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Analysis of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Hypertensive Farmers and Non-Farmers in the Zou Region of Central Benin

Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第12期11卷 362-375页

作者： Fidele Sonounameto Marcelin Agbo Colette Azandjeme Santorin Seton Mansouratou Betira Jean-Baptiste Amagbegnon Fresnel Cachon Maximin Senou casmir akpovi Alphonse Sezan Camille Dossou Lamine Baba-Moussa Joachim Gbenou Omedine Koukoui Laboratory of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutic Biotechnology (LaRBiMeP) Research Unit of Animal Physiology Cell Signaling and Pharmacology (U-PASCPharm) ENSBBA/UNSTIM Dassa-Zoumé Benin Department of Health Promotion IRSP/UAC Ouidah Benin Laboratory of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutic Biotechnology (LaRBiMeP) Unit of Experimental and Clinical Biology (U-BEC) ENSBBA/UNSTIM Dassa-Zoumé Benin Laboratory of Applied Biology Research Research Unit on Non-Communicable Diseases and Cancer EPAC/UAC Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Pharmacology and Improved Traditional Medicines Department of Animal Physiology FAST/UAC Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Typing in Microbiology Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology FAST/UAC Abomey Calavi Benin Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Essential Oils FAST/UAC Cotonou Benin

The heavy use of chemicals, pesticides, cosmetics and plastic packaging coincides with a resurgence of cardiovascular disease, in particular hypertension, which is affecting younger and younger populations. The aim of this study was to analyze the cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive farmers compared with hypertensive non farmers. This was a prospective case-control study that included 239 hypertensive farmers and non farmers aged 25 to 65 with blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and 90 mmHg. Hypertensive farmers (101) represented 42.25% of the population versus hypertensive non farmers (138) 57.74%. The median ages were 47 ± 11.3 years for farmers and 51.45 ± 9.77 years for non farmers. Biochemical analysisand screening for major cardiovascular disease risk factors such as metabolic syndrome were performed. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the new definition of the International Diabetes Federation. Our results revealed higher blood glucose levels in farmers (47.77%) than in non farmers (27.20%) (p = 0.0132). Dyslipidemia was more frequent in non farmerswith high level of LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol. Farmers presented a high level of tryglycerides. The prevalence of obesity was higher in non farmers 51 (36.96%) than farmers 18 (17.82%). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 106 (44.35%) in our study population. There was not an important difference between farmers (39.60%) and non farmers (47.82%). However, the variation of metabolic syndrome according to age and sex showed a higher prevalence in young male farmers aged 25 to 45 whereas non farmers presented an increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to age and the absence of metabolic syndrome between age 25 and 35. Our results showed that the cardiovascular risk appeared early in young farmers compared with non farmers suggesting a possible role of pesticides in the onset of this risk.

关键词： Chemicals Farmers Metabolic Syndrome Hypertension

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Hypergonadotrophic Hypogonadism with Cerebellar Ataxia in a Twenty-Six-Year-Old Female: A Case Report

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2024年第1期14卷 83-90页

作者： Bibiana I. Oti Geoffrey Okorie Peter Chime Ethel Chime Birinus Ezeala-Adikaibe casmir Orjioke Fintan Ekochin Michael C. Abonyi Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Nigeria

Gordon Holmes Syndrome is a rare inherited disease characterized by both neurological and reproductive signs and symptoms. Most patients develop neurologic challenges in early adulthood and cerebellar ataxia occurs as the disease progresses. In the majority of patients, hypogonadism is hypogonadotropic but rarely hypergonadotropic. We report a case of a 26-year-old female in Nigeria, with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and cerebellar atrophy from a non-consanguineous marriage and no family history.

关键词： Gordon Holmes Syndrome Hypergonadotrophic Hypogonadism Cerebellar Ataxia Neuroendocrine Disorder

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Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis of “XB Field”, Central Swamp Depobelt, Niger Delta Basin, Southern Nigeria

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International Journal of Geosciences 2012年第1期3卷 237-257页

作者： Samuel Okechukwu Onyekuru Emmanuel Chukwudi Ibelegbu Julian Chukwuma Iwuagwu Akan Godfrey Essien casmir Zanders Akaolisa Department of Geology Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria

Well logs and biostratigraphic data from six wells in the “XB Field”, central Swamp Depobelt, Niger Delta were integrated to carry out a sequence stratigraphic analysis of depositional systems in the field. The analysis revealed four 3rd order depositional sequences (SEQ1 to 4) bounded by three erosional unconformities interpreted as Sequence Boundaries (SB1 to 3). Transgressive Surfaces of Erosion (TSE1 to 3) that mark the onset of marine flooding and turnarounds from progradational facies to retrogradational facies during sequence build-up were delineated. Three 3rd order Maximum Flooding Surfaces (MFS1, MFS2 and MFS3) characterized by marker shales, high faunal abundance and diversity were also delineated and dated 15.9, 17.4 and 19.4 Ma, respectively. The delineated sequences comprised Lowstand Systems Tracts (progradational packages), Transgressive Systems Tracts (retrogradational packages) and Highstand Systems Tracts (aggradational packages), which reflect depositional systems deposited during different phases of base level changes. The Lowstand Systems Tract (LST) consists of Basin Floor Fans (BFF), Slope Fans and Channel Sands deposited when sea level was low and accommodation space lower than rate of sediment influx. Transgressive Systems Tract (TST) consists of retrogradational marine shales deposited during high relative sea levels and when accommodation space was higher than rate of sediment influx. Highstand Systems Tracts (HST) consisted of shoreface sands displaying mostly aggradational to progradational stacking patterns. The sands of LST and HST show good reservoir qualities while the shales of the TSTs could form potential reservoir seals. The above recognized sequences, were deposited within the Neritic to Bathyal paleoenvironments and are dated mid-Miocene (15.9 - 20.4 Ma) in age.

关键词： Sequence Stratigraphy Unconformities Progradation Retrogradational Aggradational Paleoenvironments and Reservoir

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The Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Knowledge of Its Health Implications among Adolescents in Owerri, South-Eastern Nigeria

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Health 2014年第12期6卷 1532-1538页

作者： Chikere Ifeanyi casmir Ebirim Agwu Nkwa Amadi Okwuoma Chi Abanobi Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh Department of Family Medicine Federal Medical Centre Umuahia Nigeria Department of Public Health Technology Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria

Despite the growing problem of global cigarette use, accurate information on the prevalence and pattern in Nigerian adolescents’ remains sparse. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking among in-school male adolescents in Nigerian population and to assess their level of knowledge on the health effects of cigarette smoking. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 944 randomly selected in-school male adolescents in Owerri, south-east Nigeria, between September and November 2013. Information was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. The findings indicated a prevalence of 15.3% for ever smoked adolescents and 11.2% for current smokers. The mean age at cigarette smoking initiation was 14 years. Sixty-three percent had good knowledge of health problems associated with cigarette smoking. Lung cancer was the most reported associated health problem. Fifty-two (36.1%) indicated that they were initiated by their friends who offered them their first stick of cigarette. The major reason for smoking cigarette the first time was to be like their friends/role model and out of curiosity. Poor knowledge of health effects of smoking was statistically associated with cigarette smoking (X2 = 26.82, p-value < 0.001). Knowledge of health problems associated with smoking proved to be the major reason for not smoking by never smoked adolescents, which means that awareness creation on health problems associated with cigarette smoking through health education in schools coupled with stiff legislative ban on sale of cigarette to adolescents will, to a reasonable extent, reduce the high prevalence of adolescent cigarette smoking in our society.

关键词： Prevalence Cigarette Smoking Adolescents Owerri South Eastern Nigeria

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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolates in Shellfish Samples from Two River Estuaries in South-South Nigeria

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Advances in Microbiology 2021年第9期11卷 428-443页

作者： Nsikan Samuel Udoekong Bassey Enya Bassey Anne Ebri Asuquo Otobong Donald Akan casmir Ifeanyichukwu Cajetan Ifeanyi Science Technology Department Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic Ikot Ekpene Nigeria Nigeria Country Office World Health Organization (WHO) Abuja Nigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria College of Food Science and Engineering Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha China Microbiology Department Akwa-Ibom State University Ikot Akpaden Nigeria Department of Veterinary Microbiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Abuja Abuja Nigeria

Antibiotic resistant bacteria pathogens remain the leading cause of shellfish borne diseases and a major health threat to humans worldwide. The objectives of this study were to isolate, identify, and determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of Gram-negative bacteria from shellfish. We analyzed a total of 540 shellfish (117 clams, 88 oysters, and 136 periwinkles) samples collected from different vendors at Iko and Douglas Creeks in Akwa Ibom State, South-South Nigeria. Conventional cultural techniques, morphological, biochemical characteristics, and PCR amplification were used to identify the bacterial isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility tests (Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method) and ESBL phenotype (disk) of the isolates were performed. One hundred and thirty-five (135) Gram-negative bacteria comprising 5 genera and 14 species were detected at a prevalence of: Alcaligenes faecalis TRB-7 38 (28.2%), Pseudomonas oryzihabitans strain KCB005 16 (11.9%), Paenalcaligenes retgerii strain B5 12 (8.9%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa JB2 10 (7.4%), Providencia stuartii DMC-28b 9 (6.7%), Alcaligenes species TLT151 8 (5.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa CIFRI DTSB1 7 (5.2%), Paenalcaligenes species UN24 7 (5.2%), Alcaligenes faecalis BT10 7 (5.2%), Vibrio species strain PrVy108 6 (4.4%), Pseudomonas xiamenensis C10-2 5 (3.7%), Providencia vemicola Bu15_38 4 (2.9%), Pseudomonas anguillisceptica 4029 3 (2.2%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa N15-01092 3 (2.2%). All tested isolates showed various degrees of resistance to the thirteen antimicrobials evaluated. High levels of resistance (100%) to cefepime and imipenem were expressed by all isolates except the Providencia species. For the EBSL indicators, all isolates apart from Alcaligenes species were resistant (100%) to ceftriaxone. A

关键词： Shellfish Gram-Negative Bacteria ESBL-Indicators Multi-Drug Resistance Calabar

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Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination among Female Undergraduates in South-Eastern Nigeria

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Health 2015年第9期7卷 1134-1141页

作者： Ebirim Chikere Ifeanyi casmir Nwoke Eunice Anyalewechi Ibe Sally Nkechi Onyeka Amadi Chinasa Orie Agwu Nwufo Chinyere Regina Department of Public Health Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria

Breast disease often presents as palpable masses (lumps), inflammatory lesions, nipple secretion, or mammography abnormalities;and this can be easily treated when discovered early. Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is the quickest and cheapest means of early breast cancer detection. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among female undergraduates in Owerri, south eastern Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling design was used to select participants. Interview using structured questionnaire was conducted on randomly selected respondents in six faculties from each tertiary institution. Questionnaire was prepared in English and was self-administered. Permission to conduct the survey was requested and obtained from the university ethical review board. Informed verbal and written consent was obtained from participants. Confidentiality of information was maintained throughout the study. Knowledge and practice of BSE was examined among 720 randomly selected female undergraduates aged 16 to 28 years. It was found that 98.9 percent have heard of BSE but only 32.5 percent of them performed this examination accurately and monthly as required. There is a statistically significant relationship between knowledge of risk factors for breast cancer and practice of BSE (χ2 = 31.17, P χ2 = 86.75, P χ2 = 75.94, P < 0.001). These female undergraduates had a poor knowledge of the right procedure and practice of BSE;therefore there is need for awareness creation on the risks of breast cancer and benefits of early detection among female undergraduates through breast self-examination.

关键词： Breast Self-Examination Undergraduate Breast Cancer Owerri South-Eastern Nigeria

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Phenotypic and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Studies of Proteus mirabilis Isolates from Fresh Water Fishes in FCT, Abuja-Nigeria

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Advances in Microbiology 2023年第5期13卷 249-265页

作者： Victor Bitrus Shammah Samuel Mailafia James Agbo Ameh casmir Ifeanyichukwu Cejetan Ifeanyi Adetola Opeyemi Adebari Ebenezer Odey Odey Reece Asoloko Sabo Department of Veterinary Microbiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Abuja Abuja Nigeria Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Abuja Abuja Nigeria Department of Molecular Biotechnology Jagiellian University Krakow Poland

Our study was carried out to determine the phenotypic characterization antimicrobial susceptibility of Proteus mirabilis from fish in FCT, Abuja using isolation, selective plating, preliminary observation, complete biochemical method and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The biochemical tests conducted includes include Citrate Utilization test, Triple Sugar Iron test, Urea test, Methyl Red test, Indole test, and Voges Proskauer test. The isolates were confirmed by MicrobactTMGNB24E identification kit (Oxiod, UK). A total of 400 fish samples were bought in the market from three area council of the FCT. The result of the study showed overall prevalence rate of (13) 3.25% of Proteus mirabilis isolates. Distribution based on Area councils showed that AMAC had higher prevalence rate of 4.81%, while Bwari had 2.99% and Gwagwalada with 2.57% prevalence. All isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the modified single disc diffusion method. From the antimicrobial susceptibility testing done it was discovered that Proteus mirabilis are resistant to Amoxyclav (100%), Erythromycin (92.3%), Tetracycline (92.3%) and Ceftriaxone (23.1%). However, the isolates were susceptible to Ofloxacin (100%), Netillin (92.3%), Levofloxacin (92.3%), Ceftazidime (76.9%), Co-trimoxazole (69.2%) and Gentamicin (61.5%). Since Proteus mirabilis sources of zoonotic diseases and can potentially be dangerous to humans and other animals, our research was able to isolate it from fresh water fish sold in the Federal Capital Territory. This makes public health awareness of the risks associated with Proteus mirabilis in Nigeria necessary.

关键词： Proteus mirabilis Fishes Isolation MicrobactTMGNB24E Biochemical Characterization Prevalence

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Effects of Peer Health Education on Sexual Health Knowledge and Attitudes of Tertiary Institution Students in Imo State, Nigeria

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Health 2020年第6期12卷 638-652页

作者： Sally Nkechinyere Onyeka Ibe Jerome O. Okafor Chikodi Ify Margaret Ezurike Eunice Ogonna Osuala casmir Ifeanyi Chikere Ebirim Chinyere Regina Nwufo Department of Public Health School of Health Technology Federal University of Technology Owerri Imo State Nigeria Department of Health Education and Human Kinetics Faculty of Education Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Anambra State Nigeria Department of Educational Foundation and Counselling Faculty of Education Imo State University Owerri Imo State Nigeria Department of Nursing Science Faculty of Allied Health Sciences PAMO University of Medical Sciences Port-Harcourt Nigeria

This study was designed to determine effects of peer-health-education on sexual health knowledge and attitudes of tertiary institution students in Imo State Nigeria by determining the mean gain scores of sexual health knowledge and attitudes after peer health education. Quasi-experimental (pre-test-post-test) research design was employed. Two hundred students drawn from the University, Polytechnic and College of Education, using a multi-stage sampling technique participated in the peer sessions which were facilitated by trained peer educators. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA and Z-test. Findings revealed improved knowledge and attitudes on sexual health, as depicted by positive mean gain scores. Age group 16 - 20 years had the highest mean gain score ( = 22.31) of sexual health knowledge than the rest, while age group 26 - 30 years had the highest mean gain score ( = 10.59) of sexual health attitudes. Males had higher mean gain score ( = 26.05) of sexual health knowledge, while females had higher mean gain score ( = 9.77) of sexual health attitudes. The first years (100 level students) had the highest mean gain score ( = 25.71) of sexual health knowledge and also had the highest mean gain score ( = 14.12) of sexual health attitudes. Level of study was significant both for knowledge and attitudes (P < 0.01). It is recommended that peer-health-education be explored further as a method of communicating sexual health issues to tertiary institution students and youths generally.

关键词： Sexual-Health Peer-Education Tertiary-Institution Students Knowledge Attitudes

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Correlates of Tobacco and Marijuana Use among Urban Dwellers in Enugu, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2019年第7期9卷 80-94页

作者： Onodugo Obinna Donatus Orjioke casmir Obumneme Bennett Anyim Ezeala-Adikaibe Birinus Adikaibe Chime Peter Onodugo Pauline Nkiruka Mbadiwe Nkeiruka Obumneme-Anyim Ijeoma Nnenne Ekochin Fintan Achor Justin Ezeala-Adikaibe Ngozi Praise Department of Medicine University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Pediatrics University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Enugu Enugu Nigeria Department of Community Medicine University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria

Introduction: Tobacco and marijuana use is a public health challenge all over the world and especially in Sub Saharan Africa. The combination of low socioeconomic status and substance use can be described as a social and economic disaster for many poor families of Africa. While majority of studies concentrated on cigarette smoking, few studies in Nigeria has been conducted on non-smoke forms of tobacco. The burden of marijuana abuse is also rising in the Nigeria. Similar to cigarette smoking, cannabis use is more common among males. Knowledge of the pattern of tobacco and cannabis use in the community is important considering the public health implications. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of tobacco (cigarette smoking and snuff) and cannabis use among adults in an urban communities Enugu, southeast Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in urban slum settlements in Enugu, the capital of Enugu State, southeast Nigeria. Using a semi structured questionnaire, we collected data selected socio-demographic characteristics, including tobacco use and cannabis use in the last 30 days. The study was conducted between August and December 2013. For database management and statistical analyses, we used the SPSS version 23. Results: The total number of individuals recruited in the study was 1572;844 (52.8%) females and 728 (45.5%) males with a male to female ratio of 0.9:1. Tobacco was used by a total of 270 (17.2%) individuals within the last 4 weeks and marijuana by 23 (1.5%) of the population. Overall, 280 (17.8%) used either one or both tobacco and marijuana. While snuff was predominately used from 60 years and above, cigarette smoking peaked at 30 - 39 years and marijuana use peaked at a younger age of 20 - 29 years. Cigarette smoking positively correlated with male gender (male 1, female 0) and alcohol use (Yes 1, No 0). P Conclusion: The prevalence of cigarette smoking (5.5%), snuff (11.6%) and marijuana use (1.6%) wa

关键词： Tobacco Cigarette Snuff Alcohol Marijuana Nigeria

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Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes among Adults in an Urban Slum in South East Nigeria

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2018年第4期8卷 131-144页

作者： Birinus Adikaibe Ezeala-Adikaibe Nkeiruka Mbadiwe Celestine Okwara Obinna Onodugo Chinwe Onyekonwu Uchenna Ijoma Oluchi Stella Ekenze casmir Orjioke Peter Chime Eddy Aneke Chidimma Brenda Nwatu Ekenechukwu Young Obumneme Anyim Department of Medicine University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Medicine Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria

Background: Despite the rising prevalence of diabetes in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa, few studies have assessed the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes in people with low socioeconomic status or urban slums. Methods: Using the WHO STEP-wise approach to surveillance of noncommunicable diseases, we estimated the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes among adults 20 years and older living in two urban slums in Enugu south east Nigeria. Diabetes was defined as previous history of diabetes, use of hypoglycemic agents and fasting blood glucose within the diabetes range on two occasions during the survey period. Study duration was 5 months. Results: Out of the 811 individuals invited to the clinic, 605 (74.6%) participants had their fasting blood glucose measured based on the study protocol. The prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in the population was 11.7% (95% CI;9.2 - 14.3) and 7.6% (95% CI;5.0 - 9.7) respectively. About 54.9% were newly detected and 28.1% of them had normal control. The prevalence of diabetes peaked at 55 - 64 years. The odds ratio for diabetes was significantly higher in participants ≥ 45 years (1.033, 95% CI;1.208 - 3.420), participants with hypertension (0.442, 95% CI;0.257 - 0.762) and stroke (1.638, 95% CI;0.459 - 5.848). Conclusion: There is a relatively high prevalence of diabetes among adults in two urban slums in Enugu. Public health educational measures promoting prevention and early detection of diabetes should be encouraged. Efforts should be made to educate the populace on the need for early detection and treatment.

关键词： Diabetes Nigeria Obesity Prediabetes Epidemiology Urban Dwellers

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