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Older Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:Energy costs of human activities in adults aged 60 and older

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 13-17,F0003页

作者： Erik A.willis Stephen D.Herrmann mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht Tiago V.Barreira John m.Schuna Jr. Zhenghua Cai minghui Quan Scott A.Conger Wendy J.Brown Barbara E.Ainsworth Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Kansas Center for metabolism and Obesity Research The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and Weight management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Clinical Science Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA Exercise Science Department Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA School of Exercise&Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Department of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA School of Human movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia Faculty of Health Sciences and medicine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4229Australia College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA

Purpose:To describe the development of a Compendium for estimating the energy costs of activities in adults>60 years(OA Compendium).methods:Physical activities(PAs)and their metabolic equivalent of task(mET)values were obtained from a systematic search of studies published in 4 sport and exercise databases(Pubmed,Embase,SPORTDiscus(EBSCOhost),and Scopus)and a review of articles included in the 2011 Adult Compendium that measured PA in older *** values were computed as the oxygen cost(VO_(2),mL/kg/min)during PA divided by 2.7 m L/kg/min(mET_(60+))to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in older ***:We identified 68 articles and extracted energy expenditure data on 427 *** these,we derived 99 unique Specific Activity codes with corresponding mET_(60+)values for older *** developed a website to present the OA Compendium mET_(60+)values:https://***:The OA Compendium uses data collected from adults>60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of PAs in older *** is an accessible resource that will allow researchers,educators,and practitioners to find mET_(60+)values for older adults for use in PA research and practice.

关键词： Energy expenditure Exercise mET Older adults

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2024 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:A third update of the energy costs of human activities

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 6-12页

作者： Stephen D.Herrmann Erik A.willis Barbara E.Ainsworth Tiago V.Barreira mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht John m.Schuna Jr. Zhenghui Cai minghui Quan Catrine Tudor-Locke melicia C.Whitt-Glover David R. Jacobs Jr. Kansas Center for metabolism and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and Weight management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Exercise Science Department Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA Clinical Sciences Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA School of Exercise and Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA College of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA Gramercy Research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

Background:The Compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(PA)across *** original version was updated in 2000,and again in 2011,and has been widely used to support PA research,practice,and public health ***:This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those≥60 *** a systematic review and supplementary searches,we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent(mET)values(using indirect calorimetry)published since *** replaced estimated mETs with measured values when ***:We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 PA energy expenditure values from 701 *** added303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing mET values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of mETs for older *** added a major Heading(Video Games).The 2024 Adult Compendium includes 1114 PAs(912 with measured and 202 with estimated values)across 22 major ***:This comprehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult Compendium,which has utility across research,public health,education,and healthcare domains,as well as in the development of consumer health *** new website with the complete lists of PAs and supporting resources is available at https://***.

关键词： Adults Energy expenditure Exercise mET Physical Activities

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通过狗的嗅觉发现膀胱癌患者:一项原理循证研究

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英国医学杂志中文版 2005年第1期8卷 63-63页

作者： carolyn m willis Susannah m Church Claire m Guest W Andrew Cook Noel mc Carthy Anthea J Bransbury martin R T Church John C T Church 刘炬

目的：研究经过训练的狗能否通过辨别尿的气味发现比按概率计算更高比率的膀胱癌患者。研究方法：按实验性原理循证研究方法进行实验。训练6只狗辨别膀胱癌患者、其他疾病患者以及健康对照者的尿样。然后，测试它们从7份尿样中辨别出1... 详细信息

目的：研究经过训练的狗能否通过辨别尿的气味发现比按概率计算更高比率的膀胱癌患者。研究方法：按实验性原理循证研究方法进行实验。训练6只狗辨别膀胱癌患者、其他疾病患者以及健康对照者的尿样。然后，测试它们从7份尿样中辨别出1份膀胱癌患者尿样的准确率。

关键词：膀胱癌疾病患者循证研究尿样实验性发现对照嗅觉辨别气味

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The impact of raw material properties and process conditions on the color of a powdered formulated detergent product

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Particuology 2019年第4期17卷 35-41页

作者： mohamed S. manga David willis Nurafiqah m. Ali David W. York School of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom

The appearance of deterge nt powder plays an importa nt role in con sumer perception of powder effectiveness for cleaning applications. In this study, we investigated the influence of numerous formulation and processing conditions on product discoloration. Product color was scrutinized using the L*a*b* color space, and in particular, L* and b*. Particle size, the method for introducing the optical brightener, and the raw material grade were very important in con trolling the optical properties of detergent granules. As the particle size decreased, the light reflected to the observer appeared brighter and bluer. This was observed as increased whiteness from L*= 84.03 with a particle size of >841 μm to L*= 90.59 with a particle size of m. Reducing the level of impurities found in the raw materials by changing the material source also improved color definition. A key finding is that the optical brightener should be applied by spraying and prepared by dispersion rather than dissolution. This improves the distribution within the granules and increases the whiteness when compared with pouring the brightener into the agglomeration vessel. Additional spray applications highlighted that brightener on the granule surface influenced whiteness more than embedded brightener. In addition, we report on the effects of the drying temperature and mixer impeller speed on powder color.

关键词： Detergent powder Powder processing Powder discoloration Optical brightener Characterization

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modelling dynamic pantograph loads with combined numerical analysis

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第1期32卷 81-94页

作者： F.F.Jackson R.mishra J.m.Rebelo J.Santos P.Antunes J.Pombo H.magalhaes L.Wills m.Askill School of Computing and Engineering University of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK School of Computing and Engineering Institute of Railway ResearchUniversity of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK IDmEC Instituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal ISEL Instituto Politecnico de LisboaLisbonPortugal Hitachi Rail Newton AycliffeUK Wabtec/Brecknell willis ChardUK

Appropriate interaction between pantograph and catenary is imperative for smooth operation of electric *** heights of overhead lines to accommodate level crossings,overbridges,and tunnels pose significant challenges in maintaining consistent current collection performance as the pantograph aerodynamic profile,and thus aerodynamic load changes significantly with operational *** research aims to analyse the global flow characteristics and aerodynamic forces acting on individual components of an HSX pantograph operating in different configurations and orientations,such that the results can be combined with multibody simulations to obtain accurate dynamic insight into contact ***,computational fluid dynamics simulations are used to investigate the pantograph component loads in a representative setting,such as that of the recessed cavity on a Class 800 *** an aerodynamic perspective,this study indicates that the total drag force acting on non-fixed components of the pantograph is larger for the knuckle-leading orientation rather than the knuckle-trailing,although the difference between the two is found to reduce with increasing pantograph *** the aerodynamic loads acting on individual components with multibody tools allows for realistic dynamic insight into the pantograph *** results obtained show how considering aerodynamic forces enhance the realism of the models,leading to behaviour of the pantograph-catenary contact forces closely matching that seen in experimental tests.

关键词： Pantograph-catenary interaction Pantograph aerodynamics Computational fluid dynamics Pantograph loads Current collection performance

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Understanding Fate and Effects of Copper Pesticides in Aquatic Systems

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第5期4卷 37-42页

作者： Ben E. willis West m. Bishop SePRO Research and Technology Campus SePRO Corporation Whitakers NC USA

Copper sulfate and other chelated or complex copper forms are commonly used to manage nuisance and noxious algae and invasive weeds through direct application to aquatic systems. Regulatory scrutiny and perceived non-target species impacts supported the need for an accurate risk assessment of fate and effects of copper applied as a pesticide. Copper inputs to aquatic systems originate from numerous sources (e.g. natural, storm water, industrial) whereas direct pesticide applications account for approximately 13%. Following a pesticide application, copper rapidly partitions to suspended algae and particulates and the majority (>90%) of applied copper is transferred to sediments within 2 days. Copper subsequently shifts to less bioavailable forms and risks to non-target species are significantly decreased. Additionally, the copper that partitions to sediments is diluted through migration to greater sediments depths and accretion. Even when elevated sediment copper concentrations were measured following chronic applications or high treatment levels, no adverse effects to non-target species were observed with laboratory or field experiments. When used appropriately copper can be an effective tool for water resource managers with negligible environmental impact.

关键词： Sediments Risks Bioavailability Algaecide Herbicide Copper

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Detection of low energy solar neutrinos by a two-phase cryogenic e-bubble detector

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第21期52卷 3011-3015页

作者： JU YongLin GU Yan J. DODD R. GALEA m. LELTCHOUK W. willis P. REHAK V. TCHERNIATINE Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240 China Nevis Laboratories Columbia University P. O. Box 137 Irvington NY 10533 USA Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA

A new two-phase cryogenic neutrino detector using electron bubble (e-bubble) specifically in liquid helium is proposed and being developed for real time, high rate measurements of low-energy p-p reac- tion neutrinos from the sun. The e-bubble detector is a time projection chamber-like (TPC) tracking detector. The task of such a neutrino detector is to detect the ionization of the elastically scattered target electrons by incident neutrinos, and then to characterize their energy and direction and to dis- tinguish them from radioactive backgrounds. The ionization signals are expected to be small and hence undergo avalanche amplification in the saturated vapor above the liquid phase by gas electron multi- pliers (GEms) at high gain. Higher granularity and intrinsically suppressed ion feedback give a good spatial resolution and are the major advantages of this technology. It should be possible to construct such a detector to track charged particles down to 100―200 keV in a massive liquid helium target with fractional millimeter spatial resolution in three-dimensional space, using the GEm-based TPC with a high-resolution CCD camera, for both the electronic and light readout.

关键词：低温探测器太阳微中子电子泡沫能源

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Comparison of Water Resource management Programs: An Algae Action Threshold Level Approach

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2017年第2期7卷 31-41页

作者： West m. Bishop Ben E. willis SePRO Research and Technology Campus 16013 Watson Seed Farm Rd. Whitakers NC USA Department of Crop and Soil Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA

Water resource management programs designed to control nuisance algal infestations have historically been dominated by reactive approaches. With increased regulatory scrutiny regarding algaecide use, data regarding efficacy of integrated management approaches are needed. This research outlines an efficient method of comparing management programs based upon exceeding designated algae action threshold levels (AATL) in pond systems. Phosphorus mitigating technologies were specifically evaluated as phosphorus had been indicated in supporting many nuisance algal types/densities. The objectives of this research were to evaluate pond management programs in terms of action thresholds exceeded, number of reactive algaecide treatments and algaecide amount required to maintain ponds below AATL. This research compared management programs consisting of: 1) Copper sulfate;2) SeClear Algaecide and Water Quality Enhancer;and 3) Phoslock phosphorus binding technology plus SeClear (as needed). Water and algae samples were analyzed every two weeks over two growing seasons on replicated research ponds and compared with designated AATL parameters. If an AATL was exceeded, then a reactive algaecide treatment was implemented for the corresponding water body. Ponds managed by copper sulfate alone exceeded a greater amount of AATL and required a significantly greater (P mount of reactive algaecide treatments to maintain control (average 6.5 annually) whereas SeClear and Phoslock plus ponds required 4.3 and 1.8 treatments, respectively. The average amount of copper applied to maintain ponds below AATL was 1414 g with copper sulfate whereas copper amendments were significantly decreased with SeClear (830 g) and even further with Phoslock plus management programs (342 g). Additionally, management programs incorporating nutrient mitigation required fewer treatments and less copper in year two of the program. This research provides valuable information for water resource managers to eva

关键词： Water Resource management Algal Bloom Action Threshold Phosphorus Copper

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PERFORmANCE OF CROSSBRED LAmBS FROm THREE TERmINAL SIRE BREEDS UNDER UPLAND GRASSLAND CONDITIONS IN THE NORTH EAST OF ENGLAND--2. LAmBS GROWTH RATE DURING DIFFERENT PERIODS FROm BIRTH TO SLAUGHTER

PERFORMANCE OF CROSSBRED LAMBS FROM THREE TERMINAL SIRE BREE...

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面向21世纪的动物科学与动物医学国际研讨会

作者： B.G.merrell m.Yaqoob m.B.willis mAFF/ADAS Redesdale EHF Rochester Department of Livestock management University of Agriculture Department of Agriculture The University Newcastle upon Tyne

＜正＞This study investigated the growth of lambs from birth to 30 days（GR1）, 30 to 86 days（GR2）, 86 to 119 days（GR3）, birth to weaning（GR4） and birth to slaughter（GR5）, sired by Charollais, Suffolk and Texel rams out of mule ewes （Bluefaced Leicester males X Scottish Blackface or Swaledale females） over a three years period in an upland flock in the North East of England. A total of 10 unrelated rams of each breed were used as sires. It included records on 1042 Suffolk, Texel and Charollais sired lambs collected over a three year period （1987-1989）. Only

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Inactivation of Salmonella Species on New mexico Green Chile Peppers by Flame Roasting

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第7期2卷 851-855页

作者： Ruben Zapata Paul Browning Cecelia Garcia David Lucero willis m. Fedio Food Safety Laboratory New Mexico State University Las Cruces NM 88001 USA marketing and Development Division New Mexico Department of Agriculture Las Cruces NM 88001 USA

Salmonella spp. have been implicated in foodborne disease outbreaks involving chile peppers, usually in combination foods such as chile rellenos, salsa, pico de gallo, guacamole and others where the source of contamination is uncertain. Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 was used in this study to artificially inoculate green chile peppers. Green chile peppers were weighed and artificially contaminated by applying the calculated inoculation volumes of 4 o,L per g of pepper. No presumptive salmonellae were found on any of the peppers prior to inoculation with S. Typhimurium. Twenty inoculated chiles were transferred to a custom built lab-scale roaster and then flame roasted for five minutes until they were blistered on the surface, as is commonly at New mexico supermarkets. The surface temperature of representative chiles was measured with an infrared thermometer. Flame roasting of green chile peppers is effective in reducing bacterial contaminants on fresh green chile peppers. Based on the TSAYE counts where inoculated chile peppers had a mean plate count of 7.21 and the roasted chile peppers 2.71 and 2.75, a 4.5 log reduction was seen. Results reveal the effectiveness of flame roasting on the microbiological safety and quality of roasted green chile peppers.

关键词： Salmonella spp. green chile peppers flame roasting.

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