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New trends in diagnosis and management of gallbladder carcinoma

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第1期16卷 13-29页

作者： efstathios T Pavlidis Ioannis N Galanis Theodoros e Pavlidis ^(nd)Propedeutic Department of Surgery Hippokration General HospitalSchool of MedicineAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54642Greece

Gallbladder(GB)carcinoma,although relatively rare,is the most common biliary tree cholangiocarcinoma with aggressiveness and poor *** is closely associated with cholelithiasis and long-standing large(>3 cm)gallstones in up to 90%of *** other main predisposing factors for GB carcinoma include molecular factors such as mutated genes,GB wall calcification(porcelain)or mainly mucosal microcalcifications,and GB polyps≥1 cm in *** is made by ultrasound,computed tomography(CT),and,more precisely,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Preoperative staging is of great importance in decisionmaking regarding therapeutic *** staging is based on MRI findings,the leading technique for liver metastasis imaging,enhanced three-phase CT angiography,or magnetic resonance angiography for major vessel *** is also necessary to use positron emission tomography(PeT)-CT or ^(18)F-FDG PeT-MRI to more accurately detect metastases and any other occult deposits with active metabolic *** laparoscopy may detect dissemination not otherwise found in 20%-28.6%of *** treatment is needed,including surgical resection,targeted therapy by biological agents according to molecular testing gene mapping,chemotherapy,radiation therapy,and *** is of great importance to understand the updated guidelines and current treatment *** extent of surgical intervention depends on the disease stage,ranging from simple cholecystectomy(T1a)to extended resections and including extended cholecystectomy(T1b),with wide lymph node resection in every case or IV-V segmentectomy(T2),hepatic trisegmentectomy or major hepatectomy accompanied by hepaticojejunostomy Roux-Y,and adjacent organ resection if necessary(T3).Laparoscopic or robotic surgery shows fewer postoperative complications and equivalent oncological outcomes when compared to open surgery,but much attention must be paid to avoiding *** addition to surgery,novel targe

关键词： Biliary tract neoplasms extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Gallbladder carcinoma Gallbladder diseases Biliary tree diseases Gastrointestinal malignancies

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Phase separation of S-RNase promotes self-incompatibility in Petunia hybrida

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第5期66卷 986-1006页

作者： Huayang Tian Hongkui Zhang Huaqiu Huang Yu'e Zhang Yongbiao Xue The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biologythe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Beiing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of SciencesNational Center for BioinformationBeijing 100101China

Self-incompatibility(SI)is an intraspecific reproductive barrier widely present in *** SI system with the broadest occurrence in angiosperms is based on an S-RNase linked to a cluster of multiple S-locus F-box(SLF)genes found in the Solanaceae,Plantaginaceae,Rosaceae,and *** studies reveal that non-self S-RNase is degraded by the Skip Cullin F-box(SCF)SLF-mediated ubiquitin–proteasome system in a collaborative manner in Petunia,but how self-RNase functions largely remains ***,we show that S-RNases form S-RNase condensates(SRCs)in the self-pollen tube cytoplasm through phase separation and the disruption of SRC formation breaks SI in self-incompatible Petunia *** further find that the pistil SI factors of a small asparagine-rich protein HT-B and thioredoxin h together with a reduced state of the pollen tube all promote the expansion of SRCs,which then sequester several actin-binding proteins,including the actin polymerization factor PhABRACL,the actin polymerization activity of which is reduced by S-RNase in ***,we find that S-RNase variants lacking condensation ability fail to recruit PhABRACL and are unable to induce actin foci formation required for pollen tube growth *** together,our results demonstrate that phase separation of S-RNase promotes SI response in ***,revealing a new mode of S-RNase action.

关键词： self-incompatibility S-RNase phase separation

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Immunotherapy of gastric cancer:Present status and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第8期30卷 779-793页

作者： John K Triantafillidis Manousos M Konstadoulakis Apostolos e Papalois Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit “Metropolitan General”HospitalHolargos 15562AtticaGreece.Hellenic Society for Gastrointestinal Oncology354 Iera OdosChaidari 12461AtticaGreece Second Department of Surgery University of Athens School of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528AtticaGreece Unit of Surgical Research and Training Second Department of SurgeryUniversity of AthensSchool of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528AtticaGreece

In this editorial,we comment on the article entitled“Advances and key focus areas in gastric cancer immunotherapy:A comprehensive scientometric and clinical trial review(1999-2023),”which was published in the recent issue of the World Journal of *** focused on the results of the authors’bibliometric analysis concerning gastric cancer immunotherapy,which they analyzed in depth by compiling the relevant publications of the last 20 *** that,we briefly describe the most recent data concerning the epidemiological parameters of gastric cancer(GC)in different countries,attempting to give an interpretation based on the etiological factors involved in the etiopathogenesis of the *** then briefly discuss the conservative treatment(chemotherapy)of the various forms of this malignant *** describe the treatment of resectable tumors,locally advanced neoplasms,and unresectable(advanced)*** attention is given to modern therapeutic approaches with emphasis on immunotherapy,which seems to be the future of GC treatment,especially in combination with *** is also a thorough analysis of the results of the study under review in terms of the number of scientific publications,the countries in which the studies were conducted,the authors,and the scientific centers of origin,as well as the clinical studies in ***,an attempt is made to draw some conclusions and to point out possible future directions.

关键词： Gastric cancer Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Immune checkpoint inhibitors Bibliometrics Scientometrics

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An STP look at logical blocking of finite state machines: formulation, detection, and search

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第10期67卷 332-342页

作者： Yongyi YAN Penglei HAO Jumei YUe Haitao LI Jun-e FeNG College of Information engineering Henan University of Science and Technology College of Agricultural equipment engineering Henan University of Science and Technology School of Mathematics and Statistics Shandong Normal University School of Mathematics Shandong University

The logical blocking of finite state machines(FSMs) is examined at the three levels of formulation,detection, and search from an STP viewpoint(semi-tensor product of matrices). The research idea regards an FSM as a logical system. The realizing method treats the event sequence exciting an FSM as the input signal of a logical system and treats the current states of an FSM as the states of a logical system. Based on a recently developed bilinear dynamic model of FSMs, a difference equation-like model is first proposed to describe the logical blocking. By defining a loop structure of FSMs and using the difference equation-like model, a criterion is built by which whether a given FSM is blocking can be easily judged. If it is, several algorithms are designed to find all the logical blocking of the FSM. Further, these results are extended to apply to the case of nondeterministic FSMs and, thus, to networks of FSMs. The proposed STP approach may provide a new angle for considering the problems of FSMs, and the presented results may strengthen the links between systems governed by human-designed rules and systems governed by natural laws.

关键词： semi-tensor product of matrices STP matrix approach finite-valued systems logical systems logical networks finite state machines

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Liquid surface depression and bubble generation by acoustic radiation

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Droplet 2024年第3期3卷 65-70页

作者： Zilong Fang Kai-Tak Wan Mohammad e.Taslim Mechanical and Industrial engineering Department Northeastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA

Liquid surfaces can be depressed by applying acoustic radiation force. The balancebetween the acoustic radiation force, surface tension force, and buoyantforce sustainsthe stable dimple depression. Beyond a certain threshold, higher acoustic radiationforce leads to instability and bubble formation. The bubble size is determined by theacoustic radiation force and the liquid surface tension. effective management of bubble generation can be achieved by controlling acoustic radiation *** methodfor creating depression on liquid surfaces and generating bubbles is described, whichrequires neither gas supply nor direct contact with equipment.

关键词： force. bubble generating

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Nanomotion of bacteria to determine metabolic profile

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Nanotechnology and Precision engineering 2024年第1期7卷 1-9页

作者： S.N.Pleskova e.V.Lazarenko N.A.Bezrukov R.N.Kriukov A.V.Boryakov M.e.Dokukin S.I.Surodin Research Laboratory of Scanning Probe Microscopy Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny NovgorodNizhny Novgorod 603950Russia Department of Nanotechnology and Biotechnology Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a.R.E.AlekseevNizhny Novgorod 603950Russia Sarov Physics and Technology Institute National Research Nuclear University MEPhISarov 607186Russia

In addition to their visible motion such as swimming(e.g.,with the help ofﬂagella),bacteria can also exhibit nanomotion that is detectable only with highly sensitive instruments,and this study shows that it is possible to detect bacterial nanomotion using an AFM detection *** results show that the nanomotion characteristics depend on the bacterial strain,and that nanomotion can be used to sense the metabolic activity of bacteria because the oscillations are sensitive to the food preferences of the bacteria and the type of surrounding medium.

关键词： Nanomotion Bacteria Cantilever Oscillation Atomic force microscopy Metabolism

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High Impact Polylactide Based on Organosilicon Nucleation Agent

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第6期42卷 787-797页

作者： Daria Pakuła Bogna Sztorch eliza Romańczuk-Ruszuk Bogdan Marciniec Robert e.Przekop Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznańUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 861-614PoznańPoland Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznańUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 1061-614PoznańPoland Institute of Biomedical engineering Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringBialystok University of TechnologyWiejska 45C15-351BialystokPoland

Various sectors of the industry are searching for new materials with specific requirements,providing improved *** study presents novel composite materials based on polylactide that have been modified with the organosilicon compound,(3-thiopropyl)polysilsesquioxane(SSQ-SH).The SSQ-SH compound is a mixture of cage structures and not fully condensed random *** composite materials were obtained through injection *** study includes a comprehensive characterization of the new materials that analyze their functional properties,such as rheology(MFR),mechanical strength(tensile strength,Charpy impact strength),and thermal *** microscopic photos were also taken to analyze the microstructure of the *** addition of a 5%by-weight organosilicon compound to polylactide resulted in a significant increase in MFR by 73.8%compared to the neat *** greatest improvement in impact strength was achieved for the 5%SSQ-SH/PLA composite,increasing it by 32.0 kJ/m^(2)compared to PLA,which represents an increase of up to 187%.The conducted research confirms the possibility of modifying the properties of the polymer by employing organosilicon compounds.

关键词： Octa(3-thiopropyl)silsesquioxane 8SH-POSS Polylactide(PLA) Injection moulding Composites

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When Fleeing Matters:Differences in escape Behaviours of Three Northeast Asian Anurans

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Asian Herpetological Research 2024年第1期15卷 41-48页

作者： Yoonjung YI Zoljargal PUReVDORJ Irina MASLOVA Yikweon JANG Amaël BORZÉe Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation College of Life SciencesNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037JiangsuChina Division of ecoScience and Department of Life Sciences Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul 03760Republic of Korea Department of Biology School of MathematicsMongolian State University of EducationUlaanbaatar 210648Mongolia Department of Forest and environmental Resources Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Federal Scientific Center of the east Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesVladivostok 690022Russia

Prey species may have their own optimal escape strategy to balance predation risks and the energetic cost of *** species have an advantage when maintaining a short fleeing distance,while others may favour an earlier escape based on microhabitat,size,or body ***,we examined the escape behaviour of the three syntopic Northeast Asian anuran species:Mongolian toads(Strauchbufo raddei),Amur brown frogs(Rana amurensis),and Japanese treefrogs(Dryophytes japonicus)in Mongolia,Russia,China and DPR *** examined flight initiation distance(FID;the distance from a potential predator to the point when the individual starts to flee)and distance fled(DF;distance between flight initiation and flight termination points)of each species and the effects of microhabitat,sex,and body *** raddei and *** had a longer FID than ***,and *** also had a longer DF than *** trends remained similar when dividing FID and DF by a size proxy(snout-vent length)for all *** suggests that the treefrog *** used a strategy to stay immobile even when they were detected,and the toad *** reacted quicker and more sensitively to predators despite the presence of *** *** had a significantly longer FID than males suggesting that females are more sensitive to predation risk in this species,but body size was not significant for any of the three *** results indicate that the three sympatric species have different escaping strategies,likely related to differences in physiology and crypticity.

关键词： amphibian distance fled escape behaviour flight initiation distance predation

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Avian responses to an extreme weather event:The case of the‘Filomena’snowstorm in Madrid(central Spain)

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 180-186页

作者： Carlos Lazaro Carlos Sanchez-García Fabian Casas e.Jorge Tizado Department of Research Fundacion Artemisan13001 Ciudad RealSpain Department of Zoology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain Department of Biodiversity and environmental Management Universidad de Leon24401 PonferradaSpain

Cold spells and severe weather may have detrimental effects in wild birds,but owing to the stochastic nature of these events,it is not always possible to measure their *** January 2021,a strong snowstorm known as‘Filomena’affected Spain,mainly the region of Madrid(Central Spain),which was fully covered with snow and suffered freezing temperatures for a *** bird surveys conducted in the winter-spring of 2020 and 2021(before and after Filomena)at same locations,we addressed the possible impact of the cold spell in three widespread gamebirds:Wood Pigeon(Columba palumbus),eurasian Magpie(Pica pica)and Red-legged Partridge(Alectoris rufa).No significant abundance differences were found between years for none of the species and hunting pressure was only significantly reduced for Partridges,hence this species may have been negatively affected by *** suggest that in response to Filomena,Pigeons conducted partial migration in search of better conditions,while Magpies aggregated in certain areas of Madrid and Partridges endured the harsh conditions within their home *** results highlight the importance to alleviate negative impacts of extreme weather events in wild birds through management actions,especially for sedentary species.

关键词： Alectoris rufa Climate change Cold spell Columba palumbus Migration Pica pica Winter

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Simple collective model for nuclear chiral mode

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第2期19卷 1-5页

作者： R.V.Jolos e.A.Kolganova D.R.Khamitova Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 141980 DubnaMoscow regionRussia Dubna State University 141982 DubnaMoscow RegionRussia

A simple semi-analytical collective model that takes into account the limitations of the variation interval of the collective variable is suggested to describe the chiral dynamics in triaxial odd−odd nuclei with a fixed particle−hole *** collective Hamiltonian is constructed with the potential energy obtained using the postulated ansatz for the wave function symmetric with respect to chiral *** diagonalizing the collective Hamiltonian the wave functions of the lowest states are obtained and the evolution of the energy splitting of the chiral doublets in transition from chiral vibration to chiral rotation regime is demonstrated.

关键词： collective model nuclear chiral

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