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Tracing the origin of large respiratory droplets by their deposition characteristics inside the respiratory tract during speech

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Building Simulation 2023年第5期16卷 781-794页

作者： Yihan Wang Jianjian Wei caroline x.gao Tao Jin Li Liu Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Technology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310000China Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash UniversityMelbourneVIC3004Australia Department of Building Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Origin of differently sized respiratory droplets is fundamental for clarifying their viral loads and the sequential transmission mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor *** talking activities characterized by low(0.2 L/s),medium(0.9 L/s),and high(1.6 L/s)airflow rates of monosyllabic and successive syllabic vocalizations were investigated by computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations based on a real human airway *** k-ωmodel was chosen to predict the airflow field,and the discrete phase model(DPM)was used to calculate the trajectories of droplets within the respiratory *** results showed that flow field in the respiratory tract during speech is characterized by a significant laryngeal jet,and bronchi,larynx,and pharynx-larynx junction were main deposition sites for droplets released from the lower respiratory tract or around the vocal cords,and among which,over 90%of droplets over 5μm released from vocal cords deposited at the larynx and pharynx-larynx ***,droplets’deposition fraction increased with their size,and the maximum size of droplets that were able to escape into external environment decreased with the airflow *** threshold size for droplets released from the vocal folds was 10-20μm,while that for droplets released from the bronchi was 5-20μm under various airflow ***,successive syllables pronounced at low airflow rates promoted the escape of small droplets,but do not significantly affect the droplet threshold *** study indicates that droplets larger than 20μm may entirely originate from the oral cavity,where viral loads are lower;it provides a reference for evaluating the relative importance of large-droplet spray and airborne transmission route of COVID-19 and other respiratory infections.

关键词： respiratory droplets deposition viral load airborne transmission COVID-19

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Molecular signature of soil organic matter under different land uses in the Lake Chaohu Basin

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Eco-Environment & Health 2022年第4期1卷 212-218页

作者： Han gao Huixin Li Chen Lin Pedro J.J.Alvarez caroline A.Masiello Dongqiang Zhu Ao Kong xiaolei Qu State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Finance Nanjing University of Finance and EconomicsNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control Nanjing Institute of Environmental SciencesMinistry of Ecology and Environment of ChinaNanjing 210042China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rice UniversityHouston TX 77005USA Department of Earth Environmental and Planetary SciencesRice UniversityHouston TX 77005USA School of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The concentration and molecular composition of soil organic matter(SOM)are important factors in mitigation against climate change as well as providing other ecosystem *** quantitative understanding of how land use influences SOM molecular composition and associated turnover dynamics is limited,which underscores the need for high-throughput analytical approaches and molecular marker signatures to clarify this *** a high-throughput untargeted mass spectrometry screening and molecular markers,we show that forest,farmland and urban land uses result in distinct molecular signatures of SOM in the Lake Chaohu *** markers indicate that forest SOM has abundant carbon contents from vegetation and condensed organic carbon,leading to high soil organic carbon(SOC)*** SOM has moderate carbon contents from vegetation,and limited content of condensed organic carbon,with SOC significantly lower than that of forest *** SOM has high abundance of condensed organic carbon markers due to anthropogenic activities but relatively low in markers from ***,urban soils have the highest black carbon/SOC ratio among these land ***,our results suggested that the molecular signature of SOM varies significantly with land use in the Lake Chaohu Basin,influencing carbon *** strategy of molecular fingerprinting and marker discovery is expected to enlighten further research on SOM molecular signatures and cycling dynamics.

关键词： High-throughput untargeted mass spectrometry screening Mass spectrum processing algorithm Soil organic matter Molecular signature Land use

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Allele-aware chromosome-level genome assembly of Artemisia annua reveals the correlation between ADS expansion and artemisinin yield

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Molecular Plant 2022年第8期15卷 1310-1328页

作者： Baosheng Liao xiaofeng Shen Li xiang Shuai Guo Shiyu Chen Ying Meng Yu Liang Dandan Ding Junqi Bai Dong Zhang Tomasz Czechowski Yi Li Hui Yao Tingyu Mai caroline Howard Chao Sun Haitao Liu Jiushi Liu Jin Pei Jihai gao Jigang Wang xiaohui Qiu Zhihai Huang Hongyi Li Ling Yuan Jianhe Wei lan Graham Jiang xu Boli Zhang Shilin Chen Instituteof ChineseMateria Medica China Academyof ChineseMedical SciencesBeijing 100700China Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration the Second Clinical CollegeGuangzhou Universityof ChineseMedicineGuangzhou510006China Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100193China Artemisinin Research.Center China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China Pharmacy College Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 611137China Centre for Novel Agricultural Products Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Trust Genome CampusHinxton CB101RQUK Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40546USA Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement&Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany South China Botanical GardenChineseAcademyof SciencesGuangzhou 510520China School of Chinese Materia Medica Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 300193China Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137China

Artemisia annua is the major natural source of artemisinin,an anti-malarial medicine commonly used ***,we present chromosome-level haploid maps for two *** strains with different artemisinin contents to explore the relationships between genomic organization and artemisinin ***-fidelity sequencing,optical mapping,and chromatin conformation capture sequencing were used to assemble the heterogeneous and repetitive genome and resolve the haplotypes of *** 5o,ooo genes were annotated for each haplotype genome,and a triplication event that occurred approximately 58.12million years ago was examined for the first time in this species.A total of 3,903,467-5,193,414 variants(SNPs,indels,and structural variants)were identified in the 1.5-Gb genome during pairwise comparison between haplotypes,consistent with the high heterozygosity of this *** analyses revealed a correlation between artemisinin concents and the copy number of amorpha-4,11-dienes *** correlation was further confirmed by resequencing of *** samples with varied artemisinin *** consensus sequencing of transcripts facilitated the detection of paralog ***,our study provides chromosome-level allele-aware genome assemblies for two *** strains and new insights into the biosynthesis of artemisinin and its regulation,which will contribute to conquering malaria worldwide.

关键词： Artemisia annua artemisinin haplotype chromosome amorpha-4 11-diene synthase copy number variation

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西太平洋卡罗琳M4海山区悬浮体分布及其影响因素

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海洋与湖沼 2023年第3期54卷 703-717页

作者：史兴宇王珍岩高微黄海军中国科学院海洋研究所海洋地质与环境重点实验室山东青岛266071 崂山实验室海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室山东青岛266237 中国科学院大学北京100049 中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心山东青岛266071

海山可以通过与洋流的相互作用改变水体结构,促进悬浮体以及海洋生物的再分配,进而影响海洋生物地球化学过程,促进大洋物质和能量交换。西太平洋有着复杂的环流结构,也是海山分布最多的海区之一。为研究西太平洋海山区的悬浮体分布及其... 详细信息

海山可以通过与洋流的相互作用改变水体结构,促进悬浮体以及海洋生物的再分配,进而影响海洋生物地球化学过程,促进大洋物质和能量交换。西太平洋有着复杂的环流结构,也是海山分布最多的海区之一。为研究西太平洋海山区的悬浮体分布及其控制机制,2017年夏季在西太平洋卡罗琳M4海山区进行现场调查,利用扫描电镜分析了该海山区悬浮体样品的物质组成及分布,并结合温度、盐度和荧光叶绿素a浓度数据,讨论了海山对悬浮体分布的影响。结果表明,M4海山区的悬浮体由生物碎屑、矿物颗粒和絮凝体等组成。海水的强烈层化阻碍了该海山区下层营养物质的上涌,使上层水体呈现出寡营养的特征,导致大部分站位悬浮体丰度较低;但在海山顶部,潮流和海山地形相互作用在山顶上方形成反气旋环流,不仅促进了深水的营养物质向上扩散,使得荧光叶绿素a浓度升高,同时对平流输送来的以及从深水中上涌的悬浮体起到了滞留作用,使山顶上方的悬浮体丰度远高于离山顶较远的位置。随着水深的增大,温、盐跃层的强度减弱,水体中的营养盐浓度升高,为浮游生物的生长提供了适宜的环境,进而使生物碎屑及絮凝体的丰度升高。北赤道潜流挟带来自西太平洋近岸海区的陆源矿物颗粒到达M4海山区,使该海山区300~500m水层中的矿物颗粒丰度显著增加。

关键词：悬浮体卡罗琳M4海山海水层化洋流西太平洋

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西太平洋雅浦海沟玄武岩成因及其地质意义:来自地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素的制约

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地质科学 2022年第3期57卷 748-765页

作者：田原陈灵唐立梅杨文光高鹏刘倩成都理工大学沉积地质研究院成都610059 自然资源部海底科学重点实验室自然资源部第二海洋研究所杭州310012

初始岛弧岩浆作用对探明俯冲起始机制及俯冲带早期演化具有重要指示意义。为了更加深入的理解岛弧演化过程,本文对采集于雅浦海沟南北两个区域的玄武岩样品进行了详细的主、微量元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素分析。结果表明:雅浦海沟南北两部样... 详细信息

初始岛弧岩浆作用对探明俯冲起始机制及俯冲带早期演化具有重要指示意义。为了更加深入的理解岛弧演化过程,本文对采集于雅浦海沟南北两个区域的玄武岩样品进行了详细的主、微量元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素分析。结果表明:雅浦海沟南北两部样品具有不同的岩石成因与构造意义。海沟北部样品地球化学特征与弧后盆地玄武岩类似,轻、重稀土元素无明显分馏,大离子亲石元素富集程度较低,Nb、Ta含量指示其地幔源区与马里亚纳海槽较为亏损的地幔源区相似,放射性Sr同位素偏高(0.704646~0.704794),暗示其受后期海水蚀变影响强烈。综合其地球化学特征,认为雅浦海沟北部样品代表帕里西维拉海盆地壳,在卡罗琳洋脊与海沟碰撞这一地质过程中逆冲推覆至原雅浦岛弧之上。雅浦海沟南部样品与北部样品相比具有更低的MgO(4.18%~5.14%)、TiO_(2)(0.69%~0.80%)和CaO(8.64%~10.25%)含量,Ti/V=11.56~14.07。稀土元素配分模式较为平坦,具有俯冲相关火成岩的典型微量元素特征。Ba/Yb值偏低,表明样品并未受到明显的板块流体影响;Th/Yb偏高,暗示样品可能受到沉积物熔体的改造。放射性Sr同位素很高,暗示后期海水蚀变影响强烈;放射性Pb同位素与马里亚纳岛弧岩浆表现出较强的亲和性。雅浦海沟南部样品地球化学特征指示其为卡罗琳洋脊与雅浦海沟碰撞后新生岛弧岩浆作用的产物,碰撞导致雅浦弧前温度升高,俯冲板片在弧前浅部脱水,诱发了新一期次的岛弧岩浆作用。上述岩石因俯冲侵蚀作用剥蚀脱落而暴露在海沟底部。

关键词：雅浦海沟玄武岩初始岛弧岛弧演化

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赖脯胰岛素75/25与人胰岛素70/30对糖尿病患者餐后血糖波动的影响

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中华内分泌代谢杂志 2007年第2期23卷 143-144页

作者：毕宇芳吴松华郭晓蕙宁光项坤三高妍张翼飞李鸣张俊清孙忻艺周小京 Phillipa Clarke caroline Markey 郑以漫陈家伦上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院内分泌代谢科上海市内分泌代谢病临床医学中心上海市内分泌代谢病研究所200025 上海交通大学附属第六人民医院内分泌科北京大学第一医院内分泌科美国礼来公司

报道一项有106例1型或2型糖尿病患者参加的为期1个月的多中心、开放自身对照研究,比较赖脯胰岛素75/25与人胰岛素70/30改善餐后2h血糖波动的疗效。由人胰岛素70/30转为赖脯胰岛素75/25治疗,餐后2h血糖水平及血糖波动均显著降低,且无任... 详细信息

报道一项有106例1型或2型糖尿病患者参加的为期1个月的多中心、开放自身对照研究,比较赖脯胰岛素75/25与人胰岛素70/30改善餐后2h血糖波动的疗效。由人胰岛素70/30转为赖脯胰岛素75/25治疗,餐后2h血糖水平及血糖波动均显著降低,且无任何显著性不良事件或持久性低血糖的发生。问卷显示更多患者倾向于应用赖脯胰岛素75/25。

关键词：赖脯胰岛素糖尿病血糖波动患者倾向性

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西太平洋雅浦海沟地幔演化与岩浆作用研究进展

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地球科学 2021年第3期46卷 840-852页

作者：田原陈灵唐立梅高鹏方银霞自然资源部海底科学重点实验室自然资源部第二海洋研究所浙江杭州310012 成都理工大学沉积地质研究院四川成都610059

俯冲带地幔演化与岩浆作用是地球各固体圈层之间发生物质和能量交换的重要地质过程.西太平洋雅浦海沟因其极短的沟-弧距离和洋脊碰撞等独特的地质构造特征成为研究复杂条件下俯冲带演化的理想场所.为了探究雅浦海沟地幔演化与岩浆作用,... 详细信息

俯冲带地幔演化与岩浆作用是地球各固体圈层之间发生物质和能量交换的重要地质过程.西太平洋雅浦海沟因其极短的沟-弧距离和洋脊碰撞等独特的地质构造特征成为研究复杂条件下俯冲带演化的理想场所.为了探究雅浦海沟地幔演化与岩浆作用,本文将前人对雅浦海沟火成岩的研究数据进行整合,分析了雅浦海沟火成岩的成因,并根据火成岩形成的制约条件,对卡罗琳板块俯冲到菲律宾海板块的地幔演化与岩浆作用过程进行了讨论.结果显示雅浦海沟火成岩均具有与俯冲相关火成岩的典型特征.橄榄岩地球化学特征指示雅浦海沟地幔熔融程度为20%~25%,地幔在部分熔融过程中受到了流体与熔体的双重交代作用.Re-Os同位素特征指示雅浦海沟地幔中存在约1.16 Ga非常古老的残余地幔,表明地幔可能经历过多期熔融事件,从而导致雅浦海沟地幔非常亏损.雅浦岛弧成因至今仍存争议,主要包括:(1)现今雅浦岛弧为帕里希维拉海盆洋壳的一部分,在中新世因卡罗琳洋脊的碰撞导致帕里希维拉海盆洋壳逆冲到原雅浦岛弧之上.(2)雅浦岛弧在不同构造时期经历过多期岛弧岩浆作用,包括俯冲初始阶段(~52 Ma)的弧前玄武岩、俯冲开始后的岛弧玄武岩(~25 Ma)、与卡罗琳洋脊碰撞(21 Ma)后的岛弧拉斑玄武岩(7~11 Ma).其中7~11 Ma的岛弧拉斑玄武岩指示雅浦岛弧岩浆活动并未因卡罗琳洋脊的碰撞完全停止,很有可能在晚中新世短暂恢复活动.

关键词：雅浦海沟俯冲带火成岩地幔演化岩浆作用海洋地质

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