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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第4期12卷 610-615页

作者： Thomas Kox catharina lüder Institute of Computer Science Freie Universität Berlin12165BerlinGermany Hans-Ertel-Center for Weather Research Berlin 12165BerlinGermany Department of Geography Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München80333MunichGermany

This article presents the results of a series of ethnographic observations at the Berlin fire brigade control and dispatch center during routine and severe weather *** weather-related challenges of a fire brigade lie between the anticipation of events and their potential consequences,and the ad hoc reactions to actual impacts of *** results show that decisions and actions related to high impact weather are not necessarily motivated by weather warnings ***,they are reactions to the experience of impacts,for example,an increased number of missions or emergency *** are the main trigger for the decision *** is one additional external factor that influences the operational capability of a fire *** commanding officers in a fire brigade control and dispatch center experience weather primarily through technical equipment,verified by ground truth,observations showed that direct personal contact with the regional weather service and colleagues on the ground takes on a greater role in actual severe weather *** observations point to the need for increased interagency communication between the emergency services,the weather service,and other organizations to integrate weather information,impacts,and non-weather-related tasks into coherent weather-related decision making.

关键词： Berlin Emergency services Fire brigades Impact-based emergency response Interagency communication Weather-related decision making

Anticipation and Response: Emergency Services in Severe Weather Situations in Germany

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第1期9卷 116-128页

作者： Thomas Kox catharina lüder lars Gerhold Interdisciplinary Security Research Institute of Computer Science Freie Universitat Berlin Hans-Ertel-Centre for Weather Research Optimal Use of Weather Forecasts

Communicating meteorological uncertainty allows earlier provision of information on possible future events. The desired benefit is to enable the end-user to start with preparatory protective actions at an earlier time based on the end-user's own risk assessment and decision threshold. The presented results of an interview study,conducted with 27 members of German civil protection authorities, show that developments in meteorology and weather forecasting do not necessarily fit the current practices of German emergency services. These practices are mostly carried out based on alarms and ground truth in a superficial reactive manner, rather than on anticipation based on prognoses or forecasts. Emergency managers cope with uncertainty by collecting, comparing, and blending different information about an uncertain event and its uncertain outcomes within the situation assessment to validate the information. Emergency managers struggle most with an increase of emergency calls and missions due to the impacts of severe weather. Because of the additional expenditures, the weather event makes it even harder for them to fulfill their core duties. These findings support the need for impact-based warnings.

关键词： Emergency services Forecast uncertainty Germany Weather warning response Weather warnings

Organizational Changes Needed in Disasters and Public Health Emergencies:A Qualitative Study among Managers at a Major Hospital

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第4期13卷 481-494页

作者： Ingela Wennman catharina Jacobson Eric Carlström Anders Hyltander Amir Khorram‑Manesh Institute of Health and Care Sciences Sahlgrenska AcademyGothenburg University41346GothenburgSweden Preparedness Unit Sahlgrenska University Hospital41305 GothenburgSweden Institute of Clinical Sciences Department of SurgerySahlgrenska AcademyGothenburg University41345GothenburgSweden

Most hospitals have a contingency plan,based on all-risks and all-hazards assessment ***,emerging threats and risks often necessitate a flexible approach to emergency management at several levels of a disaster response system,for example,in ***,and possibly other countries,has limited possibilities of surge capacity in the management of large-scale disasters and emergencies,which necessitates a local/national partnership and a flexible local disaster and contingency *** study evaluates the opinions of a selected managerial group,both at operative and strategic levels,regarding possible changes in a major hospital's contingency plan during the ongoing COVID-19 *** interviews were conducted to explore the elements of surge capacity and an operational tool,consisting of command and control,safety,communication,assessment,triage,treatment,and *** results show a need to create feasible management methods that can be evaluated,establish clear leadership,put preparedness as a constant point on the highest managerial agenda,improve external monitoring,and create a regional coordinating ***,the results emphasize the significant role played by the incident command system and qualified leadership to facilitate competent and crucial medical decision making,as well as to provide reliable communication,collaboration,and coordination in a multi-agency response system during dynamic and unexpected *** steps enable a constant connection between reactive contingency plans and the proactivity in continuous risk assessment and enhance the flexibility of the contingency plans.

关键词： Disaster risks Organizational changes Public health emergencies Sweden

landscape architecture and novel ecosystems:ecological restoration in an expanded field

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 393-401页

作者： catharina Sack Faculty of Architecture Landscape and Visual ArtsUniversity of Western AustraliaM43335 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA 6009Australia

Within the continuum of natural-to-novel ecosystems−i.e.,from the‘pristine’to the greatly intervened−this paper emphasizes the role of design within highly modified ecosystems in areas of *** is argued that,as certain landscapes(particularly urbanized ones)can never be restored to original levels of historical ecological fidelity,they should be treated as both cultural and ecological *** is then proposed that these anthropogenic landscapes would be ready canvases for designed(or planned)novel ecosystems that could be inculcated with ecological function and systems delivery,yet having profound aesthetic *** on this landscape architecture perspective,it is suggested that ecologists may not have fully explored cultural interventions in restoring landscapes,especially within the agency of design.A design strategy for the biological hotspot of Perth in southwestern Australia is then provided as a relevant example of how novel ecosystems can be *** an acute and novel approach to modifying current development practices,Perth’s biodiversity is on track for considerable *** this exploratory backdrop,it is elaborated how neo-baroque design strategies can be used for structuring ecological systems to create resilient and productive novel ecosystems grounded in a critical and autochthonous aesthetic of botanical complexity.

关键词： landscape architecture Novel ecosystem design OCBIl landscapes Urban ecology Translational strategies

Artificial intelligence for characterization of diminutive colorectal polyps:A feasibility study comparing two computer-aided diagnosis systems

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Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第1期5卷 11-22页

作者： Quirine Eunice Wennie van der Zander Ramon M Schreuder Ayla Thijssen Carolus H J Kusters Nikoo Dehghani Thom Scheeve Bjorn Winkens Mirjam C M van der Ende-van loon Peter H N de With Fons van der Sommen Ad A M Masclee Erik J Schoon Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Maastricht University Medical CenterMaastricht 6202 AZNetherlands GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht UniversityMaastricht 6200 MDNetherlands Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Catharina Hospital EindhovenEindhoven 5602 ZANetherlands Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600 MBNetherlands Department of Methodology and Statistics Maastricht UniversityPostbus 6166200 MD MaastrichtNetherlands School for Public Health and Primary Care Maastricht UniversityMaastricht 6200 MDNetherlands

BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence(AI)has potential in the optical diagnosis of colorectal *** To evaluate the feasibility of the real-time use of the computer-aided diagnosis system(CADx)AI for ColoRectal Polyps(AI4CRP)for the optical diagnosis of diminutive colorectal polyps and to compare the performance with CAD EYE^(TM)(Fujifilm,Tokyo,Japan).CADx influence on the optical diagnosis of an expert endoscopist was also *** AI4CRP was developed in-house and CAD EYE was proprietary software provided by *** CADxsystems exploit convolutional neural *** polyps were characterized as benign or premalignant and histopathology was used as gold ***4CRP provided an objective assessment of its characterization by presenting a calibrated confidence characterization value(range 0.0-1.0).A predefined cut-off value of 0.6 was set with valueslues≥0.6 indicating premalignant colorectal *** confidence characterizations were defined as values 40%around the cut-off value of 0.6(0.76).Self-critical AI4CRP’s diagnostic performances excluded low confidence *** AI4CRP use was feasible and performed on 30 patients with 51 colorectal ***-critical AI4CRP,excluding 14 low confidence characterizations[27.5%(14/51)],had a diagnostic accuracy of 89.2%,sensitivity of 89.7%,and specificity of 87.5%,which was higher compared to *** EYE had a 83.7%diagnostic accuracy,74.2%sensitivity,and 100.0%*** performances of the endoscopist alone(before AI)increased nonsignificantly after reviewing the CADx characterizations of both AI4CRP and CAD EYE(AI-assisted endoscopist).Diagnostic performances of the AI-assisted endoscopist were higher compared to both CADx-systems,except for specificity for which CAD EYE performed *** Real-time use of AI4CRP was *** confidence values provided by a CADx is novel and self-critical AI4CRP sho

关键词： Artificial intelligence Colorectal polyp characterization Computer aided diagnosis Diminutive colorectal polyps Optical diagnosis Self-critical artificial intelligence

Reliability of electric vehicle charging infrastructure:A cross-lingual deep learning approach

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Communications in Transportation Research 2023年第1期3卷 81-91页

作者： Yifan liu Azell Francis catharina Hollauer M.Cade lawson Omar Shaikh Ashley Cotsman Khushi Bhardwaj Aline Banboukian Mimi li Anne Web Omar Isaac Asensio School of Public Policy Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta30332USA Sam Nunn School of International Affairs Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta30332USA School of Civil&Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta30332USA H.Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta30332USA School of Computer Science Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta30332USA School of Computer Science Stanford UniversityPalo Alto94305USA School of Economics Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta30332USA Institute for Data Engineering&Science(IDEaS) Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta30332USA

Vehicle electrification has emerged as a global strategy to address climate change and emissions externalities from the transportation *** of charging infrastructure is needed to accelerate technology adoption;however,managers and policymakers have had limited evidence on the use of public charging stations due to poor data sharing and decentralized ownership across *** this article,we use machine learning based classifiers to reveal insights about consumer charging behavior in 72 detected languages including *** investigate 10 years of consumer reviews in East and Southeast Asia from 2011 to 2021 to enable infrastructure evaluation at a larger geographic scale than previously *** find evidence that charging stations at government locations result in higher failure rates with consumers compared to charging stations at private points of *** evidence contrasts with predictions in the *** European markets,where the performance is closer to *** also find that networked stations with communication protocols provide a relatively higher quality of charging services,which favors policy support for connectivity,particularly for underserved or remote areas.

关键词： Electric vehicles Consumer behavior Charging infrastructure Public policy Machine learning Natural language processing Transformer algorithms

Predictors of functional benefit of hepatitis C therapy in a‘real-life’cohort

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第7期24卷 852-861页

作者： Niels Steinebrunner Kerstin Stein catharina Sandig Thomas Bruckner Wolfgang Stremmel Anita Pathil Department of Internal Medicine IV University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg 69120Germany Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity Hospital of MagdeburgMagdeburg 39120Germany Department of Medical Biometry Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics(IMBI)Heidelberg 69120Germany

AIM To define predictors of functional benefit of direct-acting antivirals(DAAs) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection and liver *** We analysed a cohort of 199 patients with chronic HCV genotype 1, 2, 3 and 4 infection involving previously treated and untreated patients with compensated(76%) and decompensated(24%) liver cirrhosis at two tertiary centres in Germany. Patients were included withtreatment initiation between February 2014 and August 2016. All patients received a combination regimen of one or more DAAs for either 12 or 24 wk. Predictors of functional benefit were assessed in a univariable as well as multivariable model by binary logistic regression *** Viral clearance was achieved in 88%(175/199) of patients. Sustained virological response(SVR) 12 rates were as follows: among 156 patients with genotype 1 infection the SVR 12 rate was 90%(n = 141); among 7 patients with genotype 2 infection the SVR 12 rate was 57%(n = 4); among 30 patients with genotype 3 infection the SVR 12 rate was 87%(n = 26); and among 6 patients with genotype 4 infection the SVR 12 rate was 67%(n = 4). Follow-up MElD scores were available for 179 patients. A MElD score improvement was observed in 37%(65/179) of patients, no change of MElD score in 41%(74/179) of patients, and an aggravation was observed in 22%(40/179) of patients. We analysed predictors of functional benefit from antiviral therapy in our patients beyond viral eradication. We identified the Child-Pugh score, the MElD score, the number of platelets and the levels of albumin and bilirubin as significant factors for functional *** Our data may contribute to the discussion of potential risks and benefits of antiviral therapy with individual patients infected with HCV and with advanced liver disease.

关键词： functional benefit direct acting antiviral hepatitis C cirrhosis real-life data

Unbalanced biotransformation metabolism and oxidative stress status: implications for deficient fatty acid oxidation

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Health 2011年第1期3卷 43-48页

作者： catharina M. Mels Francois H. Van der Westhuizen Pieter J. Pretorius Elardus Erasmus 不详

The concept of accumulating xenobiotics within the human body as a health risk is well known. However, these compounds can also be endo-genous, as in the case of inborn errors of me-tabolism, and lead to some of the same symp-toms as seen in xenobiotic intoxication. Bio-transformation of both exogenous and endo-genous toxic compounds is an important function of the liver, and the critical balance between these systems is of fundamental importance for cellular health. We propose a novel model, to describe the critical balance between Phase I and Phase II biotransformation and how a disturbance in this balance will increase the oxidative stress status, with resulting pathological consequences. We further used deficient fatty acid oxidation to verify the proposed model, as deficient fatty acid oxidation is associated with the accumulation of characteristic metabolites. These accumulating metabolites undergo both Phase I and Phase II biotransformation reactions, with resulting depletion of biotransformation substrates and co-factors. Depletion of these important biomolecules is capable of disturbing the balance between Phase I and Phase II reactions, and disturbance of this balance will increase oxidative stress status. The value of the proposed model is illustrated by its application to a clinical case investigated in our laboratory. In this case the possibility of deficient fatty acid oxidation only became evident once the critical balance between Phase I and Phase II biotransformation was restored with oral replenishment of biotransformation substrates. In addition to bio-chemical improvement, there was also significant clinical improvement. The significance of this model lies within the treatment possibilities, as the assessment of biotransformation metabolism and oxidative stress status can lead to the development of nutritional treatment strategies to correct imbalances. This in turn may reduce the chances of, or delay the onset of certain disease states.

关键词： Biotransformation Metabolism Detoxification Fatty Acid Oxidation Oxidative Stress Status

A Comparison of Relative Humidity between Two Swedish Buildings with Different Ventilation Solutions

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第6期7卷 855-873页

作者： Thomas Alsmo catharina Alsmo library Research Olten Switzerland

This project is based on measurements of the parameter relative humidity, RH (%), in two buildings: one with natural ventilation and one with mechanical ventilation. Both buildings are located in central Sweden, which constitutes a representative climate zone with respect to Swedish conditions. An important factor for the indoor environment, which affects human health and well-being, is the level of the relative humidity, RH (%). Research studies show that the healthiest level should be in the range of 40% - 60%. Surveys have revealed that about 70% of the employees at Swedish offices, schools and kindergartens experience that the air is too dry during the winter season. Previous studies show that the level of relative humidity in the indoor environment influences the prevalence of respiratory infections and allergies. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the relative humidity differ between the two buildings, and if this may be a cause of the health problems that users are affected by. During many years, users have complained about the environment in the building with mechanical ventilation and that they suffer from health problems. The method used in the study is air measurements of the two parameters, relative humidity and air temperature in the two buildings using data loggers. The indoor environment is affected by the outdoor climate and therefore instruments are placed outdoors to record seasonal variations. The measurements were carried out during the period October 2014 to September 2015 to include all of Sweden’s four seasons with completely different climatic conditions. The results of this study show that the relative humidity in the mechanically ventilated building is consistently significantly lower than in the building with natural ventilation whatever the time of year and temperature indoors. This study shows that mechanical ventilation in buildings affects the indoor environment negatively with respect to human health during most time of t

关键词： Hygiene Hygiene and Health Air Quality Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) Particle Implication Particle Measurements Indoor Environment Indoor Humidity Indoor Temperature Particle Size Particle Amount Physical Environment

A Study of Hygiene in Swedish Schools and Pre-Schools-Sources of Air Pollution

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第12期4卷 1349-1359页

作者： Thomas Alsmo catharina Alsmo library Research Olten Switzerland.

Poor indoor air quality is a large problem in Swedish schools, since the health of occupants may be affected. The building itself is often in focus and other building-related problems may be neglected. The hypothesis of this study is that factors other than the building itself have decisive influence on indoor environment. An assessment of these nonspecific building-related reasons for bad indoor environment has been made in the present work using surveys combined with particle measurements and comfort measurements (air humidity and air temperature). People are experiencing poor indoor air quality, the air is too dry and the temperature is uneven and uncomfortable indoors in the winter. It is important to highlight the problem of indoor environments with high particulate emissions especially in the range from 5.0 microns and larger since they are conveyers of allergens and bacteria, combined with dry air. An interesting observation regarding the ventilation system is that mechanical systems are tending to generate drier indoor air than the natural ventilation system. Results show that it is possible to decrease emissions through eliminating activity-related sources of airborne contaminants and better the comfort indoors with relatively simple measures.