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Plant-available water capacity of soils at a regional scale:Analysis of fixed and dynamic field capacities

Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 590-605页

作者： Vinod PHOGAT Paul RPETRIE casandra collins Marcos BONADA South Australian Research and Development Institute GPO Box 397Adelaide SA 5001(Australia) School of Agriculture Food and WineWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusPMB1Glen Osmond SA 5064(Australia) College of Science and Engineering Flinders UniversityBedford Park SA 5042(Australia) The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052(Australia) ARC Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production University of AdelaidePMB1Glen Osmond SA 5064(Australia)

Estimation of the plant-available water capacity(PAWC)of soils at a regional scale helps in adopting better land use planning,developing suitable irrigation schedules for crops,and optimizing the use of scarce water *** the current study,72 soil profiles were sampled from the Barossa region of South Australia to estimate pedo-transfer functions deduced from easily estimated soil *** functions were then used to estimate the fixed(10 and 33 kPa)and dynamic pressure head(h_(fc))water contents at field capacity(FC)for minimum drainage flux(0.01 and 0.001 cm d^(-1)),which serves as the upper boundary for plant-available water in *** estimated residual water content was corrected for subsoil constraints,especially the exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP).The results showed that the mean values of h_(fc)in sand-dominated light and medium textured soils(i.e.,sand,loamy sand,sandy loam,and loam)varied in a narrow range(15.8-18.2 kPa),whereas those in the clay-dominated heavy textured soils(i.e.,clay loam)showed a wide range(11.3-49.3 kPa).There were large differences in PAWC for dynamic FC(PAWC_(fc))and fixed FC at 10 kPa(PAWC10),33 kPa(PAWC33),and a mix of 10and 33 kPa(PAWC_(10,33))pressure heads depending on soil ***,the difference between PAWC at 10 kPa and h_(fc)(ΔPAWC_(10))was positive,whereas that between 33 kPa and h_(fc)(ΔPAWC_(33))was negative across all ***,the estimation of PAWC assuming a fixed FC at 10 and 33 kPa pressures(i.e.,PAWC_(10,33))for sandy,clay,and silty soils reduced the difference between fixed and dynamic pressure PAWCs to<10% across the *** estimation of PAWC was improved by incorporating the impact of subsoil constraints,such as high ESP,which was more pronounced for clay and silty *** findings demonstrate the inherent inconsistencies between static pressure and flux-based dynamic FC estimations in *** heterogeneity,intra-texture variability,subsoil constraints,and swell

关键词： crop lower limit drained upper limit pedo-transfer function soil hydraulic parameter soil texture

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Labor Pain through the Eyes of Brazilian Women and Delivery Nurses

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Open Journal of Nursing 2018年第1期8卷 78-92页

作者： Rafaela Feitosa Coutinho Taiane da Silva Alves Alecssandra de Fátima Silva Viduedo Rejane Antonello Griboski casandra G. R. M. P. de Leon Juliana Machado Schardosim School of Ceilandia University of Brasília Brasília Brazil Maternity Hospital Brasília Brasília Brazil The Undergraduate Program in Nursing School of Ceilandia University of Brasília Brasília Brazil

Objective: Understanding the perception of women who have recently given birth in a Brazilian hospital regarding labor pain and nursing involvement in the labor process. Methodology: exploratory, descriptive and qualitative study carried out in a Maternity part of the supplementary health system in the Federal District (DF). Data were collected between May and July 2015 through interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. The sample consisted of 16 mothers and data analysis followed Bardin methodology in three phases. Results: The pain experienced during labor is surrounded by feelings and expectations. Both positive and negative feelings experienced by mothers were identified in the interviews and unanimous opinion was the fact that the second stage is the most painful period as continuous pain is experienced. Some of the participants compared pain with strong menstrual cramps, renal colic and back pain;others, said labor pain was the strongest ever experienced. The immediate contact with the newborn was referred to as a reward for coping with breast pain and suffering. Other factors such as the importance of follow-up, support and coping with the pain and care provided by health staff were also highlighted. Conclusion: empowerment of the mother and family through knowledge is considered an important tool to fight pain and cope with the birth process in a positive and physiological way, which in the long run promotes a cultural change in the population regarding the importance of vaginal birth.

关键词： Labor Pain Supplementary Health Birth Humanization Obstetrical Nursing Nursing Care

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