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Risk factors for liver disease among adults of mexican descent in the United States and mexico

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第37期24卷 4281-4290页

作者： Yvonne N Flores Zuo-Feng Zhang Roshan Bastani mei Leng catherine m Crespi Paula Ramírez-Palacios Heather Stevens Jorge Salmerón Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud Delegación MorelosInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialCuernavacaMorelos 62000México UCLA Department of Health Policy and management and Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity Fielding School of Public HealthLos AngelesCA 90095United States UCLA Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterLos AngelesCA 90095United States UCLA Division of General Internal medicine and Health Services Research Los AngelesCA 90095United States UCLA Department of Biostatistics Fielding School of Public HealthLos AngelesCA 90095United States University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWA 98195United States Universidad Nacional Autónoma de méxico Academic Epidemiology Research UnitAvenida Universidad 3000Ciudad UniversitariaCoyoacánMexico City 04510México Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional Instituto Nacional de Salud PúblicaCuernavacaMorelos 62100México

AIm To compare the prevalence of chronic liver disease(CLD) risk factors in a representative sample of mexicanAmericans born in the United States(US) or mexico, to a sample of adults in *** Data for mexican-Americans in the US were obtained from the 1999-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES), which includes persons of mexican origin living in the US(n = 4274). The NHANES sample was restricted to mexican-American participants who were 20 years and older, born in the US or mexico, not pregnant or breastfeeding, and with medical *** data in mexico were obtained from the 2004-2013 Health Worker Cohort Study in Cuernavaca, mexico(n =9485). The following known risk factors for liver disease/cancer were evaluated: elevated aminotransferase levels(elevated alanine aminotransferase was defined as > 40 IU/L for males and females; elevated aspartate aminotransferase was defined as > 40 IU/L for males and females), infection with hepatitis B or hepatitis C,metabolic syndrome, high total cholesterol, diabetes,obesity, abdominal obesity, and heavy alcohol use. The main independent variables for this study classified individuals by country of residence(i.e., mexico vs the US) and place of birth(i.e., US-born vs mexico-born).Regression analyses were used to investigate CLD risk *** After adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics,mexican-American males were more likely to be obese,diabetic, heavy/binge drinkers or have abdominal obesity than males in mexico. The adjusted multivariate results for females also indicate that mexican-American females were significantly more likely to be obese, diabetic, be heavy/binge drinkers or have abdominal obesity than mexican females. The prevalence ratios and prevalence differences mirror the multivariate analysis findings for the aforementioned risk factors, showing a greater risk among US-born as compared to mexico-born mexicanAmericans. CONCLUSION In this study, mexican-Americans i

关键词： Liver disease Risk factors Health disparities mexico mexican Americans Latinos

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Nurses' views of fundamental relational skills used in clinical practice: a cross-sectional pilot study

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Frontiers of Nursing 2021年第3期8卷 223-232页

作者： Fiona Timmins Jan m.A.de Vries Yvonne muldowney catherine mc Cabe Jacqueline Whelan Sinead Buckley Sandra mcCarthy The School of Nursing and midwifery Trinity CollegeDublin 2Ireland Portlaoise General Hospital BallyroanPortlaoiseCo.LaoisIreland

Objective:Effective communication skills are one of the core competencies of nursing curricula *** are generally regarded as *** our complete trust in the profession,deficiencies and gaps ***,it is not clear to which extent nurses use key communication skills in practice,and whether or not confident in using these skills compounds environmental issues that *** study explored nurse’s confidence and application of relational skills competencies in nursing ***:A 13-item online survey was used to collect ***:Being self-aware on key areas where there was more *** also lacked confidence in exploring the impact of their personal feelings and values on their *** were also less confident on responding appropriately to instances of unsafe or unprofessional practice and using information and communication systems and ***:Given the potential impact of poor relational skills on quality client care,an increased emphasis on caring and compassion,and the ever-expanding use of communication technologies,there is a need to explore the need for reflective practice to enhance continuous professional development for nurses to enhance their relational skills.

关键词： communication relational nurse caring nursing competencies technology listening

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Group A streptococcal antigen exposed rat model to investigate neurobehavioral and cardiac complications associated with post-streptococcal autoimmune sequelae

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Animal models and Experimental medicine 2021年第2期4卷 151-161页

作者： Rukshan A.m.Rafeek catherine m.Lobbe Ethan C.Wilkinson Adam S.Hamlin Nicholas m.Andronicos David J.mcmillan Kadaba S.Sriprakash Natkunam Ketheesan School of Science&Technology University of New EnglandArmidaleNSWAustralia School of Science TechnologyEngineering and Genecology Research CentreUniversity of the Sunshine CoastMaroochydore DCQLDAustralia QImR Berghofer medical Research Institute HerstonQLDAustralia

Background:The neuropsychiatric disorders due to post-streptococcal autoimmune complications such as Sydenham's chorea(SC)are associated with acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease(ARF/RHD).An animal model that exhibits char-acteristics of both cardiac and neurobehavioral defects in ARF/RHD would be an important adjunct for future *** age,gender,strain differences,and geno-types impact on the development of autoimmunity,we investigated the behavior of male and female Wistar and Lewis rat strains in two age cohorts(6 weeks and 12 weeks)under normal husbandry conditions and following exposure to group A streptococcus(GAS).methods:Standard behavioral assessments were performed to determine the impair-ments in fine motor control(food manipulation test),gait and balance(beam walk-ing test),and obsessive-compulsive behavior(grooming and marble burying tests).Furthermore,electrocardiography,histology,and behavioral assessments were per-formed on male and female Lewis rats injected with GAS ***:For control Lewis rats there were no significant age and gender dependent differences in marble burying,food manipulation,beam walking and grooming *** contrast significant age-dependent differences were observed in Wistar rats in all the behavioral tests except for food ***,Lewis rats were selected for further experiments to determine the effect of *** ex-posure to GAS,Lewis rats demonstrated neurobehavioral abnormalities and cardiac pathology akin to SC and ARF/RHD,***:We have characterised a new model that provides longitudinal stability of age-dependent behavior,to simultaneously investigate both neurobehavioral and cardiac abnormalities associated with post-streptococcal complications.

关键词： animal model group A streptococcus Lewis rats paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections(PANDAS) rheumatic fever rheumatic heart disease sydenham chorea(SC)

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Superior mesenteric Artery Syndrome: First Chadian Observation

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Surgical Science 2017年第8期8卷 358-364页

作者： Choua Ouchemi Ali mahamat moussa moussa Kalli Taday moussa Telniaret Armel Sadie Ismael guire Sani Rachid Service de Chirurgie Générale H&ocirc pital Général de Référence Nationale (HGRN) N’Djaména Tchad Service de médecine Interne et Gastroentérologie H&ocirc pital Général de Référence Nationale (HGRN) N’Djaména Tchad Service de Radiologie H&ocirc pital Général de Référence Nationale (HGRN) N’Djaména Tchad Université Abdou moumouni Niamey Niger

Introduction: The extrinsic compression of the third portion of the duodenum between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta defines superior mesenteric artery syndrome. It determines an acute or chronic high intestinal obstruction pattern. We report the first observed case in Chad. Observation: HH was a 19 year-old woman with abdominal pain and intermittent postprandial vomiting since she was 5 years old. During last 11 months, post-prandial vomiting was more frequent, and non resolved after medical treatment. Unquantified weight loss was reported. Body mass index at hospitalization was 9.8. An injected abdominal scan demonstrated significant gastroduodenal distension, upstream of a stenosis of the third duodenal portion. Aorto-mesenteric space and angle were reduced. At laparotomy internal derivation by duodenojejunostomy was done. Postoperative situation was uneventful. Conclusion: Superior mesenteric artery syndrome determines an acute or chronic intestinal obstruction. Injected abdominal scan is fundamental for diagnosis. The treatment is firstly conservative but the need of surgery is common.

关键词： Superior mesenteric Artery Syndrome Intestinal Obstruction Duodenojejunostomy Chad

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Health-education to prevent COVID-19 in schoolchildren: a call to action

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第4期9卷 142-144页

作者： Darren J.Gray Johanna Kurscheid mary Lorraine mationg Gail m.Williams catherine Gordon matthew Kelly Kinley Wangdi Donald P.mcmanus Department of Global Health Research School of Population HealthAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralia School of Public Health University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Infectious Diseases Division QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia

Background:There is currently considerable international debate around school closures/openings and the role of children in the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Whilst evidence suggests that children are not impacted by COVID-19 as severely as adults,little is still known about their transmission potential,and with a lot of asymptomatic cases they may be silent transmitters(*** without showing clinical signs of disease),albeit at a lower level than *** relation to this,it is somewhat concerning that in many countries children are cared for,or are often in close contact with,older individuals such as grandparents—the age group most at risk of acquiring serious respiratory complications resulting in *** text:We emphasise that in the absence of a vaccine or an effective therapeutic drug,preventive measures such as good hygiene practices—hand washing,cough etiquette,disinfection of surfaces and social distancing represent the major(in fact only)weapons that we have against ***,we stress that there is a pressing need to develop specific COVID-19 prevention messages for ***:An entertainment education intervention for schoolchildren systematically implemented in schools would be highly effective and fill this *** such measures in place there would be greater confidence around the opening of schools.

关键词： COVID-19 Children Health education Health promotion Prevention

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Knowledge about HIV and AIDS among Young Women

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Open Journal of Nursing 2015年第6期5卷 558-565页

作者： catherine m. Ngoma Janetta Roos Seter Siziya Department of Nursing Sciences School of Medicine University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Department of Health Studies University of South Africa Pretoria South Africa Department of Community medicine School of Medicine University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia

HIV and AIDS are a major health concern among women worldwide. It is important that women especially youths are educated about HIV and AIDS because they represent a window of opportunity for reversing HIV rates if effective prevention programs can reach them before they engage in risky sexual behaviour. Women are more vulnerable to HIV infection than men and play a central role in the concept of the family, in nurturing, protecting, and caring for the family. The aim of the study was to explore HIV and AIDS knowledge among young women. A qualitative exploratory approach using focus group discussions was used and content analysis was used to interpret the data. A total of 8 focus group discussions were conducted two study sites intervention and control site. The analysis revealed 6 themes namely definition of HIV and AIDS, seriousness of HIV and AIDS in the community, signs and symptoms, transmission of HIV, cure for HIV and AIDS and prevention. The findings showed that some participants had knowledge deficit on HIV and AIDS, therefore continued community sensitisation is essential.

关键词： Knowledge HIV AIDS Young Women

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Professional opinion on the question of changes in autism incidence

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2013年第2期3卷 61-67页

作者： m. catherine DeSoto Robert T. Hitlan University of Northern Iowa Cedar Falls USA

The question of whether the prevalence increase observed in autism due to an actual increase in the incidence of autism is a matter of concern to professional psychologists, and has been a matter of debate. As professionals trained in diagnosis and research methodology, the opinions of psychologists are of interest. We report the results of what we believe to be the first survey of professional opinion on the topic. Results suggest that among professional psychologists with a terminal degree (n = 88), the majority believe that diagnostic changes can not fully account for the observed increase;72% reported either the true rate may have, or definitely has, increased. In this sample, the professionals who are certain about the occurrence of a real increase (n=20) are five times as many as those who do not think the increase has occurred (n=4). These results are not meant to document whether or not an increase has or has not occurred, but instead speak to the question of consensus opinion among professional psychologists. What experts believe is an empirical question, and statements about what experts believe should be empirically based.

关键词： Counselor Attitudes Professional Opinion ASD Autism Prevalence Autism

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Fish Consumption Advisories and the Surprising Relationship to Prevalence Rate of Developmental Disability as Reported by Public Schools

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2012年第11期3卷 1579-1589页

作者： m. catherine DeSoto Robert T. Hitlan University of Northern Iowa Cedar Falls USA

According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), fish consumption is the most significant route of mercury exposure, and the concern is greatest for women of childbearing age due to the potential for neurodevelopmental effects on a developing fetus. Rates of developmental disorders vary. But in 2008 it was demonstrated that the rate of autism is higher near industries that emit heavy metals. Furthermore past research findings can be taken to show that where a pregnancy occurred may predict later autism likelihood in the offspring more than where diagnosis occurs. If mercury plays any role in developmental disabilities, the rate of disability should relate to any reliable direct measure of contamination. The current research focuses on one index of environmental mercury contamination. Specifically, mercury-related fish advisories are found to be a surprisingly strong predictor of a state’s autism rate, r = 0.48, p mains strong after controlling for student to teacher ratio and per pupil spending. It is argued that a secular increase in autism has been occurring and that prenatal exposure to heavy metal toxins may play a significant role. Because we suspect this finding may be of some interest, the full data set is provided in the appendix so that researchers can independently analyze the key findings which rely on CDC, EPA and IDEA data sets.

关键词： mercury Prenatal Autism ASD Seafood Diet Environmental Health Environmental mercury Exposure and Prevalence Rate of Autism as Reported by Public Schools

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The Genetic Dissection of a Short-Term Response to Low CO_(2) Supports the Possibility for Peroxide-mediated Decarboxylation of Photorespiratory Intermediates in the Peroxisome

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molecular Plant 2012年第6期5卷 1413-1416页

作者： Olivier Keech Wenxu Zhou Ricarda Fenske catherine Colas-des-Francs-Small John D.Bussell murray R.Badger Steven m.Smith Centres of Excellence for Plant metabolomics and Plant Energy Biology University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWestern Australia 6009Australia UPSC Department of Plant PhysiologyUmea University90187UmeaSweden metabolomics Australia University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWestern Australia 6009Australia Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversitySullivans Creek RoadActon ACT 0200Australia

Dear Editor, Photorespiration reduces plant carbon assimilation by an estimated 25%-50% of net CO2 assimilation in typical C3 plants （Roussel and Igamberdiev, 2011）. It results from the oxygenase activity of Rubisco giving rise to phosphogly- colate. Subsequent photorespiratory metabolism involves decarboxylation of glycine in the mitochondrion and reduc- tion of hydroxypyruvate, usually assumed to occur in the peroxisome. Recent research in Arabidopsis has highlighted possible alternative sites of hydroxypyruvate reductase （HPR） activity （Figure 1A）. In addition to the accepted reduction by peroxisomal HPR1, Timm et al. （2008） identified cytosolic HPR2 and a putative chloroplast HPR3 （Timm et al., 2011）. For HPR2 or HPR3 to function in photorespiration, hydroxypyru- vate would first need to pass from the peroxisome into the cytosol. Another potential fate for hydroxypyruvate is its non-enzymic （NE） decarboxylation by reaction with hydrogen peroxide as previously suggested by experiments performed on isolated peroxisomes （Walton and Butt, 1981）.

关键词： HYDROXYPYRUVATE REDUCTASE OXIDATIVE STRESS IRON-DEFICIENCY ABSENCE CAUSES ARABIDOPSIS CATALASE PLANTS PHOTOSYNTHESIS STOICHIOmETRY mETABOLISm

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Clinical Supervision of midwifery Students at the University Teaching Hospital School of Nursing and midwifery in Lusaka, Zambia

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Open Journal of Nursing 2018年第6期8卷 372-389页

作者： Naomi Bweupe catherine m. Ngoma Brenda Sianchapa Lusaka Schools of Nursing Midwifery and Theatre Nursing Lusaka Zambia University of Zambia School of Nursing Sciences Lusaka Zambia

Introduction: Clinical supervision plays a significant role in the acquisition of psychomotor skills by student midwives during training leading to the provision of high quality midwifery care. However, the acquisition of the psychomotor skills required for successful practice and learning can only be acquired if student midwives are supported and guided by clinical supervisors in their learning environments. main Objective: The main objective of the study was to determine factors influencing clinical supervision of Student midwives in Lusaka Urban District. methodology: A cross-sectional study design that employed both quantitative and qualitative methods was used. The study population comprised 124 Nurses and midwives working in Lusaka urban District. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from the Nurses and midwives and a focus group discussion guide was used to guide discussions with the student midwives at Lusaka College of Nursing and midwifery and a total of three focus group discussions were conducted. Quantitative data were entered into by Statistical Package Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 for windows. Chi-square test was used to test associations among variables. The confidence interval was set at 95% with a significance level of 0.05. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis to classify words into themes and categories by looking for repeated ideas or patterns of thoughts. Results: The findings showed that a high percentage of the clinical supervisors (89.5%) had not been trained in clinical supervision and most respondents had moderate knowledge on clinical supervision of students. majority of the respondents (63%) exhibited inadequate supervision skills. The attitudes of all the supervisors towards supervision were positive. A large percentage of respondents (73%) were competent in clinical supervision. However the learning environment considered to be poor by most respondents (61%). The study revealed a significant

关键词： Clinical Supervision Student midwives Knowledge Attitude Competence/Skills and Learning Environment

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