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The role of vascularization in nerve regeneration of nerve graft

Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第9期15卷 1573-1579页

作者： Tiam M.Saffari Meiwand Bedar caroline A.Hundepool Allen T.Bishop Alexander Y.Shin Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Hand SurgeryErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands

Vascularization is an important factor in nerve graft survival and function. The specific molecular regulations and patterns of angiogenesis following peripheral nerve injury are in a broad complex of pathways. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the role of vascularization in nerve regeneration, including the key regulation molecules, and mechanisms and patterns of revascularization after nerve injury. Angiogenesis, the maturation of pre-existing vessels into new areas, is stimulated through angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor and precedes the repair of damaged nerves. Vascular endothelial growth factor administration to nerves has demonstrated to increase revascularization after injury in basic science research. In the clinical setting, vascularized nerve grafts could be used in the reconstruction of large segmental peripheral nerve injuries. Vascularized nerve grafts are postulated to accelerate revascularization and enhance nerve regeneration by providing an optimal nutritional environment, especially in scarred beds, and decrease fibroblast infiltration. This could improve functional recovery after nerve grafting, however, conclusive evidence of the superiority of vascularized nerve grafts is lacking in human studies. A well-designed randomized controlled trial comparing vascularized nerve grafts to non-vascularized nerve grafts involving patients with similar injuries, nerve graft repair and follow-up times is necessary to demonstrate the efficacy of vascularized nerve grafts. Due to technical challenges, composite transfer of a nerve graft along with its adipose tissue has been proposed to provide a healthy tissue bed. Basic science research has shown that a vascularized fascial flap containing adipose tissue and a vascular bundle improves revascularization through excreted angiogenic factors, provided by the stem cells in the adipose tissue as well as by the blood supply and environmental support. While it was previou

关键词： angiogenesis fascial flap nerve graft nerve injury nerve regeneration peripheral nerve vascular endothelial growth factor vascularization vascularized nerve graft

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Prediction of voltage distribution using deep learning and identified key smart meter locations

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Energy and AI 2021年第4期6卷 31-40页

作者： Maizura Mokhtar Valentin Robu David Flynn Ciaran Higgins Jim Whyte caroline Loughran Fiona Fulton Smart System Research Group Heriot-Watt UniversityRiccarton CampusEH144ASEdinburghUK CWI National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science1098XG AmsterdamThe Netherlands Algorithmics Group EEMCSDelft University of Technology2628XE DelftThe Netherlands Derryherk Ltd. Renfrewshire PA113BEUK Smart Meter Systems SP Energy NetworksGlasgow G25ADUK

The energy landscape for the low-Voltage(LV)networks is undergoing rapid *** changes are driven by the increased penetration of distributed low Carbon Technologies,both on the generation side(*** of micro-renewables)and demand side(*** vehicle charging).The previously passive‘fit-and-forget’approach to LV network management is becoming increasing inefficient to ensure its effective operation.A more agile approach to operation and planning is needed,that includes pro-active prediction and mitigation of risks to local sub-networks(such as risk of voltage deviations out of legal limits).The mass rollout of smart meters(SMs)and advances in metering infrastructure holds the promise for smarter network ***,many of the proposed methods require full observability,yet the expectation of being able to collect complete,error free data from every smart meter is unrealistic in operational ***,the smart meter(SM)roll-out has encountered significant issues,with the current voluntary nature of installation in the UK and in many other countries resulting in low-likelihood of full SM coverage for all LV *** with a comprehensive SM roll-out privacy restrictions,constrain data availability from *** address these issues,this paper proposes the use of a Deep Learning Neural Network architecture to predict the voltage distribution with partial SM coverage on actual network operator LV *** results show that SM measurements from key locations are sufficient for effective prediction of the voltage distribution,even without the use of the high granularity personal power demand data from individual customers.

关键词： Voltage prediction Smart meters Deep neural learning Distribution network operation Big Data Analytics Analytic methods in power networks Privacy-preserving data analysis

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SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 laboratory biosafety practices and current molecular diagnostic tools

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2021年第2期3卷 131-140页

作者： Raphael Nyaruaba caroline Mwaliko Wei Hong Patrick Amoth Hongping Wei CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety Centre for Biosafety Mega-ScienceWuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Sino-Africa Joint Research Center NairobiKenya CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology&Immunology Institut Pasteur of ShanghaiChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina Ministry of Health Government of KenyaNairobiKenya

The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)/coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has crippled several countries across the globe posing a serious global public health *** the massive rollout of vaccines,molecular diagnosis remains the most important method for timely isolation,diagnosis,and control of *** molecular diagnostic tools have been developed since the beginning of the pandemic with some even gaining emergency use authorization from the United States(US)Food and Drug Administration for in vitro diagnosis of ***,we discuss the working principles of some commonly used molecular diagnostic tools for SARS-CoV-2 including nucleic acid amplification tests,isothermal amplification tests,and rapid diagnostic *** ensure successful detection while minimizing the risk of cross-infection and misdiagnosis when using these diagnostic tools,laboratories should adhere to proper biosafety ***,we also present the common biosafety practices that may ensure the successful detection of SARS-CoV-2 from specimens while protecting laboratory workers and non-suspecting individuals from being *** this review article,it is clear that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to an increase in molecular diagnostic tools and the formation of new biosafety protocols that may be important for future and ongoing outbreaks.

关键词： Biosafety RDTs NAATs RT-PCR IATs COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis

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Combined ab-interno trabeculectomy and cataract surgery induces comparable intraocular pressure reduction in supine and sitting positions

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第8期14卷 1192-1198页

作者： caroline Gietzelt David Kiessling Randolf AWidder Ludwig MHeindl Claus Cursiefen Thomas SDietlein Philip Enders Department of Ophthalmology University of CologneFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneKerpener Straße 62Cologne 50924Germany Glaucoma Imaging Center University of Cologne(GICC) Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneKerpener Straße 62Cologne 50924Germany Department of Ophthalmology St Martinus-Krankenhaus DuesseldorfGladbacher Straße 26Düsseldorf 40219Germany

AIM:To analyze the therapeutic effect of combined abinterno trabeculectomy and cataract surgery on intraocular pressure(IOP)levels in supine and sitting postures during a 24-hour IOP ***:Twenty-six eyes of twenty-six patients receiving ab-interno trabeculectomy using electroablation of the trabecular meshwork combined with cataract surgery or stand-alone were included in this retrospective *** change during 24-hour IOP profiles within two years postoperatively were analyzed for eyes receiving surgery(“study eyes”)and compared to fellow eyes,which had not received *** data including mean sitting IOP(siIOP),mean supine IOP(su IOP)and the number of topical antiglaucomatous medications(TAM)were extracted from patients’***:Preoperatively,si IOP was 17.6±5.3 mm Hg in study and 17.1±4.7 mm Hg in fellow eyes(P=0.347).Patients were treated with an average of 2.8±1.0 *** corrected visual acuity(BCVA)was significantly worse in study eyes(Plow eyes,mean si IOP was 16.2±3.4 mm Hg and mean su IOP was 20.5±5.1 mm ***,the relative IOP increase between sitting and supine postures was approximately 30%in both study and fellow eyes(P=0.99).CONCLUSION:IOP after ab-interno trabeculectomy shows a comparable relative reduction in both supine and sitting *** trabeculectomy is known to lower su IOP overproportionally.

关键词： glaucoma ab-interno trabeculectomy supine intraocular pressure posture-induced intraocular pressure increase intraocular pressure

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Trends Analysis of Graphene Research and Development

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Journal of Data and Information Science 2018年第1期3卷 82-100页

作者： Lixue Zou Li Wang Yingqi Wu caroline Ma Sunny Yu Xiwen Liu National Science Library Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19(A) Yuquan Road Shijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049 China Chemical Abstracts Service 2540 Olentangy River Road Columbus OH 43202 USA

Purpose： This study aims to reveal the landscape and trends ofgraphene research in the world by using data from Chemical Abstracts Service （CAS）. Design/methodology/approach： Index data from CAS have been retrieved on 78,756 papers and 23,057 patents on graphene from 1985 to March 2016, and scientometric methods were used to analyze the growth and distribution of R＆D output, topic distribution and evolution, and distribution and evolution of substance properties and roles. Findings： In recent years R＆D in graphene keeps in rapid growth, while China, South Korea and United States are the largest producers in research but China is relatively weak in patent applications in other countries. Research topics in graphene are continuously expanding from mechanical, material, and electrical properties to a diverse range of application areas such as batteries, capacitors, semiconductors, and sensors devices. The roles of emerging substances are increasing in Preparation and Biological Study. More techniques have been included to improve the preparation processes and applications of graphene in various fields. Research limitations： Only data from CAS is used and some R＆D activities solely reported through other channels may be missed. Also more detailed analysis need to be done to reveal the impact of research on development or vice verse, development dynamics among the players, and impact of emerging terms or substance roles on research and technology development. Practical implications： This will provide a valuable reference for scientists and developers, R＆D managers, R＆D policy makers, industrial and business investers to understand the landscape and trends ofgraphene research. Its methodologies can be applied to other fields or with data from other similar ***/value： The integrative use of indexing data on papers and patents of CAS and the systematic exploration of the distribution trends in output, topics, substance roles are distinctive and insightful.

关键词： Graphene R&D distribution Topic distribution and evolution Substance rolesdistribution and evolution Text mining

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Removal of Cryptosporidium sized particle under different filtration temperature, flow rate and alum dosing

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2007年第1期14卷 23-25页

作者：许国仁 Fitzpatrick S. B. caroline Gregory John 邓林煜 School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering University College London Gower Street

Recent Cryptosporidium outbreaks have highlighted concerns about filter efficiency and in particular particle breakthrough. It is essential to ascertain the causes of Cryptosporidium sized particle breakthrough for Cryptosporidium cannot be destroyed by conventional chlorine disinfection. This research tried to investigate the influence of temperature, flow rate and chemical dosing on particle breakthrough during filtration. The results showed that higher temperatures and coagulant doses could reduce particle breakthrough. The increase of filtration rate made the residual particle counts become larger. There was an optimal dose in filtration and was well correlated to ζ potential.

关键词： Cryptosporidium humic acid filtration particle temperature

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An Update on Abscisic Acid Signaling in Plants and More

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Molecular Plant 2008年第2期1卷 198-217页

作者： Aleksandra Wasilewsk.a Florina Vlad caroline Sirichandra Yulia Redko Fabien Jammes Christiane Valon Nicolas Frei dit Frey Jeffrey Leung Institut des Sciences du Vegetal Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR 23551 Avenue de la Terrasse Bat. 23 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette France CNRS UPR9073 Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 75005 Paris France Laboratoire Signalisation et Regulation Coordonnee du Metabolisme Carbone et Azote Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes (UMR8618) Universite Paris-Sud F-91405 Orsay Cedex France

The mode of abscisic acid （ABA） action, and its relations to drought adaptive responses in particular, has been a captivating area of plant hormone research for much over a decade. The hormone triggers stomatal closure to limit water loss through transpiration, as well as mobilizes a battery of genes that presumably serve to protect the cells from the ensuing oxidative damage in prolonged stress. The signaling network orchestrating these various responses is, however, highly complex. This review summarizes several significant advances made within the last few years. The biosynthetic pathway of the hormone is now almost completely elucidated, with the latest identification of the ABA4 gene encoding a neoxanthin synthase, which seems essential for de novo ABA biosynthesis during water stress. This leads to the interesting question on how ABA is then delivered to perception sites. In this respect, regulated transport has attracted renewed focus by the unexpected finding of a shoot-to-root translocation of ABA during drought response, and at the cellular level, by the identification of a B-galactosidase that releases biologically active ABA from inactive ABA-glucose ester. Surprising candidate ABA receptors were also identified in the form of the Flowering Time Control Protein A （FCA） and the Chloroplastic Magnesium Protoporphyrin-IX Chelatase H subunit （CHLH） in chloroplast-nucleus communication, both of which have been shown to bind ABA in vitro. On the other hand, the protein（s） corresponding to the physiologically detectable cell-surface ABA receptor（s） is （are） still not known with certainty. Genetic and physiological studies based on the guard cell have reinforced the central importance of reversible phosphorylation in modulating rapid ABA responses. Sucrose Non-Fermenting Related Kinases （SnRK）, Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases （CDPK）, Protein Phosphatases （PP） of the 2C and 2A classes figure as prominent regulators in this single-cell model. Identifying their d

关键词： ABSCISIC acid PLANT hormones ADAPTATION (Biology) TRANSPIRATION of plants BIOSYNTHESIS

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How reproductive allocation and flowering probability of individuals in plant populations are affected by position in stand size hierarchy,plant size and CO_(2) regime

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2008年第4期1卷 207-215页

作者： caroline Brophy David J.Gibson Peter M.Wayne John Connolly School of Mathematical Sciences Environmental and Ecological Modelling GroupUniversity College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland Department of Plant Biology Center for EcologySouthern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleIL 62901-6509USA Harvard Medical School Osher Research Center Landmark Center Suite 22A401 Park DrBostonMA 02215USA

Aims We investigate the effect of position within a size-structured population on the reproductive allocation(RA)and flowering probability of individual plants of Sinapis *** also assess the effects of plant size and changing level of CO_(2) on both *** Sinapis arvensis L.,(field mustard),an annual agricultural weed,was grown in monoculture at six densities under ambient and elevated CO_(2) in a study with 84 *** aboveground biomass and reproductive biomass were *** density produced a wide range of mean plant sizes across stands and size hierarchies within ***(;40%)individuals had zero reproductive *** a novel modelling approach,we analysed the joint effects of position in stand size hierarchy,plant size and CO_(2) on RA and flowering probability of *** Findings We found a strong effect of position within the size hierarchy of individuals in a population:for an individual of a given size,greater size relative to neighbours substantially increased RA and flowering probability at a single harvest *** was no other effect of plant size on *** found a positive effect of elevated CO_(2) on RA regardless of position within the size *** observed patterns could impact doubly on the reproductive biomass(R)of small ***,because RA is not affected by size,smaller plants will have smaller R than larger plants;and second,for smaller plants lower down in a population size hierarchy,their RA and hence R will be further *** results suggest that size relative to neighbours may be independent of and more important than direct abiotic effects in determining *** studies are required to evaluate how these observed patterns generalize to other populations in non-experimental conditions.

关键词： asymmetric competition neighbour effects nonreproducing plants stand effects Sinapis arvensis

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The Accountable Care Organization results:Population health management and quality improvement programs associated with increased quality of care and decreased utilization and cost of care

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2015年第1期3卷 30-38页

作者： Ronald O’Donnell Nishant Shaun Anand caroline Ganser Nancy Wexler Arizona State University College of Health Solutions500 N.3rd St.PhoenixArizona 85004USA Banner Health Network 1441 N.12th St.PhoenixArizona 85006USA Ambulatory Clinical Performance Assessment and Improvement Banner Health1441 N.3rd St.PhoenixArizona 85006USA University of Arizona Health Plans Banner Health Network500 N.3rd St.PhoenixArizona 85004USA

Objective:The Accountable Care Organization(ACO)model of health care delivery is based on new payment models for general practice to reward improved quality and decreased cost of ***:Banner Health Network(BHN)is one of the original CMS Pioneer ACO programs and implemented a comprehensive disease management program based on the collaborative care *** performance indicators for CMS reflected quality and cost of ***:BHN has demonstrated both improved quality and cost savings in the first two years of the pilot *** disease management program based on the collaborative care model appears to have improved patient health outcomes based on quality improvement *** addition the program has reduced emergency department and hospital utilization,resulting in cost ***:The BHN quality improvement program is the platform for analyzing and improving on the BHN ACO *** model appears to have excellent application to the China health care system that is also focused on prevention and improvement of chronic disease and cost-effectiveness.

关键词： Accountable care organization population health management patient centered medical home disease management quality improvement

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A balancing act: Optimizing free chlorine contact time to minimize iodo-DBPs, NDMA, and regulated DBPs in chloraminated drinking water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 315-325页

作者： Matthew A.Bloodgood Sridevi Anduri Chowdary Eric J.Daiber Honglan Shi caroline O.Granger Susan D.Richardson Student Services Authority U.S.Environmental Protection AgencyNational Exposure Research LaboratoryAthensGA 30605USA Department of Chemistry Missouri University of Science and TechnologyRollaMO 65409USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA

Many drinking water treatment plants in the U.S. have switched from chlorination to chloramination to lower levels of regulated trihalomethane(THM) and haloacetic acid(HAA) disinfection byproducts(DBPs) in drinking water and meet the current regulations. However, chloramination can also produce other highly toxic/carcinogenic, unregulated DBPs: iodoacids, iodo-THMs, and N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA). In practice, chloramines are generated by the addition of chlorine with ammonia, and plants use varying amounts of free chlorine contact time prior to ammonia addition to effectively kill pathogens and meet DBP regulations. However, iodo-DBPs and nitrosamines are generally not considered in this balancing of free chlorine contact time. The goal of our work was to determine whether an optimal free chlorine contact time could be established in which iodo-DBPs and NDMA could be minimized, while keeping regulated THMs and HAAs below their regulatory limits. The effect of free chlorine contact time was evaluated for the formation of six iodo-trihalomethanes(iodo-THMs), six iodo-acids, and NDMA during the chloramination of drinking water. Ten different free chlorine contact times were examined for two source waters with different dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and bromide/iodide. For the low DOC water at pH 7 and 8, an optimized free chlorine contact time of up to 1 h could control regulated THMs and HAAs, as well as iodo-DBPs and NDMA. For the high DOC water, a free chlorine contact time of 5 min could control iodo-DBPs and NDMA at both p Hs, but the regulated DBPs could exceed the regulations at pH 7.

关键词： Iodo-DBPs NDMA Disinfection byproducts Chloramine Drinking water Free chlorine contact time

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