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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2014年第2期5卷 63-71页

作者： Peter V. Bui carolyn J. Sachs Malinda Wheeler David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles USA Department of Emergency Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles USA Forensic Nurse Specialists Inc. Los Alamitos USA

Objective: We sought to investigate correlates of anogenital injuries (AGIs) in adolescents. Methods: Our retrospective study included sexually assaulted female patients aged 12 to 17 reporting attempted or completed vaginal or anal penetration between 2002 and 2011. Forensic nurses performed anogenital examinations using colposcopy, digital macrovisualization, and toluidine blue dye application. We reviewed case files for AGIs and demographic and sexual assault characteristics. Results: Of the 1961 sexual assault examinations that met our inclusion criteria, 59.6% displayed AGIs. Our logistic regression model using 1752 examinations found the following variables associated with less injury: intercourse within 5 days prior to assault (OR 0.72, 95% CI = 0.55 to 0.95);post-coital interval of 49-72 (OR 0.50, 95% CI = 0.36 to 0.71), 73-96 (OR 0.41, 95% CI = 0.25 to 0.68), and 97-120 hours (OR 0.26, 95% CI = 0.13 to 0.51). Only lack of prior sexual experience was associated with increased injury (OR 2.01, 95% CI = 1.58 to 2.55). Conclusions: In our adolescent patient population, examination findings of AGIs correlate with variables related to time from assault and prior sexual experience.

关键词： Sexual Assault Statutory Rape Female Adolescents Anogenital Injury Forensic Nursing

In Vitro Anti-tuberculosis Activity of Total Crude Extract of Echinops Amplexicaulis against Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

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Journal of Health Science 2018年第4期6卷 296-303页

作者： Komakech Kevin Kateregga John Namaganda carolyn Semugenze Demck Aloysius Lubega Department of Veterinary Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity MakerereUniversity P.O. Box 7062 Kampala Uganda Department of Microbiology Mycobacteriology (BSL-3 ) Laboratory College of Health Science Makerere University P.O. Box7072 Kampala Uganda Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics College of Health Sciences Makerere University P.O. Box 7072 Kampala Uganda

Background： TB （Tuberculosis） is the second leading killer infectious disease after HIV （human immunodeficiency virus）. Its incidence is worsened by development of multi-drag resistant and extensive drug resistant TB stxains. Available treatment regimens are expensive, toxic and lengtjy resulting to problems of non-adherence and inadequate response. Medicinal plants on the other hand may offer hope for developing alternative medicine for treatment of TB. This study evaluated the anti-tuberculosis activity of Echinops amplexicaulis. Materials and methods： Total crude extracts ofE. amplexicaulis were tested for activity against a wild strain resistant to Rifampicin and Isoniazid （MDR）, a fully susceptible laboratory strain （H37Rv） and Mycobacwrium boris （BCG strain） using disk diffusion method. MIC （minimum inhibitory concentration） was determined using Middlebrook 7H9 broil1. The strains were sub-cultured on Middlebrook 7H10 medium and MBC （minimum bactericidal concentration） determined. Susceptibility was evaluated by measuring zones of inhibition; MIC was obtained as the lowest concentration with no significant growth as shown by clog formation ofMTB （Mycobacwria tuberculosis） cells on the walls of the macro broth tube and MBC was obtained as the lowest concentration that inhibited growth of MTB colonies on Middlebrook 7H10 medium. Results： The extract showed a significant effect at a concentration of 50 mg/mL against all the three test strains F （2, 18） = 437.7, p = 0.00. It exhibited a MIC of 0.0488 mg/mL against MDR-TB and M. boris. Its MBC was the same at 0.0977 mg/mL against both MDR TB and M. boris. The MIC was much lower （0.0122 mg/mL） for the H37Rv strain. Terpenoids, alkaloids and tannins were present in large amount in the extract while saponins were present in small amounts. Flavonoids were not detected in the extract. Conclusion： E. amplexicaulis has the potential to be developed into new anti-TB drug and outcome of tile study supports the folkloric cla

关键词： Echinops amplexicaulis anti-tuberculosis activity multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.

Adapting to the Physical Changes of Aging with COPD

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Advances in Aging Research 2015年第4期4卷 120-132页

作者： Gail Low Donna Wilson Michael Stickland carolyn Ross Eric Wong Faculty of Nursing University of Alberta Edmonton Canada G. F. MacDonald Centre for Lung Health Covenant Health Edmonton Canada Division of Pulmonary Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Canada

The prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is growing, and people are living with this disease well into older age. Little is known about how people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease adapt to aging, particularly the physical changes of aging. According to the Identity Process Theory, people are inclined to attribute age-related changes in physical functioning to a transitory state of health, but not their physical health or appearance. Attributing one’s physical functioning to aging itself makes people believe that they are physically “old” and enhances negative affect. We tested the Identity Process Theory using secondary physical functioning and physical health data collected from 87 pulmonary rehabilitation program participants with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (age range = 47 - 82 years of age). Transient health states were participants’ 6-Minute Walk Distance and perceived breathlessness during a time-limited exercise test using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale. Participants’ age-related changes in physical functioning were attributed to walk distances and their physical health to the physical changes of aging (X2 = 18.55, df = 10, p = 0.05;GFI = 0.95;RMSEA = 0.10). These attribution patterns were replicated in the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion model (X2 = 13.34, df = 10, p = 0.21;GFI = 0.96;RMSEA = 0.06). The attributing of age-related changes in physical functioning to either transient health state circumvented their propensity for negative affect. Our findings are discussed in relation to maintaining physical functioning and general physical health promotion among Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program participants with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

关键词： Aging Physical Identity Pulmonary Rehabilitation COPD Mental Health

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Review of Anti-diabetic Pharmacologic Therapies

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第2期6卷 168-174页

作者： Heather S.Snyder Sami A.Sakaan Katherine L.March Osama Siddique Rosann Cholankeril carolyn D.Cummings Chiran Gadiparthi Sanjaya K.Satapathy Aijaz Ahmed George Cholankeril Department of Pharmacy Methodist University HospitalMemphisTNUSA College of Pharmacy University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA Department of Medicine Memorial Hospital of Rhode IslandProvidenceRIUSA Roger Williams Medical Center ProvidenceRIUSA Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute University of Tennessee Health Sciences CenterMemphisTNUSA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),the most common cause of liver disease,affects approximately 75 to 100 million *** with concurrent NAFLD and type 2 dia-betes mellitus have a higher risk of progressing to advanced fibrosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis compared to *** modifications,including weight loss,remain the mainstay of treatment for NAFLD,as there are no med-ications currently indicated for this disease ***-diabetic pharmacologic therapies aimed at improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing insulin production have been studied to determine their potential role in slowing the progression of *** this review,we focus on the evidence surrounding anti-diabetic medications and their ability to improve disease progression in patients with NAFLD.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Diabetes mellitus

English for Business Studies /

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2008年

作者： carolyn Walker with Paul Harvey.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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美国加州西梅产业化发展现状分析

中国果树 2014年第4期 82-84页

作者：周龙 carolyn DeBuse John E.Preece 新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院乌鲁木齐830052 美国加州大学戴维斯分校美国农业部农业研究局美国国家无性系种质资源圃

在查阅大量资料和实地调研的基础上,从美国加州西梅的栽培历史、栽培现状、栽培品种、果园管理、采收加工等方面进行阐述,分析了美国加州西梅产业化发展中存在的问题,以期为我国果树产业化发展提供借鉴。

关键词：西梅美国加州产业化发展现状

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接待外宾实用英语会话

作者：卡罗琳·休斯(carolyn Hughes) 肖熹光

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暮色带的珊瑚白化

环球科学 2024年第3期 20-20页

作者：卡罗琳·维尔克彭容(译) 不详

当海洋生物学家妮古拉·福斯特(Nicola Foster)和同事操纵一台遥控潜水器通过印度洋查戈斯群岛的珊瑚礁时,他们看到近海面的珊瑚礁色彩斑斓。但在海面下近91米处,在被海洋学家称为“暮色带”(twilight zone)的昏暗且较冷的水域中,一些... 详细信息

当海洋生物学家妮古拉·福斯特(Nicola Foster)和同事操纵一台遥控潜水器通过印度洋查戈斯群岛的珊瑚礁时,他们看到近海面的珊瑚礁色彩斑斓。但在海面下近91米处,在被海洋学家称为“暮色带”(twilight zone)的昏暗且较冷的水域中,一些珊瑚变成了幽灵般的白色,这使得它们很容易生病和死亡。

关键词：海洋生物学家遥控潜水器海洋学家珊瑚白化珊瑚礁近海面色彩斑斓福斯特

Factors influencing time course of pain after depot oil intramuscular injection of testosterone undecanoate

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第2期12卷 227-233页

作者： Gideon Sartorius carolyn Fennell Sasa Spasevska Leo Turner Ann J. Conway David J. Handelsman Andrology Department Concord Hospital ＆ ANZA C Research Institute Sydney NSW 2139 Australia

Pain following depot intramuscular （IM） injection of oil vehicle-based drugs has been little studied. This study aimed to determine prospectively the prevalence,determinants,severity and functional consequences of pain during the week after IM injection of 1 000 mg testosterone undecanoate （TU） in a 4-mL castor oil vehicle. Androgendeficient men receiving regular T replacement therapy at an academic andrology clinic were recruited to report pain scores using a coloured visual linear analogue scale at seven times over the first day and daily for a week after a deep IM gluteal injection. The time course and covariables influencing pain scores were analysed by mixed model analysis of variance （ANOVA）. Following 168 injections in 125 men,pain was reported by 80% of men,peaking immediately after injection,reaching only moderate severity,lasting 1-2 days and returning to baseline by day *** pain required little analgesic use and produced minimal interference in daily activities. The time course of pain scores was reproducible in the 43 men who underwent two consecutive injections. Pain was more severe in men who had an earlier painful injection,but less severe in older and more obese men. There were negligible differences in post-injection pain experience between experienced nurses administering injections. Deep IM gluteal injection of depot TU in 4-mL castor oil is well tolerated and post-injection pain is influenced by earlier painful injection experience,as well as age and obesity.

关键词： ageing intramuscular injection obesity pain testosterone