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What did we learn from preparing for cross-border transmission of Ebola virus disease into a complex humanitarian setting-The Republic of South Sudan?

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第2期9卷 106-107页

作者： Olushayo Oluseun Olu Richard Lako Joseph Francis Wamala Patrick Otim Ramadan caroline ryan Ifeanyi Udenweze Kibebu Berta Argata Guracha Guyo Alex Sokemawu Michael Tukuru Henry John Gray Alex Chimbaru World Health Organization Ebola Virus Disease preparedness team JubaRepublic of South Sudan 不详

Background:Following the West Africa Ebola virus disease(EVD)outbreak(2013-2016),WHO developed a preparedness checklist for its member *** checklist is currently being applied for the first time on a large and systematic scale to prepare for the cross border importation of the ongoing EVD outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo hence the need to document the lessons learnt from this *** is more pertinent considering the complex humanitarian context and weak health system under which some of the countries such as the Republic of South Sudan are implementing their EVD preparedness *** text:We identified four main lessons from the ongoing EVD preparedness efforts in the Republic South ***,EVD preparedness is possible in complex humanitarian settings such as the Republic of South Sudan by using a longer-term health system strengthening ***,the Republic of South Sudan is at risk of both domestic and cross border transmission of EVD and several other infectious disease outbreaks hence the need for an integrated and sustainable approach to outbreak preparedness in the ***,a phased and well-prioritized approach is required for EVD preparedness in complex humanitarian settings given the costs associated with preparedness and the difficulties in the accurate prediction of outbreaks in such ***,EVD preparedness in complex humanitarian settings is a massive undertaking that requires effective and decentralized ***:Despite a very challenging context,the Republic of South Sudan made significant progress in its EVD preparedness drive demonstrating that it is possible to rapidly scale up preparedness efforts in complex humanitarian contexts if appropriate and context-specific approaches are *** research,systematic reviews and evaluation of the ongoing preparedness efforts are required to ensure comprehensive documentation and application of the lessons learnt for future EV

关键词： Lessons learnt Ebola virus disease Preparedness Complex humanitarian settings The Republic of South Sudan

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Parallel personal measurements of diesel engine exhaust and crystalline silica using dual sampling port

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第3期30卷 313-319页

作者： Alan Fleck caroline Couture Virginie Cabelguen Patrick Eddy ryan Ross Thuot Guillaume Lachapelle Hugo Coulombe Maximilien Debia Department of Environmental and Occupational Health University of MontrealMontreal H3T 1A8Canada Health and Safety Agnico Eagle MinesToronto M5C 2Y7Canada Health and Safety Westwood Mine(IAMGOLD)Preissac J0Y 2E0Canada

Diesel engine exhaust(DEE) and crystalline silica exposures occur simultaneously in the mining industry,and occupational sampling campaigns can be time-and cost-consuming. The authors evaluated a dualport system for simultaneous sampling of DEE and crystalline silica in laboratory and field *** tests evaluated the operation of pumps during 8 h sampling and the intensity of the flow variation for various filter loading conditions and for different modes of operation. Field validation was performed in an underground mine. Pumps operated in constant flow or constant pressure *** in constant flow mode showed that when the flowrate increased on one side of the system, it decreased on the opposite side according to the loading intensity. Tests in constant pressure mode showed that flowrates systematically decreased when using loaded cassettes. However, the higher the backpressure setting, the lower the flow variation was. Flow variations during field tests were generally within the acceptable ±5% range. However, significant flow variations were identified in higher concentrations. A significant negative correlation was found between flowrate variation and total carbon concentration. While the majority of tests support the use of the dual-port for evaluating concomitant exposures, results highlight the possibility of filter overloading as a cause of flowrate changes.

关键词： Crystalline silica Diesel engine exhaust Dual-port Mining Monitoring

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Sustainable strategies for Ebola virus disease outbreak preparedness in Africa:a case study on lessons learnt in countries neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第6期11卷 60-69页

作者： caroline S.ryan Marie‑Roseline D.Belizaire Miriam Nanyunja Olushayo Oluseun Olu Yahaya Ali Ahmed Anderson Latt Matthew Tut Kol Bertrand Bamuleke Jayne Tusiime Nadia Nsabimbona Ishata Conteh Shamiso Nyashanu Patrick Otim Ramadan Solomon Fisseha Woldetsadik Jean‑Pierre Mulunda Nkata Jim T.Ntwari Senya D.Nzeyimana Leopold Ouedraogo Georges Batona Vedaste Ndahindwa Elizabeth A.Mgamb Magdalene Armah Joseph Francis Wamala Argata Guracha Guyo Alex Yao Sokemawu Freeman Alexander Chimbaru Innocent Komakech Muhau Kuku Walter M.Firmino Grace E.Saguti Faraja Msemwa Shikanga O‑Tipo Precious C.Kalubula Ngoy Nsenga Ambrose Otau Talisuna WHO Sub-Regional Ofce for Africa NairobiKenya WHO Country Ofce BanguiCentral African Republic WHO Country Ofce JubaSouth Sudan WHO Regional Ofce for Africa BrazzavilleCongo WHO Sub-Regional Ofce for Africa DakarSenegal Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Addis AbabaEthiopia WHO Country Ofce BrazzavilleCongo WHO Coun‑try Ofce BujumburaBurundi WHO Country Ofce AsmaraEritrea WHO Country Ofce KigaliRwanda WHO Country Ofce KampalaUganda WHO Country Ofce LuandaAngola WHO Country Ofce Dar Es SalaamTanzania WHO Country Ofce LusakaZambia

Background: From May 2018 to September 2022, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) experienced seven Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks within its borders. During the 10th EVD outbreak (2018–2020), the largest experienced in the DRC and the second largest and most prolonged EVD outbreak recorded globally, a WHO risk assessment identified nine countries bordering the DRC as moderate to high risk from cross border importation. These countries implemented varying levels of Ebola virus disease preparedness interventions. This case study highlights the gains and shortfalls with the Ebola virus disease preparedness interventions within the various contexts of these countries against the background of a renewed and growing commitment for global epidemic preparedness highlighted during recent World Health Assembly *** text: Several positive impacts from preparedness support to countries bordering the affected provinces in the DRC were identified, including development of sustained capacities which were leveraged upon to respond to the subsequent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Shortfalls such as lost opportunities for operationalizing cross-border regional preparedness collaboration and better integration of multidisciplinary perspectives, vertical approaches to response pillars such as surveillance, over dependence on external support and duplication of efforts especially in areas of capacity building were also identified. A recurrent theme that emerged from this case study is the propensity towards implementing short-term interventions during active Ebola virus disease outbreaks for preparedness rather than sustainable investment into strengthening systems for improved health security in alignment with IHR obligations, the Sustainable Development Goals and advocating global policy for addressing the larger structural determinants underscoring these ***: Despite several international frameworks established at the global level for e

关键词： Ebola virus disease Emergency preparedness and response Lessons learned Case study International Health Regulations Democratic Republic of the Congo

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脉搏血氧饱和度波形在清醒、自主呼吸、低血容量志愿者中的变化

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麻醉与镇痛 2012年第4期8卷 71-77页

作者： Susan P. McGrath Kathy L. ryan Suzanne M. Wendelken caroline A. Rickards Victor A. Convertino 邱郁薇(译) 徐美英(校) Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College Hanover NewHampshire US Army Institute of Surgical Research San Antonio Texas 不详

背景本研究的主要目的是探讨脉搏血氧饱和度波形的改变能否提示中心血容量的进行性减少，同时评价出血患者脉搏血氧饱和度波形的改变能否较其他标准生命体征更早预测血容量的丢失。方法在18例健康受试者采用下体负压（10werbodynegative... 详细信息

背景本研究的主要目的是探讨脉搏血氧饱和度波形的改变能否提示中心血容量的进行性减少，同时评价出血患者脉搏血氧饱和度波形的改变能否较其他标准生命体征更早预测血容量的丢失。方法在18例健康受试者采用下体负压（10werbodynegativepressure，LBNP）方法逐渐减少中心血容量，收集受试者手指、前额以及耳朵感受器部位的脉搏血氧饱和度资料。同时采用心阻抗血流图记录每搏量的变化。此研究是在一个实验室内进行，未采取任何干预措施。计算每一个脉搏波形的脉冲幅度、宽度以及曲线下面积（areaunderthecurve，AUC）。根据脉搏血氧饱和度波形特征的变化与LBNP期间血容量改变之间的关系计算合并相关系数。结果耳朵和前额部位的脉搏血氧饱和度波形的脉冲幅度、宽度及曲线下面积的下降与LBNP时每搏量的逐渐减少呈明显相关（每一项R。I〉0．59）。而脉搏血氧饱和度波形的改变先于动脉血压的明显下降。前额部位的脉搏血氧饱和度波形特征与每搏量相关性最好（R。：0．97）。中心血容量恢复脉搏血氧饱和度波形也回到基线。结论在自主呼吸患者出现心血管系统失代偿前，分析脉搏血氧饱和度波形可以诊断性发现临床上严重的低血容量。

关键词：脉搏血氧饱和度饱和度波形低血容量自主呼吸志愿者健康受试者曲线下面积清醒

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异乎寻常的新消费观

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商业周刊（中文版） 2010年第9期 54-59页

作者：德温·伦纳德（Devin Leonard）迈克尔·巴松（Michaei Bathon）玛丽·范博塞克姆（Mary Van Beusekom）艾拉·布德威（Ira Boudway）克里斯·伯里特（Chris Burritt）瑞安·弗袜（ryan Flinn）罗切尔·加纳（Rochelle Garner）珍妮弗·约翰逊（Jennifer Johnson）西奥·基思（Theo Keith）瑞安·麦卡菲（ryan McAFee）朱莉娅·莫尔普戈（Julia Morpurgo） Pham-Duy Nguyen 萨默·萨阿迪（Sommer Saadi）罗伯特·施特劳斯（Robert Strauss）迈克尔·怀特（Michael Wuce）卡罗琳·温特（caroline Winter）赵斌（译）

美国人现在一文不名、一蹶不振；与此同时，他们又在痛饮3美元一杯的拿铁咖啡、排长队等待购买新的iPhone。

关键词：消费观美国人经济

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