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Lay Perceptions about Tuberculosis among Non-UK-Born Black Africans in the United Kingdom

Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2015年第4期3卷 161-170页

作者： caroline Asiimwe Ruth Cross Jessica Haberer Leeds Beckett University (Former Leeds Metropolitan University) Leeds UK Department of Medicine and Center of Global Health Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA

Background: Tuberculosis among non-UK-born Black Africans has been gradually recognized as a public health problem in the UK despite the various interventions implemented. Objectives: To explore the perceptions of non-UK-born Black Africans about TB health risk;to explore the health seeking behavior of the non-UK-born Black Africans in relation to TB and to explore lay views on TB health education and screening as opportunities for health promotion. Methodology and Study Design: A qualitative methodology was used on a purposively selected sample of 12 non-UK-born Black Africans living in Leeds. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to explore the lay perceptions about TB. Thematic analysis was used to derive important themes in accordance to the study objectives. Ethical approval was provided by Leeds Metropolitan University. Setting: Community setting of non-UK-born Black Africans in Leeds, UK. Results: This population holds mixed views and perceptions about tuberculosis, few facilitators and many barriers existed to current TB prevention efforts. The barriers included: language barriers, barriers related to services and systems, immigration status and stigma despite the benefits involved. The potential for black African communities to readily increase the likelihood of behavior change was found as an important finding for this study. Conclusions: Tuberculosis is a preventable public health problem. Involvement of the non-UK-born black Africans communities in the TB prevention may be beneficial for reducing and tackling TB rates in this population. Such an approach is potentially inexpensive and more readily implementable than other suggested strategies such as changes to immigration policies.

关键词： Non-UK-Born Black Africans Tuberculosis Risk Help-Seeking Behavior Screening and Health Education

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Increased virulence of the oral microbiome in oral squamous cell carcinoma revealed by metatranscriptome analyses

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International Journal of Oral Science 2018年第4期10卷 263-272页

作者： Susan Yost Philip Stashenko Yoonhee Choi Maria Kukuruzinska caroline A.Genco Andrew Salama Ellen O.Weinberg Carolyn D.Kramer Jorge Frias-Lopez Forsyth Institute 245 First StreetCambridgeMA 02142USA Boston University Henry M.Goldman School of Dental Medicine 100 East Newton StreetBostonMA 02118USA Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology Tufts University School of Medicine136 Harrison AvenueBostonMA 02111USA Department of Oral Biology College of DentistryUniversity of Florida1395 Center DriveGainesvilleFL 32610-0424USA

Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) is the most prevalent and most commonly studied oral cancer. However, there is a void regarding the role that the oral microbiome may play in OSCC. Although the relationship between microbial community composition and OSCC has been thoroughly investigated, microbial profiles of the human microbiome in cancer are understudied. Here we performed a small pilot study of community-wide metatranscriptome analysis to profile mRNA expression in the entire oral microbiome in OSCC to reveal molecular functions associated with this disease. Fusobacteria showed a statistically significantly higher number of transcripts at tumour sites and tumour-adjacent sites of cancer patients compared to the healthy controls analysed. Regardless of the community composition, specific metabolic signatures were consistently found in disease. Activities such as iron ion transport, tryptophanase activity, peptidase activities and superoxide dismutase were over-represented in tumour and tumour-adjacent samples when compared to the healthy controls. The expression of putative virulence factors in the oral communities associated with OSCC showed that activities related to capsule biosynthesis, flagellum synthesis and assembly, chemotaxis, iron transport, haemolysins and adhesins were upregulated at tumour sites. Moreover, activities associated with protection against reactive nitrogen intermediates, chemotaxis, flagellar and capsule biosynthesis were also upregulated in non-tumour sites of cancer patients. Although they are preliminary, our results further suggest that Fusobacteria may be the leading phylogenetic group responsible for the increase in expression of virulence factors in the oral microbiome of OSCC patients.

关键词： profiles analyses

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Haematological and lipid profile assays in Nigerian asthmatics

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海南医学院学报 2009年第4期15卷 314-319,326页

作者： caroline E Omotil Egbagbe Eruke Elizabeth Department of Haematology Department of Medicine University of Benin Teaching Hospital

Objective:To assess the haematological and lipid profile assays in ***: Eighty asthmatic subjects were prospectively studied in a major referral centre serving the Niger Delta region of Nigeria for 12 months(2006-2007).Clinico-haematological and serum lipid total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),and lipoproteins concentration were analyzed after adjusting for age,cigarette smoking,alcohol ingestion,hypertension and diabetes ***: Eighty patients(34 males and 46 females) were seen with female predominating in the various age groups(M∶F ratio,0.7∶1).Total cholesterol and low density lipoproteins-cholesterol for the asthmatics was significantly higher than the controls(P2.3mmol/L) and a significant hypercholesterolemia(HC,>5.2mmol/L) according to the Adult Treatment Panel III definition in asthmatics thereby putting them at increased risk for the development of cardiovascular disease as well as other disorders related to excess *** was a significant thrombocytopenia(Pmay accompany allergen exposure and this persists for 24 h;that asthmatics of African descent showed a significantly increased total leucocyte count(P=0.001) similar to other studies in the Western ***: Hyperlipidaemia is a prevalent medical problem among asthmatics;hence screening for fasting serum lipid levels to identify those who need early intervention is recommended.

关键词：哮喘血液病学血胆甾醇过多高胆甾醇血临床分析

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Association between genome-wide epigenetic and genetic alterations in breast cancer tissue and response to HER2-targeted therapies in HER2- positive breast cancer patients: new findings and a systematic review

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第4期5卷 995-1015页

作者： Daniela Furrer Dzevka Dragic Sue-Ling Chang Frédéric Fournier Arnaud Droit Simon Jacob caroline Diorio Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l’UniversitéLaval 1050 Avenue de la MédecineQuébecQC G1V 0A6Canada Axe Oncologie Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-UniversitéLavalQuébecQC G1S 4L8Canada Département de médecine sociale et préventive Facultéde MédecineUniversitéLavalQuébecQC G1V 0A6Canada UniversitéParis-Saclay UVSQInsermCESP U1018Exposome and Heredity TeamGustave RoussyVillejuif 94807France Département de médecine moléculaire Facultéde MédecineUniversitéLavalQuébecQC G1V 0A6Canada Département de biologie moléculaire de biochimie médicale et de pathologieFacultéde MédecineUniversitéLavalQuébecQC G1V 0A6Canada Centre des Maladies du Sein Hôpital du Saint-SacrementQuébecQC G1S 4L8Canada

Recent evidence suggests that genetic and epigenetic mechanisms might be associated with acquired resistance to cancer *** aim of this study was to assess the association of genome-wide genetic and epigenetic alterations with the response to anti-HER2 agents in HER2-positive breast cancer *** was screened for articles published until March 2021 on observational studies investigating the association of genome-wide genetic and epigenetic alterations,measured in breast cancer tissues or blood,with the response to targeted treatment in HER2-positive breast cancer *** studies were included in the review along with ours,in which we compared the genome-wide DNA methylation pattern in breast tumor tissues of patients who acquired resistance to treatment (case group, n = 6) to that of patients who did not develop resistance (control group, n =6). Among genes identified as differentially methylated between the breast cancer tissue of cases and controls, oneof them, PRKACA, was also reported as differentially expressed in two studies included in the review. Althoughincluded studies were heterogeneous in terms of methodology and study population, our review suggests thatgenes of the PI3K pathway may play an important role in developing resistance to anti-HER2 agents in breastcancer patients. Genome-wide genetic and epigenetic alterations measured in breast cancer tissue or blood mightbe promising markers of resistance to anti-HER2 agents in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Further studiesare needed to confirm these data.

关键词： Breast neoplasms epigenetics genetics HER2 inhibitors treatment response biomarkers

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A phantom gallbladder on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第46期13卷 6274-6276页

作者： Jeremy Rochester caroline K Messer Bruce P Reiter Mark A Korsten Gastroenterology and Radiology Programs James J.Peters VA Medical CenterBronxNY 10468Montefiore Medical CenterBronxNYMount Sinai School of MedicineNew YorkNY and Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew York 10468United States

Various complications have been related to laparoscopic cholecystectomy but most occur shortly after the procedure. In this report, we present a case with very late complications in which an abscess developed within the gallbladder fossa 6 years after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The abscess resolved after treatment with CT-guided extrahepatic aspiration. However, 4 years later, an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP） performed for choledocholithiasis demonstrated a “gallbladder” which communicated with the common bile duct via a patent cystic duct. This unique case indicates that a cystic duct stump may communicate with the gallbladder fossa many years following cholecystectomy.

关键词： Laparoscopic cholecystectomy Complication Abscess Gallbladder Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography

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Childhood Exposure to Air Pollution as a Potential Contributor of Chronic Non-Respiratory Inflammatory Disorders: A Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study in Hamilton, Canada

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第8期4卷 779-788页

作者： caroline Barakat-Haddad Susan Elliott David Pengelly Department of Anthropology University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto Canada Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Canada Faculty of Applied Health Sciences University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada

This study examines the relationship between childhood exposure to air pollution and diagnosis with chronic non-respiratory health outcomes in adulthood. This prospective cohort study uses data collected in the 1970/1980s from 395 children, including exposure to air pollution. Over thirty years later, a survey collected data on various health outcomes, including diagnosis with arthritis, high blood pressure, long-term skin conditions, and hay fever allergies. Logistic regression modeling was performed to examine the relative contribution of childhood exposure to air pollution on chronic non-respiratory health outcomes in adulthood. Childhood exposure to SO2 emerged as a significant predictor of arthritis (OR = 2.73, 95% CI 1.20 - 6.18) and high blood pressure (OR = 2.82, 95% CI 1.23 - 6.47). Other significant predictors include respiratory symptoms during childhood, family income during childhood and adulthood, property tenure, employment status, residential exposures, life events, physical activity, and body mass index. Childhood exposure to air pollution did not emerge as a significant predictor of long-term skin conditions or hay fever allergies. Findings contribute to the debate on the health effects of air pollution, indicating that the health impacts of childhood exposure to air pollution may include chronic inflammatory disorders in adulthood.

关键词： Air Pollution Health Development Hay Fever Arthritis Hypertension Skin Diseases

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Can small-scale altitudinal gradients predict spatial and temporal patterns in tropical forests?

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第5期32卷 1854-1865页

作者： Mariana caroline Moreira Morelli Cléber Rodrigo de Souza Jean Daniel Morel Vinícius Andrade Maia Alisson Borges Miranda Santos Kaline Fernandes Miranda Rubens Manoel dos Santos Forest Sciences Department Federal University of LavrasCampus UniversitárioCx.P.3037LavrasMGCEP 37200-000Brazil Department of Biology Federal University of LavrasCampus UniversitárioLavrasMGCEP 37200-000Brazil

In tropical montane forests,compositional and structural changes are commonly driven by broad-scale altitudinal ***,given the lack of knowledge on small-scale vegetation changes and temporal dynamics,we address the effects of small-scale variations in soil and altitude on tree community structure,temporal dynamics and phylogenetic diversity in a semi-deciduous tropical forest of the Atlantic Forest Domain,southeastern *** 2010 and 2015 we sampled thirty plots of 400 m^(2),set up along an altitudinal gradient between 1000 and 1500 m a.s.I..In each plot,we collected soil samples for chemical and textural *** fitted linear models to test the effects of altitude and soil on community dynamics and phylogenetic *** and soil explained the spatial variation in number of individuals and phylogenetic diversity *** lower to higher altitudes,we found decreasing fertility,increasing tree density and decreasing phylogenetic *** significantly influenced the increases in total biomass(from 240.9 to 255.4 t ha^(-1))and individual biomass(from 0.15 to 0.17 t)recorded in the *** while community temporal dynamics had rates of 1.96%for mortality,1.02%for recruitment,1.61%for biomass loss and 2.81%for biomass gain,none of them were explained by altitude or *** species substitution averaged0.1 in the ***,these results suggest that the small-scale variations in altitude and soil likely determine the conditions and resources that drive community assembly and structure,which are expressed by spatial variations along the altitudinal *** the same time,temporal patterns were not influenced by altitude-related environmental variation,resulting in a similar dynamic behaviour across the gradient,suggesting that broad-scale factors may play a more important role than local ones.

关键词： Fine-scale Semideciduous forests Montane forests Dynamic patterns

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Double vision

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英国医学杂志中文版 2016年第3期19卷 177-178页

作者： Liying Low Waqaar Shah caroline J MacEwen Aeademic Unit of Ophthalmology University of BirminghamBirmingham B18 7QH UK Clinical Innovation and Research Centre Royal College of General Practitioners London UK Ophthalmology Department University of Dundee UK

A 70 year old woman presents with a three day history of painless double *** you should cover Double vision,or diplopia,may be the first sign of life threatening pathology,or it may be completely benign.A rapid and sy... 详细信息

关键词：复视定义发病原因病史

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Assessment of localization to sound in disorder of consciousness:own name versus bell ring

Assessment of localization to sound in disorder of conscious...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Olivia Gosseries caroline Schnakers International vegetative state and consciousness science institution Hangzhou Normal University

＜正＞Objective The assessment of orientation to sound is an item in the behavioral evaluation of consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness（DOC）.For the commonly used Coma Recovery Scale-Revised（CRS-R）, it is not specified what stimulus to use,so this study uses 2 different stimuli（with one auto-referential） to assess their sensitivity for auditory *** CRS-R scale was used for clinical measurement of consciousness in randomly selected 50 DOC patients diagnosed with vegetative state（VS） or minimally conscious state（MCS）. Patients’ location response to bell and own name were recorded and the sensitivity of stimuli localization was *** Difference was found between localization responses to own name and bell in 50 DOC patients. In MCS patients（n=27）,presentation of the subject’s own name elicited more location response than bell ring （P＜0.05）.In VS patients,there was no significant *** In this study,we compared the sensitivity to elicit localization response between subject’s own name and bell ring in DOC *** found that the subject’s own name was more sensitive to elicit location response than bell ring（P＜0.05） in MCS *** VS patients,no difference was *** result indicates that the subject’s own name may be more suitable to elicit a location response than a simple auditory stimulus such as bell ring and should be used as a standard stimulation when assessing auditory functions in DOC.

关键词： auditory localization/location vegetative state minimally conscious state own name bell

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Mechanisms of Programmed Cell Death:from apoptosis to necroptosis

Mechanisms of Programmed Cell Death:from apoptosis to necrop...

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2011医学科学前沿论坛第十二届全国肿瘤药理与化疗学术会议

作者： caroline Yi Junichi Hitomi Department of Cell Biology Harvard Medical School240 Longwood Ave.BostonMA 02115

Regulated cell death has been recognized as a normal physiological phenomenon that functions to sculpt tissues during development and maintain tissue homeostasis by eliminating unnecessary or harmful *** death may occur through apoptosis or non-apoptotic cell death,such as *** is regulated by an evolutionarily conserved genetic program that includes members of Bcl-2 and caspase *** early 1990s,we demonstrated that activation of caspases

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