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Determination of the standardized ileal digestible calcium requirement of Ross broilers from hatch to day 14 post-hatch

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 122-129页

作者： carrie l.Walk Raffaella Aureli Pauline Jenn DSM Nutritional Products Delves RoadHeanorDerbyshireDE757SGUnited Kingdom Research Center for Animal Nutrition and Health DSM Nutritional ProductsVillage-Neuf68128France

An experiment was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestible(SID)calcium requirement of fast-growing broilers from hatch to d 14 *** 308(n=360)male broilers were obtained on day of hatch and allocated to 1 of 5 treatments in battery *** were 6 birds per cage and 12 pens per *** treatments were formulated to contain 0.60%,0.46%,0.32%or 0.18%SID *** final treatment was formulated using total Ca to meet or exceed all nutrient requirements,including 0.90%total Ca and 0.49%non-phytate P(nPP),using the same *** treatment was the reference diet for comparison and validation of the SID Ca *** and feed were weighed at placement and on d *** and ileal contents were obtained on d 14 and excreta was collected per pen and pooled on d *** were analyzed using JMP Pro and requirements were estimated using 3different non-linear regression *** the SID Ca content in the diet from 0.18%to 0.60%improved(quadratic,Plity corrected feed conversion ratio(mFCR).The estimated SID Ca requirement to optimize gain or m FCR was between 0.39%and 0.52%.Tibia ash percent and weight increased(quadratic,Plization was improved in birds fed diets formulated using SID Ca compared with birds fed the reference *** conclusion,the SID Ca requirement of fast-growing broilers from hatch to d 14 was estimated between 0.534%and 0.398%when quadratic,straight-broken line,or quadratic-broken line regressions were *** results agree with previously published data evaluating the SID Ca requirement of fast-growth broilers from hatch to d 10.

关键词： Apparent ileal digestibility Digestible calcium Requirements Retention Tibia ash

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化学活动性流体在断裂带变形中的作用

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世界地质 1993年第1期 102-102页

作者： John M.logan carrie l.decker 刘志宏

三轴变形实验表明,室温下有化学流体（pH=10）参与的石英质断层泥的变形强度是其在干体系变形强度的44％。实验样品浸泡（完全浸湿）于有效围压10MPa、常量位移速率10-4S-1的NaCl溶液中。应变强度的降低与广泛的显微断裂有关。化学活动... 详细信息

三轴变形实验表明,室温下有化学流体（pH=10）参与的石英质断层泥的变形强度是其在干体系变形强度的44％。实验样品浸泡（完全浸湿）于有效围压10MPa、常量位移速率10-4S-1的NaCl溶液中。应变强度的降低与广泛的显微断裂有关。化学活动性流体的影响是降低石英的破碎强度（与干体系相比）。并且粉状物质的摩擦强度也降低。目前人们在含有方解石矿化作用的自然断裂带研究中发现一系列上述作用,但存在着争论。在这些实例中,唯独矿化作用沿断裂带分布并受断裂带控制。断裂在矿化好的地段宽达1m,而在弱矿化或未矿化的地段宽仅为几厘米。在所有实例中,方解石都是主要的矿物。

关键词：断裂带矿化作用方解石断层带构造带流体碎裂作用活动性

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Elucidating regulatory processes of intense physical activity by multi-omics analysis

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Military Medical Research 2024年第4期11卷 479-499页

作者： Ernesto S.Nakayasu Marina A.Gritsenko Young-Mo Kim Jennifer E.Kyle Kelly G.Stratton carrie D.Nicora Nathalie Munoz Kathleen M.Navarro Daniel Claborne Yuqian Gao Karl K.Weitz Vanessa l.Paurus Kent J.Bloodsworth Kelsey A.Allen lisa M.Bramer Fernando Montes Kathleen A.Clark Grant Tietje Justin Teeguarden Kristin E.Burnum-Johnson Biological Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Environmental and Molecular Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthWestern States DivisionDenverCO 80204USA Computational Analytics Division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA National Security Directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA los Angeles County Fire Department Los AngelesCA 90063USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthRespiratory Health DivisionMorgantownWV 26505USA Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

Background:Physiological and biochemical processes across tissues of the body are regulated in response to the high demands of intense physical activity in several occupations,such as firefighting,law enforcement,military,and sports.A better understanding of such processes can ultimately help improve human performance and prevent illnesses in the work ***:To study regulatory processes in intense physical activity simulating real-life conditions,we performed a multi-omics analysis of 3 biofluids(blood plasma,urine,and saliva)collected from 11 wildland firefighters before and after a 45 min,intense exercise *** profiles ***-exercise were compared by Student’s t-test followed by pathway analysis and comparison between the different omics ***:Our multi-omics analysis identified and quantified 3835 proteins,730 lipids and 182 metabolites combining the 3 different types of *** blood plasma analysis revealed signatures of tissue damage and acute repair response accompanied by enhanced carbon metabolism to meet energy *** urine analysis showed a strong,concomitant regulation of 6 out of 8 identified proteins from the renin-angiotensin system supporting increased excretion of catabolites,reabsorption of nutrients and maintenance of fluid *** saliva,we observed a decrease in 3 pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in 8 antimicrobial peptides.A systematic literature review identified 6 papers that support an altered susceptibility to respiratory ***:This study shows simultaneous regulatory signatures in biofluids indicative of homeostatic maintenance during intense physical activity with possible effects on increased infection susceptibility,suggesting that caution against respiratory diseases could benefit workers on highly physical demanding jobs.

关键词： Multi-omics analysis Intense exercise Human performance Biofluids Metabolism Immunity

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Phosphorus utilization response of pigs and broiler chickens to diets supplemented with antimicrobials and phytase

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第1期3卷 77-84页

作者： Katherine McCormick carrie l.Walk Craig l.Wyatt Olayiwola Adeola Department of Animal Sciences Purdue University JBS United AB Vista Feed Ingredients

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the phosphorus(P) utilization responses of pigs and broiler chickens to dietary supplementation with antimicrobials and phytase and to determine if P digestibility response to phytase is affected by supplementation with antimicrobials. Experiment 1 used 4 diets(a basal negative control formulated to contain 0.41% total P and 0.71% calcium [Ca] without added antimicrobials, basal negative control with added carbadox, basal negative control with added tylosin, or basal negative control with added virginiamycin) and six 18-kg barrows in individual metabolism crates per diet. There was no effect of antimicrobials on P and Ca digestibility or retention. Carbadox supplementation increased(P lity and retention of gross energy(GE) and supplementation with tylosin increased(P lative to the basal negative control diet. Experiment 2 used eight 19-kg barrows in individual metabolism crates per treatment and 9 dietary treatments arranged in a 3×3 factorial of antimicrobials(none, tylosin, or virginiamycin) and phytase(0, 500, or 1,500 FTU/kg).Phytase addition to the diets linearly increased(Pl tract digestibility or retention of P, Ca, nitrogen(N) and GE. Supplementation with antimicrobials did not affect apparent total tract digestibility or retention of P, Ca, N or GE. There were linear effects(P lization in diets that were not supplemented with antimicrobials but only tendencies(P lemented with tylosin or virginiamycin. Phytase linearly improved(P lization in diets supplemented with tylosin or virginiamycin but not in diets without added antimicrobials. Experiment 3 was a broiler chicken experiment with the same experimental design as Exp. 2 but feeding 8 birds per cage and 10 replicate cages per diet. Antimicrobial supplementation improved(P losin improved(P < 0.05) tibia as

关键词： Antimicrobials Chickens Phosphorus Phytase Pigs

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Internet Addiction： Just Facebook Me! The Role of Social Networking Sites in Internet Addiction

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Computer Technology and Application 2012年第3期3卷 262-267页

作者： carrie l. Carmody Department of Psychology and Social Behavior University of California lrvine CA 92697 US

Internet based social-networking sites like Facebook are highly attractive, user-friendly, and increasingly popular. Current estimates indicate over 750 million users of Facebook alone. However, Internet addiction is an increasing problem amongst today＇s youth and as yet, is understudied in the United States. This study looked at the relationship between this new social-networking tool and the increasing phenomenon of internet addiction symptoms using both a US college sample （age 19years） and a US high-school sample （age 14years）. Findings indicate that SNS （Social Networking Site） activity maybe more predictive of addictive behaviors than general internet use and that higher percents of symptomology occur in those users reporting SNS activity as their primary internet activity.

关键词： Social networking internet addiction youth.

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Contraception and Venous Thromboembolism: Risk Factors and Clinical Considerations

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017年第1期7卷 16-30页

作者： Ashley Waddington carrie Ferguson Robert l. Reid Division of Reproductive Endocrinology Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Queen’s University Kingston Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John’s Canada

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a known risk with some forms of hormonal contraception, and should be considered by health care providers when counselling patients about their contraceptive options. Various other risk factors exist for VTE, including family history of VTE and a personal history of VTE or thrombophilia. This article will summarize various known risk factors for VTE, as well as what is known about the VTE risk imparted by the use of different contraceptives.

关键词： Venous Thromboembolism Family History Contraception

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Effect of feeding broilers diets differing in susceptible phytate content

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Animal Nutrition 2016年第1期2卷 33-39页

作者： Natalie K.Morgan carrie l.Walk Michael R.Bedford Dawn V.Scholey Emily J.Burton School of Animal Rural and Environmental Science Nottingham Trent University AB Vista Feed Ingredients

Measurements of total phytate phosphorus content of diets may be deceptive as they do not indicate substrate availability for phytase; it may be that measurements of phytate susceptible to phytase effects are a more accurate measure of phosphorus(P) availability to the bird. To verify this hypothesis, an experiment was conducted to compare diets formulated to contain either high or low susceptible phytate, supplemented with either 0 or 500 FTU/kg phytase. Susceptible phytate was determined by exposing the feed samples to conditions that mimicked the average pH of the proximal gastrointestinal tract(pH 4.5) and the optimum temperature for phytase activity(37℃) and then measuring phytate dissolved. Ross 308 birds(n = 240) were fed one of 4 dietary treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial design; 2 diets with high(8.54 g/kg, 57.90% of total phytate) or low(5.77 g/kg, 46.33% of total phytate) susceptible phytate, containing 0 or 500 FTU/kg phytase. Diets were fed to broilers(12 replicate pens of 5 birds per pen) from d 0 to 28 post hatch. Birds fed diets high in susceptible phytate had greater phytate hydrolysis in the gizzard(P leum(P lting greater body weight gain(BWG)(P = 0.015) and lower FCR(P = 0.003) than birds fed the low susceptible phytate diets,irrespective of phytase presence. Birds fed the high susceptible diets also had greater P solubility in the gizzard and Ca and P solubility in the jejunum and ileum(P lting greater tibia and femur Ca and P(P low susceptible diets. All the susceptible phytate was fully degraded in the tract in the absence of added phytase, suggesting the assay used in this study was able to successfully estimate the amount of total dietary phytate that was susceptible to the effects of phytase when used at standard levels. No interactions were observed between susceptible phytate and phytase on phytate hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of phytate was greate

关键词： Broiler Phytate Digestibility Phytase Phosphorus

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Identification of ebs1, lsm6and nup159as suppressors of spt10 effects at ADH2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiaesuggests post-transcriptional defects affect mRNA synthesis

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2012年第3期2卷 276-285页

作者： Bradley Anderson carrie Ann May Clyde l. Denis Department of Molecular Cellular and Biomedical Sciences University of New Hampshire Durham NH USA

Suppression of the effects of an spt10 mutation on ADH2 expression is a phenotype shared by a small number of genes whose protein products are either components of the CCR4-NOT complex required for mRNA deadenylation and degradation (CCR4, CAF1, NOT4) or have been shown to interact with the complex (DBF2, SRB9, SRB10). In this work, we conducted a screen for additional suppressors of spt10 at ADH2 to identify new factors related to CCR4 function. In addition to reisolating ccr4 and caf1 alleles, three previously unidentified suppressors of spt10 were obtained: ebs1, lsm6, and nup159. These three genes are known or presumed to affect mRNA export or degradation. Mutations in EBS1, lSM6 and NUP159 not only suppressed spt10-induced ADH2 expression but also, like ccr4 and caf1 defects, reduced the ability of ADH2 to derepress. None of these defects affected the expression of CCR4-NOT complex components or the formation of the CCR4-NOT complex. The reduced ADH2 expression was also not the result of increased degradation of ADH2 mRNA, as the lsm6 and nup159 alleles, like that of a ccr4 deletion, actually slowed ADH2 degradation. Our results indicate that alterations in factors that slow mRNA degradation or affect mRNA transport may also interfere with the synthesis of mRNA and suggest an integration of such events in gene expression.

关键词： CCR4-NOT Complex Transcription mRNA Degradation mRNA Export

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The Younger the Patients the less Adverse Effect of Diminished Oocyte Reserve on Outcome Following in vitro Fertilization-embryo Transfer as long as the Proper Ovarian Stimulation Protocol is Used

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2013年第4期24卷 221-227页

作者： Jerome H.CHECK carrie WIlSON Cooper Medical School of Rowan University Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology&InfertilityCamdenNew JerseyUSA Cooper Institute For Reproductive Hormonal Disorders P.C. MarltonNew JerseyUSA

Objective To determine the confounding effect of oocyte reserve and age on pregnancy rates per oocyte retrieval and a comparison of the average number of babies born from a given oocyte harvest. Methods In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer （IVF-ET） cycles were retrospectively reviewed over a l O-year period They were stratified according to whether they had normal oocyte reserve （day 3 serum FSH 〈12 mlU/ml and serum estradiol 〈50 pg/ml） or diminished oocyte reserve. Mild stimulation was used if low oocyte reserve. The pregnancy rate per retrieval included all pregnancies （fresh or frozen embryo transfer） resulting from one retrieval. The average number of babies born was also compared according to reserve. Results For the diminished oocyte reserve group, the live delivered pregnancy rates per transfer were 80% as good in women aged 〈35 years, 70% as good in women 3639 years, but only 43% as good as women aged 40-42 years. However, because of more total embryos the pregnancy rate per given oocyte retrieval was only 55% as good for women with diminished oocyte reserve aged 〈39 years. The average number of babies born per retrieval was twice as high as those with normal reserve for this age group. Conclusion The use of mild follicle stimulating hormone （FSH） stimulation allows a live delivered pregnancy rate per transfer that is 75% as good for women aged 〈39 years but because of less embryos a likelihood of pregnancy rate per retrieval only half as good as women with normal reserve.

关键词： live delivered pregnancy rates ovarian reserve mild ovarian hyperstimulation

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A novel algorithm for describing population level trends in body weight

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Health 2012年第12期4卷 1514-1521页

作者： Azadeh Alimadad carrie Matteson Warren l. Hare Ozge Karanfil Diane T. Finegood Department of Biomedical Physiology & Kinesiology Simon Fraser University Burnaby Canada Faculty of Health Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby Canada Modeling of Complex Social Systems Program Simon Fraser University Burnaby Canada Sloan School of Management MIT Cambridge USA

Modeling population trends and predicting the impact of interventions to address obesity requires algorithms for predicting body weight status in the future. Predictions can be based on statistical consideration of different risk factors, or be an extrapolation of past and current trends. Despite the well known correlation between previous and future weight, individual weight history has not been used to predict future trends. We developed a novel population-level model to examine trends of different classes of body weight considering individual body weight histories from the National longitudinal Survey of Youth (NlSY79). A subset of data used to assess the predictive ability of our proposed model with actual data. Our results confirm the importance of weight history in determining future weight status. Over 80% of individuals in a specific weight category (normal, overweight, obese) will stay in the same weight category after two years (except overweight females). The length of body weight stability was also found to be important. The probability of remaining normal weight increased with longer prior periods of being at a normal weight over 18 years (0.834 to 0.893). We demonstrate that an individual’s most probable weight class in the future is consistent with their maximal historical weight class.

关键词： Body Weight Modeling Obesity

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