSA Population Research Center University of Texas at Austin305 E.23rd StreetStop G1800AustinTXUSA Department of Community Health Sciences UCLA Fielding School of Public Health650 Charles Young Drive SouthLos AngelesCAUSA

Objective:To determine if meat or soy protein dietary supplementation will enhance the neuro-cognitive performance of HIV-affected children at-risk of malnutrition and food ***:A randomized,double-blind,controlled intervention trial evaluated the effect of nu-tritional supplementation on the neurocognitive outcomes of 49 HIV-affected school-age children in western *** intervention consisted in providing the mother,target child,and siblings with one of three isocaloric biscuit-type supplements-soy,wheat,or beef-on 5 days per week for 18 *** outcomes of the target children were assessed by a battery of eight measures and followed up longitudinally for up to 24 ***:Mixed effects modeling demonstrated significant differences in the rates of increase over time among all three groups(F test degrees of freedom of 2,P<0.05)for Raven’s progressive matrices performance,but not for verbal meaning,arithmetic,digit span backward,forward,and total,embedded figure test,and Beery visual-motor integration ***:HIV-affected school-age children provided with soy protein supplementation showed greater improvement in nonverbal cognitive(fluid intelligence)performance compared with peers who received isocaloric beef or wheat *** nutrients may have an enhancing effect on neurocognitive skills in HIV-affected school-age children.

关键词： Neurocognition neurodevelopment malnutrition HIV nutrition Africa animal source foods meat soy proteins

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