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Integrative Zoology 2011年第2期6卷 140-149页

作者： caroline ISAKSSON Geoffrey M.WHILE Mats OLSSON Jan KOMDEUR Erik WAPSTRA University of Groningen Animal Ecology GroupHarenThe Netherlands University of Wollongong School of Biological SciencesWollongongNew South Wales University of Tasmania School of ZoologyHobartTasmaniaAustralia

Recent research suggests that oxidative stress,via its links to metabolism and senescence,is a key mechanism linking life history traits such as fecundity and growth with survival;however,this has rarely been put under empirical scrutiny within free-living *** a wild population of live-bearing skinks,we explored how plasma antioxidant activity(OXY),reactive oxidative metabolites(ROM),and the estimated oxidative stress index are associated with female and male life *** found that male skinks have a significantly higher ROM and estimated oxidative stress index than female skinks,but this was not accompanied by a sex difference in *** sexes showed a non-linear association between OXY and age,indicating that the oldest and youngest individuals had the lowest ***,female skinks with high OXY showed a decreased probability of survival to the following ***,we found no significant associations between female reproductive investment(litter size or litter mass)or parturition date(***)and oxidative ***,our results offer mixed support for a role of oxidative stress in mediating life history traits and suggest that future studies need to explore oxidative stress during vitellogenesis in addition to using an intra-individual approach to understand the cost of reproduction and patterns of aging.

关键词： antioxidants life history Niveoscincus ocellatus oxidative stress reptile

Early detection and prevention of pancreatic cancer:Is it really possible today?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第34期20卷 12118-12131页

作者： Marco Del Chiaro Ralf Segersvrd Matthias Lohr caroline Verbeke Division of Surgery Department of Clinical ScienceIntervention and Technology (CLINTEC)Karolinska Institute141 86 StockholmSweden Division of Pathology Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska Institute141 86 StockholmSweden

Pancreatic cancer is the 4th leading cause of cancer-related death in Western countries. Considering the low incidence of pancreatic cancer, population-based screening is not feasible. However, the existence of a group of individuals with an increased risk to develop pancreatic cancer has been well established. In particular, individuals suffering from a somatic or genetic condition associated with an increased relative risk of more than 5- to 10-fold seem to be suitable for enrollment in a surveillance program for prevention or early detection of pancreatic cancer. The aim of such a program is to reduce pancreatic cancer mortality through early or preemptive surgery. Considering the risk associated with pancreatic surgery, the concept of preemptive surgery cannot consist of a prophylactic removal of the pancreas in high-risk healthy individuals, but must instead aim at treating precancerous lesions such as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms or pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms, or early cancer. Currently, results from clinical trials do not convincingly demonstrate the efficacy of this approach in terms of identification of precancerous lesions, nor do they define the outcome of the surgical treatment of these lesions. For this reason, surveillance programs for individuals at risk of pancreatic cancer are thus far generally limited to the setting of a clinical trial. However, the acquisition of a deeper understanding of this complex area, together with the increasing request for screening and treatment by individuals at risk, will usher pancreatologists into a new era of preemptive pancreatic surgery. Along with the growing demand to treat individuals with precancerous lesions, the need for low-risk investigation, low-morbidity operation and a minimally invasive approach becomes increasingly pressing. All of these considerations are reasons for preemptive pancreatic surgery programs to be undertaken in specialized centers only.

关键词： Preemptive pancreatic surgery Cystic tumors of the pancreas Familial pancreatic cancer Early detection Pancreas cancer screening

The Challenging Place of Natural Hazards in Disaster Risk Reduction Conceptual Models:Insights from Central Africa and the European Alps

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第3期11卷 316-332页

作者： caroline Michellier Patrick Pigeon André Paillet Théodore Trefon Olivier Dewitte Francois Kervyn Natural Hazards Service Royal Museum for Central Africa3080 TervurenBelgium EDYTEM Laboratory Universite de Savoie-Mont-Blanc73376 Le Bourget du lacFrance Geodynamics and Mineral Resources Service Royal Museum for Central Africa3080 TervurenBelgium

Based on a literature review and two case studies,this article presents the difficulties inherent in the main disaster risk reduction conceptual *** method used to highlight such evidence is to compare two programs on disaster risk reduction with mainstream conceptual *** authors participated in these programs,which were confronted with the need to integrate contributions and insights from both earth and social *** analysis found that the existing main conceptual models were unable to do justice to disaster risk reduction *** finding encouraged us to critique these *** effort led us to present possible solutions to compensate for the shortcomings of current models while taking into account the contextualization and dynamics of phenomena,as well as grappling with the more explicit integration of hazards and hazard risk into model design.

关键词： Central Africa Conceptual models Disaster risk reduction Natural hazards Northern French Alps

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Human viral pathogens are pervasive in wastewater treatment center aerosols

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第5期30卷 45-53页

作者： Evelyne Brisebois Marc Veillette Vanessa Dion-Dupont Jacques Lavoie Jacques Corbeil AlexANDer Culley caroline Duchaine Universite Laval Pavillon Alexandre Vachon1045ave de la MedecineQuebecQC GIVOA6Canada CRIUCPQ 2725 Chemin Sainte-FoyQuebecQC GIV 4G5Canada IRSST 505 Boulevard de Maisonneuve OMontréalQCH3A 3C2Canada CRCHU 2705 Boulevard LaurierRC-709QuébecQCG1V 4G2Canada

Wastewater treatment center（WTC） workers may be vulnerable to diseases caused by viruses, such as the common cold, influenza and gastro-intestinal infections. Although there is a substantial body of literature characterizing the microbial community found in wastewater, only a few studies have characterized the viral component of WTC aerosols,despite the fact that most diseases affecting WTC workers are of viral origin and that some of these viruses are transmitted through the air. In this study, we evaluated in four WTCs the presence of 11 viral pathogens of particular concern in this milieu and used a metagenomic approach to characterize the total viral community in the air of one of those WTCs. The presence of viruses in aerosols in different locations of individual WTCs was evaluated and the results obtained with four commonly used air samplers were *** detected four of the eleven viruses tested, including human adenovirus（h Ad V）,rotavirus, hepatitis A virus（HAV） and Herpes Simplex virus type 1（HSV1）. The results of the metagenomic assay uncovered very few viral RNA sequences in WTC aerosols, however sequences from human DNA viruses were in much greater relative abundance.

关键词： Airborne viruses Air sampling Wastewater treatment plants Viral metagenomics

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Erlotinib inhibits progression to dysplasia in a colitis-associated colon cancer model

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第44期17卷 4858-4866页

作者： Beatriz Pagán Angel A Isidro Myrella L Cruz Domenico Coppola caroline B Appleyard Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Ponce School of Medicine Department of Anatomic Pathology H.Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute

AIM:To investigate the role of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) in colitis-associated dysplasia using the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor ***:Sprague-Dawley rats received trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS;30 mg in 50% ethanol,ic),followed 6 wk later by reactivation with TNBS(5 mg/kg,iv) for 3 *** induce colitis-associated dysplasia,rats then received TNBS(iv) twice a week for 10 *** group received erlotinib(10 mg/kg,ip) for 1 wk before the start of the reactivation of the colitis and 2 wk after(21 d);the rest received the *** rats were euthanized,the colons were removed and analyzed for damage and expression of the EGFR downstream effectors Erk1/2 and ***:Ninety percent of the vehicle-treated animals had dysplasia in any region of the ***-treated animals had a significant decrease in the incidence of dysplasia compared to vehicle-treated animals in all regions of the colon(50.00% ± 11.47% vs 90.00% ± 10.00% in proximal,P < 0.05;15.00% ± 8.19% vs 50.00% ± 16.67% in mid,P < 0.05;and 20.00% ± 9.17% vs 70.00% ± 15.28% in distal,P < 0.01).Erlotinib-treated animals also had reduced cell proliferation,reduced active Erk1/2,and reduced c-Myc in colon epithelium compared with the vehicle-treated *** vitro,erlotinib treatment was shown to markedly decrease c-Myc and pErk1/2 levels in rat epithelial *** of rat epithelial cells was stimulated by epidermal growth factor and inhibited by erlotinib(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:Erlotinib can decrease the development of colitis-associated dysplasia,suggesting a potential therapeutic use for erlotinib in patients with long-standing colitis.

关键词： Animal model Epidermal growth factor receptor Colitis Dysplasia Erlotinib

Vitellogenin expression in the oilseed rape pest Meligethes aeneus

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Insect Science 2019年第2期26卷 274-282页

作者： caroline Kaiser Christina Lazaridou Karl-Martin Vagn Jen sen Rodrigo Labouriau Michael Kristenseni Department of Agroecology Aarhus University Slagelse Denmark Department of Agricultural Technology Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Department of Mathematics Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark

When investigating insecticide resistance of pest insects, for example, the pollen beetle Meligethes aeneus, it is relevant to differentiate toxicological and molecular genetic data between male and female specimens. A molecular sex determination method would allow resistance testing to be run without prior sorting of the samples. A one-step quantitative RT-PCR method for quantification of the yolk protein vitellogenin expression in the pollen beetle was established. The expression level of vitellogenin relative to tubulin was determined. Pollen beetles were tested at different time points during their development to determine if vitellogenin is a reliable molecular marker for detection of sexually mature females. The differentiation between females and males by relative expression of vitellogenin to tubulin is conditional regarding the life cycle. Sexually mature females and males could easily be distinguished, whereas immature specimens could not be seperated. Vitellogenin expression is a successful marker for identification of sexually mature pollen beetles. Females from the spring populations showed vitellogenin expression when the temperature was above 10.2°C. Further, detailed observations of vitellogenin throughout the spring indicated a strong relationship between daily temperatures and vitellogenin expression, which is an indicator of oviposition ability.

关键词： Brassicogethes aeneus egg yolk protein gene expression oilseed rape oviposition pollen beetle qRT-PCR

Overview of screening methods for fatty liver disease in children

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World Journal of Hepatology 2012年第1期4卷 1-4页

作者： caroline Anitha Devadason Ann O Scheimann Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Johns Hopkins University

The prevalence of obesity and obesity related comorbidities including diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been rising globally. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is emerging as a common liver disease among adults which can lead to the eventua development of complications including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. With the rise of obesity in children, the development of detection methods for the presence of NAFLD is becoming imperative. Although the gold standard for diagnosis is liver biopsy, practica issues limit pediatric use and warrant development of noninvasive or minimally invasive screening tools for the detection and staging of NAFLD. A variety of diagnostic methods have been studied including use aminotransferases, imaging studies and serologic markers which have some population-based limitations. Additional factors such as gender and ethnicity may also play a role in the screening of NAFLD in pediatric population studies.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Children Alanine aminotransferase Ethnicity Gender Detection methods

Characteristics of convicted male-on-female rapists in the South of Sweden between 2013 and 2018:a pilot study

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Forensic Sciences Research 2020年第2期5卷 126-133页

作者： Emelie Stiernstromer Marie Vafors Fritz caroline Mellgren Ardavan Khoshnood Department of Criminology Malmo UniversityMalmoSweden Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine Skåne University Hospital LundLundSweden

The objective of this study was to evaluate the main characteristics of adult male offenders convicted of rape or aggravated rape against adult *** reviewed all convictions(n=21)based on court documents from the District Court,the Court of Appeal and information from the Swedish Tax Agency in Malmo,Sweden,between 2013 and *** findings indicated that the most common offender characteristics were a single status,mean age of 33 years and foreign *** rapes primarily occurred within a private setting while the victims(who were often younger and knew the offender)were *** assumptions based on these results should be made with caution,our findings provide a clear image of the typical circumstances under which these rapes *** study should be viewed as a first attempt to create a database of characteristics of convicted *** more data are added,more sophisticated analyses can be performed and stronger generalizations may be *** of this kind may also be important for further research,classification of rapists in offender profiling,and case linking.

关键词： Forensic sciences crime characteristics frequency analysis offender characteristics rape victim characteristics

Modelling of resuspension due to fish activity:Mathematical modeling and annular flume experiments

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2017年第3期32卷 421-431页

作者： Olya Skulovich Catrina Cofalla caroline Ganal Holger Schttrumpf Avi Ostfeld Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Technion-IIT Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management RWTH Aachen University Institute for Environmental Research RWTH Aachen University

A spatially averaged numerical model was developed to describe the erosion of cohesive *** with known empirical relations, the model comprises a new formulation for resuspension due to fish activity. Experiments on erosion of natural sediments in the annular flume at Aachen University are used for model calibration. Empirical coefficients were evaluated with genetic algorithms to achieve the best agreement between the model results and the experimental data. The presented model shows sufficient flexibility to account for various sediment properties, including different sediment sources,natural and artificial contaminants, presence or absence of aquatic organisms, and results in an average coefficient of determination, R2=90.5% between the model results and the experimental data. Model validation allows it to be assumed that different contaminants affect bed properties differently. Fish activity plays an essential role in correct resuspension prediction. Further sediment erosion experiments with carefully chosen conditions will allow a more comprehensive model evaluation. The presented model is intended to serve as a building block in the development of a hydraulic-sediment-biota model within the W3-Hydro: Water Quality Event Detection for Urban Water Security and Urban Water Management Based on Hydrotoxicological Investigations project that aims to improve the knowledge concerning bioavailability, transport, fate, and effects of contaminants on the aquatic environment.

关键词： Cohesive sediment Erosion Annular flume Numerical simulation Fish-induced resuspension

Establishing the need to model the actual state of stress along rock bolts

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第3期30卷 279-286页

作者： Prasoon Singh AJS(Sam)Spearing K.V.Jessu Pâmmela caroline Pinazzi da Silva Ribeiro Curtin University KalgoorlieWA 6430Australia

Proper design of rock bolt support in underground mines is critical to avoid incidents, accidents and loss of production. The traditional design approach only considers the axial(tensile) capacity and this is clearly not the situation in situ, where a rock bolt is subjected to both axial and shear/bending loads which determines its overall performance and failure behaviour. To demonstrate and analyse the shear displacement in bedded roof, scaled physical models of underground excavation were created. From the models it was found that the shear displacement between the layers depends on the vertical roof deformation and thickness of beds. To analyse the effect of combined loading on rock bolt design for suspension and beam building models, analytical methods were used to calculate the required spacing of rock bolt for a given safety factor. Numerical models were then created using Rocscience RS2 software to establish the stresses on the rock bolt. The results show a significant reduction in safety factor for suspension as demonstrated in an example(reduced from 3.5 to 2.0) and beam building(2.0 to 1.36) when the rock bolt capacities are calculated considering the effect of combined loading as opposed to just the axial or shear loads.

关键词： Combined loading Rock bolt Suspension model Beam building model Numerical modelling Analytical methods

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