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A Very Simple Model Concerning the Unified Field Theory Basing on the Kronig-Penney-Model

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2019年第3期5卷 941-952页

作者： carsten Wochnowski Independent Researcher Karlsfeld Germany

In this paper, a very simple novel model is presented concerning the unified field theory (“theory of everything”). In the scope of this novel theory, it is assumed that matter, space and time are quantized. It is assumed that the space is subdivided into cubic elementary cells (space quanta), and in each of its eight corners a Delta potential is positioned. That means the Delta potentials are equidistantly arranged, so that the Delta potentials are forming a lattice similar to a crystal lattice in solid state physics. The novel theory is analogue to the Kronig-Penney model well-known in solid state physics: a crystal lattice comprises Delta potentials arranged equidistantly to one another, so the lattice space can be considered as being quantized by an array of equally spaced Delta potentials or the lattice space is divided into cubic elementary cells (space quanta). But instead of electrons, material quanta are inserted into the cubic elementary cells or space quanta. So the material quanta are not freely vibrating (unbound state), but are vibrating in a bound state with discrete energy levels separated by an energy gap. This is due to the presence of the array of Delta potentials. In the frame of this novel theory the Schr?dinger Equation for the Kronig-Penney-Model is not solved by differentiation, but the Schr?dinger Equation is integrated yielding the formula , by whose discussion the existence of an energy gap is revealed. This energy gap is responsible if the material quantum occurs as light quantum (photon) or mass quantum.

关键词： String Theory Loop Quantum Gravity Theory Unified Field Theory

Feature size below 100 nm realized by UVLEDbased microscope projection photolithography

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2023年第4期4卷 72-81页

作者： Lei Zheng Tobias Birr Urs Zywietz carsten Reinhardt Bernhard Roth Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies Leibniz University Hannover30167 HannoverGermany Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD(Photonics Opticsand Engineering-Innovation Across Disciplines)30167 HannoverGermany Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering 30167 HannoverGermany Bremen University of Applied Science 28199 BremenGermany

The demand for miniaturization and integration of optical elements has fostered the development of various micro-and nanofabrication *** this work,we developed a low-cost UV-LED-based microscope projection photolithography system for rapid and high-resolution *** system can be easily implemented using off-the-shelf *** allows for micro-and nanostructuring within *** optimizing the process,a minimum feature size down to approximately 85 nm was successfully *** addition,investigations on fabrication of the same structures using both costly and economic microscope objectives were *** sizes below 100 nm can be stably *** demonstrated approach extends the technology capabilities and may find applications in fields such as nanophotonics,biophotonics sensing and material science.

关键词： Microfabrication Nanofabrication Subwavelength structuring Projection lithography UV-LED lithography

A Simple Explanation for the Higgs-Mechanism Given by a Modified Kronig-Penney-Model

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2019年第4期5卷 1112-1122页

作者： carsten Wochnowski Karlsfeld Germany

In this paper the Higgs mechanism is simply explained by a modification of the Kronig-Penney-Model well known in solid state physics. By this model an inverse (harmonic) oscillator is derived which can give a hint to Higgs Mechanism, eventually the Higgs Mechanism can be explained by this modified Kronig-Penney-Model. Also a short explanation is given for the relativistic curvature of space by the presence of mass and for the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

关键词： Higgs Mechanism Kronig-Penney-Model Space and Time Quantization Hei-senberg Uncertainty Principle Copenhagen Interpretation De Broglie-Bohm Theory

Wear and corrosion behavior of clay containing coating on AM 50 magnesium alloy produced by aluminate-based plasma electrolytic oxidation

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2021年第12期31卷 3719-3738页

作者： Farideh DAVOODI Masoud ATAPOUR carsten BLAWERT Mikhail ZHELUDKEVICH Department of Materials Engineering Isfahan University of TechnologyIsfahan 84156-83111Iran MagIC−Magnesium Innovation Centre Institute of Materials ResearchHelmholtz Zentrum GeesthachtMax-Plank-Str.121502 GeesthachtGermany Faculty of Engineering University of KielKaiserstrasse 224143 KielGermany

This study aims to examine the effect of clay micro particles addition on the microstructure,wear and corrosion behavior of PEO coatings on AM 50 magnesium *** coatings were prepared using an aluminate-based electrolyte with and without the presence of 5 g/L clay *** structure and composition of the coatings were evaluated using SEM,EDS and *** wear investigations were conducted using a ball-on-disk tribometer at 2,5 and 10 N *** corrosion behavior of the coatings was examined using polarization and EIS tests in 0.5 wt.%*** results revealed that the addition of clay particles deteriorated the wear resistance of the coatings under the loads of 5 and 10 *** SEM examinations of the worn surfaces indicated that a combination of adhesive and abrasive wear mechanisms was activated for the coating with clay *** poor wear performance of the clay-incorporated coating was related to its lower adhesion strength and higher *** potentiodynamic polarization examinations revealed that the addition of clay particles slightly decreased the corrosion rate of the *** resistance of the clay-containing coating was attributed to its compactness,as indicated by the results of EIS tests.

关键词： wear corrosion clay particles plasma electrolytic oxidation Mg alloys

Side effects of budesonide in liver cirrhosis due to chronic autoimmune hepatitis: Influence of hepatic metabolism versus portosystemic shunts on a patient complicated with HCC

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2003年第12期9卷 2681-2685页

作者： Andreas Geier carsten Gartung Christoph G.Dietrich Hermann E.Wasmuth Patrick Reinartz Siegfried Matern Department of Intemal Medicine Ⅲ University of Technology (RWTH) AachenAachenGermany Nuclear Medicine University of Technology (RWTH) AachenAachenGermany Department of Internal Medicine Ⅲ University of Technology (RWTH) AachenAachenGermany

AIM:To investigate the systemic availability of budesonide in a patient with Child A cirrhosis due to autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary hepatocellular carcinoma,who developed serious side effects. METHODS:Serum levels of budesonide,6β-OH-budesonide and 16α-OH-prednisolon were measured by HPLC/MS/MS; portosystemic shunt-index (SI) was determined by 99mTc nuclear *** values were compared with a matched control patient without side effects. RESULTS:Serum levels of budesonide were 13-fold increased in the index *** ratio between serum levels of the metabolites 6β-OH-budesonide and 16α-OH- prednisolone,respectively,and serum levels of budesonide was diminished (1.0 vs.4.0 for 6β-OH-budesonide,4.2 vs. 10.7 for 16α-OH-prednisolone).Both patients had portosystemic SI (5.7 % and 3.1%) within the range of healthy ***:Serum levels of budesonide Vary uP to 13-fold in AIH Patients with Child A eirrhosis in the absenee ofrelevant Portosystemic *** hePatiemetabolism,as indicated by redueed metabolite-to-drugratio,rather than Portosystemie shunting may explainsystemic side effects of this drug in cirrhosis

关键词： Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical Aged Anti-Inflammatory Agents Budesonide Carcinoma, Hepatocellular Female Hepatitis, Autoimmune Humans Liver Liver Neoplasms Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Evaluation of the biodegradation product layer on Mg-1Zn alloy during dynamical strain

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第5期9卷 1842-1855页

作者： Lianxi Chen Cheng Guo carsten Blawert Junjie Yang Dongchu Chen Xiaojian Wang Zhentao Yu Mikhail L.Zheludkevich Wei Li School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy Foshan UniversityFoshanGuangdong 528000China Institute of Advanced Wear&Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Institute of Surface Science Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonGeesthacht 21502Germany College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Magnesium(Mg)alloys are attractive biodegradable implant *** degradation products on Mg alloys play a critical role in the stability of the interface between implant and surrounding *** the present study,the effects of dynamic deformation on the interface layer of biomedical Mg-1Zn alloy were investigated using the constant extension rate tensile tests(CERT)coupled with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The deformation of the Mg-1Zn alloy had an adverse influence on the impedance of the surface degradation layer formed in simulated body fluid that only containing inorganic ***,the surface degradation layer with improved corrosion resistance was obtained for the strained samples tested in protein-containing simulated body *** spontaneous or enhanced adsorption of protein into the degradation product led to a flexible and stable hybrid anti-corrosive layer.A relationship between the dynamic deformation of Mg alloy and the impendence of the degradation layer was established,which demonstrates the necessity for in situ characterisation of the evolution of the surface layer under dynamic condition.

关键词： Degradation layer Protein Biodegradable Mg alloy Dynamic deformation Impedance

Mechanochemical Difluoromethylations of Alcohols

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CCS Chemistry 2023年第8期5卷 1737-1744页

作者： Pit van Bonn Jinbo Ke Christopher Weike Jas SWard Kari Rissanen carsten Bolm Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University52074 Aachen Department of Chemistry University of Jyvaskyla40014 Jyväskylä

Difluoromethyl ethers are formed through mechanochemical reactions of alcohols with difluorocarbene in a mixer *** protocol could be applied to primary,secondary,and tertiary alcohols,yielding the corresponding products in excellent yields(up to 99%)after 1 h reaction time at room *** transformations proceeded under solvent-free reaction conditions,followed by product purification by filtration,which drastically reduced the amount of waste generated during the process.

关键词： mechanochemistry ball milling solventfree reaction difluorocarbene difluoromethyl ether

Micro-arc oxidation of magnesium alloys:A review

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第23期118卷 167-189页

作者： Wenhui Yao Liang Wu Jingfeng Wang Bin Jiang Dingfei Zhang Maria Serdechnova Tatsiana Shulha carsten Blawert Mikhail L.Zheludkevich Fusheng Pan College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Institute of Surface Science Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany Institute of Materials Science Faculty of EngineeringCAU Kiel UniversityKaiser Str.2Kiel 24143Germany

Magnesium(Mg)and its alloys present great potential to be extensively applied in different ***,the relatively poor resistance to corrosion and wear significantly restricts their applications in *** one of strategies of surface treatment,micro-arc oxidation(MAO)process attracts a lot of attention,since it does not use neither expensive equipment,nor complicated *** review systematically discusses MAO mechanism and some typical models,which still need to be further developed to provide a better understanding and guide for future ***,main influencing factors of MAO process are analyzed in ***,some popular applications of MAO coatings are respectively reviewed,including biomedical application,decoration,thermal control,corrosion and wear resistance,and industrial applications in *** existing issues and future perspectives are finally discussed to further accelerate extensive applications of Mg alloys.

关键词： Micro-arc oxidation Magnesium alloys Review Main MAO applications Existing issues and future perspective

DNA Copy Number Aberrations in Breast Cancer by Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization

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Genomics,Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2009年第Z1期 13-24页

作者： Vera Timmermans-Wielenga Fritz Rank carsten Wiuf Lars Bolund Department of Pathology Center of Diagnostic InvestigationsDK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark 2. Danish Center for Translational Breast Cancer ResearchDK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark 3. Bioinformatics Research Center University of AarhusDK-8000 Aarhus Denmark 4. Institute of Human Genetics University of AarhusDK-8000 Aarhus Denmark Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen

Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has been popularly used for analyzing DNA copy number variations in diseases like cancer. In this study, we investigated 82 sporadic samples from 49 breast cancer patients using 1-Mb resolution bacterial artificial chromosome CGH arrays. A number of highly frequent genomic aberrations were discovered, which may act as "drivers" of tumor progression. Meanwhile, the genomic profiles of four "normal" breast tissue samples taken at least 2 cm away from the primary tumor sites were also found to have some genomic aberrations that recurred with high frequency in the primary tumors, which may have important implications for clinical therapy. Additionally, we performed class comparison and class prediction for various clinicopathological parameters, and a list of characteristic genomic aberrations associated with different clinicopathological phenotypes was compiled. Our study provides clues for further investigations of the underlying mechanisms of breast carcinogenesis.

关键词： breast cancer genomic aberration array CGH clinicopathological parameter