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Effect of protease supplementation on apparent ileal crude protein and amino acid digestibility of over-processed soybean meals in broilers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第6期13卷 1810-1817页

作者： Sergio Salazar-Villanea Maikol Astúa-Ureña Allison Masís-Montoya Juan I.Herrera-Muñoz catalina salas-durán Escuela de Zootecnia Universidad de Costa RicaSan JoséCosta Rica Centro de Investigación en nutrición Animal Universidad de Costa RicaSan JoséCosta Rica

Background: nutritional value of proteins in feed ingredients can be negatively affected by hydrothermal processing, which causes large variation in the bioavailability of amino acids(AA) and negatively affects animal productive performance. Supplementation of exogenous proteases could increase the rate of digestion of damaged proteins, thereby increasing overall AA digestibility and bioavailability. The aim was to determine the effect of exogenous protease supplementation on the apparent ileal digestibility(AID) of crude protein(CP) and AA of soybean meals(SBM) with different degrees of hydrothermal processing in ***: The experiment involved a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, with SBM processing time(commercial SBM or autoclaved for 30 or 60 min at 120 ℃) and protease supplementation(not supplemented and supplemented) as factors. Protease was included at three times the recommended dose(0.06%) and the experimental diets were fed from 15 to 21 ***: The interaction between the effects of SBM processing and protease supplementation was significant for the AID of CP(P = 0.01), Trp(P = 0.01), Gly(P = 0.03) and Pro(P = 0.03), and also for the average daily gain(P = 0.01)and feed conversion ratio(P = 0.04). Increasing the processing time of SBM decreased(P no acids, whilst the effect of protease supplementation was only significant for the AID of Phe(P = 0.02) and Tyr(P = 0.01).Conclusions: Exogenous protease supplementation at three times the commercial dose does not seem to offset the negative effects of hydrothermal processing of SBM on the apparent ileal digestibility of CP and amino acids or performance of broilers. Whilst positive numerical improvements of digestibility and performance(ADG and FCR)were noticed with protease supplementation at relatively mild processing levels, negative results were obtained with the harsh-processed meals.

关键词： Amino acids Apparent ileal digestibility Broilers Exogenous protease

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Ecology and local knowledge of the Baird’s tapir (Tapirella bairdii) in the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, Mexico

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第5期11卷 361-374页

作者： Mario César LAVARIEGA nOLASCO Miguel BRIOnES-salas Amado MAZAS-TEODOCIO Elvira durÁn-MEDInA Interdisciplinary Research Center for Integral Development Oaxaca UnitNational Polytechnic InstituteOaxacaMexico

As well as being of global cultural importance(from local tribal folklore to being an iconic species for conservation),the tapir plays an important role in its ecosystem as a herbivore and seed ***,the ecology and ethnozoology of the endangered Baird’s tapir in the north of Oaxaca,Mexico is poorly *** used camera traps to estimate its relative abundance and density and to describe the activity patterns of the northernmost population of Baird’s tapir in the Sierra Madre de *** knowledge concerning the tapir was also documented,along with the conservation strategies undertaken by the 2 indigenous communities that own the land where the study site is *** adult tapirs were photographed,and these were active 14 h per day,but were mainly nocturnal and *** estimated relative abundance(12.99±2.24 events/1000 camera days)and density values(0.07-0.24 individuals/km2)were both similar to those found in another site in Mexico located within a protected ***-structured interviews revealed that people have a basic understanding of the eating habits,activity and main predators of the *** were reports of hunting,although not among those respondents who regularly consume bush ***,the relative abundance and density estimates of tapir at the study site could be related to the favorable condition of the forest and the absence of hunting and consumption of tapir ***,the local people are conducting initiatives promoting the conservation of this ungulate and its habitat that combine to constitute a regional trend of habitat and wildlife protection.

关键词： camera-trapping density estimation random encounter model tapir conservation

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Volcaniclastic Deposit Analysis Using Grain Size, Digital and Stereological Techniques

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2023年第4期13卷 723-741页

作者： Alberto Rangel-durán Vanessa Verónica Espejel-García Alejandro Villalobos-Aragón Daphne Espejel-García Jorge Lucero-Álvarez Abraham Gilberto Mendez-salas Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua Chihuahua México Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua Chihuahua México

This study undertook a comprehensive sedimentological and grain-size analysis of two previously uncharacterized volcanoclastic deposits exposed in the northwestern sector of Chihuahua City, Mexico. The primary objective was to propose a systematic genetic classification for these deposits, employing traditional sedimentological techniques and an advanced computerized granulometric analysis technique based on orthogonal images to discern their grain size distribution. Through these studies, evidence was sought to classify them genetically, presenting arguments to define them either as a lahar or a volcanic debris avalanche. Results were critically compared against existing literature data pertaining to lahars and debris avalanches, yielding moderate success. The analysis identified one of the deposits as a non-eruptive or post-eruptive lahar. This identification was substantiated by the delineation of distinct overbank and transition facies within the deposit, providing compelling evidence for its genetic classification.

关键词： Volcaniclastic Lahar Avalanche Statistics Chihuahua

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Management of Helicobacter pylori infection in Latin America: A Delphi technique-based consensus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第31期20卷 10969-10983页

作者： Antonio Rollan Juan Pablo Arab M Constanza Camargo Roberto Candia Paul Harris Catterina Ferreccio Charles S Rabkin Juan Cristóbal Gana Pablo Cortés Rolando Herrero Luisa durán Apolinaria García Claudio Toledo Alberto Espino nicole Lustig Alberto Sarfatis catalina Figueroa Javier Torres Arnoldo Riquelme Clínica Alemana de Santiago Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo Departamento de Gastroenterología Facultad de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer InstituteRockville MD 20852 United States Programa de Salud Basada en Evidencia Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Departamento de Gastroenterología y nutrición Pediátrica Facultad de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Departamento de Salud Pública Facultad de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization Departamento de Microbiología Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Concepción Unidad de Gastroenterología Hospital de Valdivia. Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Austral de Chile Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social

AIM: To optimize diagnosis and treatment guidelines for this geographic region, a panel of gastroenterologists, epidemiologists, and basic scientists carried out a structured evaluation of available literature.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Consensus development conference Delphi technique Latin America

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Pericytes synthesize renin

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World Journal of nephrology 2013年第1期2卷 11-16页

作者： Alison C Berg catalina Chernavvsky-Sequeira Jennifer Lindsey R Ariel Gomez Maria Luisa S Sequeira-Lopez Department of Pediatrics University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVA 22908United States

AIM： To investigate renin expression in pericytes dur-ing normal kidney development and after deletion of angiotensinogen, the precursor for all ***： We examined the distribution of renin ex-pressing cells by immunoshistochemistry in the intersti-tial compartment of wild type （WT） and angiotensino-gen deficient （AGT -/-） mice at different developmental stages from embryonic day 18 （E18： WT, n = 4; AGT -/-, n = 5） and at day 1 （P1： WT, n = 5; AGT -/-, n = 5）, 5 （P5： WT, n = 7; AGT -/-, n = 8）, 10 （P10： WT, n = 3; AGT -/-, n = 5）, 21 （P21： WT, n = 7; AGT -/-, n =5）, 45 （P45： WT, n = 3; AGT -/-, n = 3）, and 70 （P70： WT, n = 2; AGT -/-, n = 2） of postnatal life. We quanti-fied the number of pericytes positive for renin at all the developmental stages mentioned above and compared the results of AGT -/- mice to their WT ***： In WT mice, renal interstitial pericytes syn-thesize renin in early life supporting a lineage relation-ship with renin cells in the vasculature. The number of pericytes positive for renin per area of 0.32 mm2 （density） in WT mice was maintained from fetal life till weaning age （E18 = 4.25 ± 0.63, P1 = 3.75 ± 0.48, P5 = 3.75 ± 0.48, P10 = 4 ± 0.71, P21 = 3.8 ± 0.58） and markedly decreased in adult life （P45 = 1.2 ± 0.37, P70 = 0.8 ± 0.20）. On the other hand, in AGT -/- mice the density of pericytes expressing renin was not signifi-cantly different from WT mice at E18 and P1： E18 = 5.75 ± 0.50 vs 4.25 ± 0.63 （ P = 0.106）, P1 = 9.25 ± 3.50 vs 3.75 ± 0.48 （ P = 0.175） but significantly increased from P5 till P70： P5 = 38.25 ± 5 vs 3.75 ± 0.48 （ P = 0.0004）, P10 = 173 ± 7.50 vs 4 ± 0.70 （ P = 5.24567 × 10^-7）, P21 = 83 ± 6.70 vs 3.8 ± 0.58 （P = 2.97358 × 10^-6）, P45 = 49 ± 3.50 vs 1.2 ± 0.37 （P = 8.18274 × 10^-7） and P70 = 17.8 ± 2.30 vs 0.8 ± 0.20 （ P = 3.51151 × 10^-5）. The AGT -/- mice showed a marked increase in the number of pericytes per field studied starting from P5, reaching its peak at P10, and then a gra

关键词： Interstitium Homeostasis Angiotensino-gen Kidney Renin angiotensin system Development Angiotensin deficiency Gene deletion

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