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Long-term changes in the plant ecology of an African savanna landscape and the implications for ecosystem theory and conservation management

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 213-224页

作者： David Western Victor N.Mose David Maitumo caroline Mburu African Conservation Centre P.O.Box 15289-00509NairobiKeny

Background:Studies of the African savannas have used national parks to test ecological theories of natural ecosystems,including equilibrium,non-equilibrium,complex adaptive systems,and the role of top-down and bottom-up physical and biotic *** such studies have excluded the impact of pastoralists in shaping grassland ecosystems and,over the last half century,the growing human impact on the world’s *** mounting human impact calls for selecting indicators and integrated monitoring methods able to track ecosystem changes and the role of natural and human *** study draws on five decades of monitoring the Amboseli landscape in southern Kenya to document the declining role of natural agencies in shaping plant ecology with rising human ***:We show that plant diversity and productivity have declined,biomass turnover has increased in response to a downsizing of mean plant size,and that ecological resilience has declined with the rising probability of extreme shortfalls in pasture *** signature of rainfall and physical agencies in driving ecosystem properties has decreased sharply with growing human *** compare the Amboseli findings to the long-term studies of Kruger and Serengeti national parks to show that the human influence,whether by design or default,is increasingly shaping the ecology of savanna *** look at the findings in the larger perspective of human impact on African grasslands and the world rangelands,in general,and discuss the implications for ecosystem theory and conservation policy and ***:The Amboseli study shows the value of using long-term integrated ecological monitoring to track the spatial and temporal changes in the species composition,structure,and function of rangeland ecosystems and the role of natural and human agencies in the process of *** study echoes the widespread changes underway across African savannas and world’s rangelands,concluding that some level

关键词： Savannas Plants Human dominance Macroecology Conservation

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Effect of Electrolyte Nature on Micellar Soft-Template Electropolymerization in Organic Solvent to Form Nanoporous Polymer Films with a Bioinspired Strategy

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2022年第2期19卷 547-553页

作者： caroline Fradin Francois Orange Sonia Amigoni Frédéric Guittard Thierry Darmanin NICE Lab UniversitéCote d’Azur06100 NiceFrance Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée(CCMA) UniversitéCote d’Azur06100 NiceFrance

Here,using a bioinspired approach,the soft-template electropolymerization of naphtho[2,3-b]thieno[3,4-e][1,4]dioxine(NaphDOT)was conducted in dichloromethane with different water content,and using different supporting *** role of the electrolytes in the formation of reverse micelles that constitutes the soft template is *** reverse micelles stabilized by the electrolyte and the monomer were observed by TEM and related to the various porous nanostructures of the obtained polymer *** show that the nature of the electrolyte is not only fundamental for the formation of reverse micelles and thus porous nanostructures,but also plays a huge role in the good deposition of the oligomers upon the soft *** with nanostructures such as nanotubes,nanorings or nanomembranes were realized.

关键词： Electropolymerization Soft template Reverse micelles Porous nanostructures

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Vision-based fatigue crack detection using global motion compensation and video feature tracking

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2023年第1期22卷 19-39页

作者： Rushil Mojidra Jian Li Ali Mohammadkhorasani Fernando Moreu caroline Bennett William Collins Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural EngineeringThe University of KansasLawrenceKansasUSA Department of Civil Construction and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA

Fatigue cracks that develop in civil infrastructure such as steel bridges due to repetitive loads pose a major threat to structural *** being the most common practice for fatigue crack detection,human visual inspection is known to be labor intensive,time-consuming,and prone to *** this study,a computer vision-based fatigue crack detection approach using a short video recorded under live loads by a moving consumer-grade camera is *** method detects fatigue crack by tracking surface motion and identifies the differential motion pattern caused by opening and closing of the fatigue ***,the global motion introduced by a moving camera in the recorded video is typically far greater than the actual motion associated with fatigue crack opening/closing,leading to false detection *** overcome the challenge,global motion compensation(GMC)techniques are introduced to compensate for camera-induced *** particular,hierarchical model-based motion estimation is adopted for 2D videos with simple geometry and a new method is developed by extending the bundled camera paths approach for 3D videos with complex *** proposed methodology is validated using two laboratory test setups for both in-plane and out-of-plane fatigue *** results confirm the importance of motion compensation for both 2D and 3D videos and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed GMC methods as well as the subsequent crack detection algorithm.

关键词： global motion compensation fatigue crack detection computer vision parallax effect distortion induced fatigue crack video stabilization camera motion in-plane fatigue crack out-of-plane fatigue crackanalysis

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Small bowel capsule endoscopy and treat-to-target in Crohn’s disease: A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第31期25卷 4534-4554页

作者： Catherine Le Berre caroline Trang-Poisson Arnaud Bourreille Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif Nantes University Hospital

BACKGROUND Crohn’s disease(CD)can affect the entire gastrointestinal *** small bowel(SB)lesions are associated with a significant risk of stricturing disease and multiple abdominal *** assessment of SB in patients with CD is therefore necessary because it may have a significant impact on prognosis with potential therapeutic *** of the weak correlation that exists between symptoms and endoscopic disease activity,the“treat-to-target”paradigm has been developed,and the associated treatment goal is to achieve and maintain deep remission,encompassing both clinical and endoscopic *** bowel capsule endoscopy(SBCE)allows to visualize the mucosal surface of the entire *** that time,there is no recommendation regarding the use of SBCE during *** To investigate the impact of SBCE in a treat-to-target strategy in patients with *** An electronic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Cochrane library using the following search terms:“capsule endoscopy”,in combination with“Crohn’s disease”and“treat-to-target”or *** authors independently reviewed titles and abstracts identified by the search strategy after duplicates were *** the initial screening of abstracts,all articles containing information about SBCE in the context of treat-to-target strategy in patients with CD were ***-text articles were retrieved,reference lists were screened manually to identify additional *** Forty-seven articles were included in this *** indexes are currently used to quantify disease activity using SBCE,and there is good correlation between *** was shown to be useful for disease reclassification in patients who are suspected of having or who are diagnosed with CD,with a significant incremental diagnostic yield compared to other diagnostic *** studies also demonstrated that the mucosal healing can be evaluated by SBCE to monitor the effect of medical treatment

关键词： Wireless capsule endoscopy Inflammatory bowel disease Treat-to-target Monitoring Mucosal healing Post-operative recurrence Prognosis

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Impact of multifocal gas-permeable lens designs on short-term choroidal response, axial length, and retinal defocus profile

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第2期17卷 247-256页

作者： Muteb Alanazi Patrick caroline Amane Alshamrani Maria Liu Optometry Department College of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 14813Saudi Arabia College of Optometry Pacific UniversityForest GroveOregon 97116-1756United States Optometry School University of California at BerkeleyCalifornia 94720United States

AIM:To investigate the impact of multifocal gas permeable contact lens(MFGPCL)in various add power and distance/near area allocation on short-term changes of choroidal thickness(ChT),axial length(AL),and retinal defocus profile in young ***:Seventeen young adults(2 males and 15 females;age 23.17±4.48y)were randomly assigned to wear two designs binocularly with a one-week washout period in *** of four MFGPCL designs were *** designs were distance-center that varied in two add power(+1.50 and 3.00 D)and/or two distance zone(DZ)diameters(1.50 and 3.00 mm;design A:DZ 1.5/add 3.0,B:DZ 1.5/add 1.5,C:DZ 3.0/add 3.0,D:DZ 3.0/add 1.5).ChT,AL,and peripheral refraction data were collected on each subject at baseline,on days 1 and 7 of MFGPCL daily *** was assessed in four quadrants using a spectraldomain optical coherence ***:AL was shortened by-26±44μm with lens C,-18±27μm with lens D,-13±29μm with lens A,and-8±30μm with lens B(all P<0.05).A significant overall increase in ChT was observed with all 4 designs(lens A:+6±6μm,B:+3±7μm,C:+8±7μm,and D:+8±7μm).Temporal and superior choroid exhibited more choroidal thickening associated with *** designs induced significant relative peripheral myopia(RPM)beyond the central 20o across the horizontal meridian in both nasal and temporal fields(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:MFGPCLs show a significant influence on ChT and AL,which are associated with significant increase in RPM after short-term *** reliability and feasibility of quantifying short-term changes in ChT support its use as a promising marker for the long-term efficacy of myopia-controlling treatments.

关键词： choroid gas-permeable contact lens retinal defocus axial length myopia

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Model of hybrid interfacial domain wall in ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic bilayers

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第4期24卷 436-440页

作者：章文翟亚鹿牧游彪翟宏如 caroline G Morgan Department of Physics Southeast University National Laboratory of Solid Microstructure Nanjing University Physics Department Wayne State University

A general model of a hybrid inteffacial domain wall （HIDW） in ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic exchange biased bilayers is proposed, where an inteffacial domain wall is allowed to extend into either the ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic layer or across both. The proposition is based on our theoretical investigation on thickness and field dependences of ferromagnetic domain wall （FMDW） and antiferromagnetic domain wall （AFDW）, respectively. Good match of the simulation to the hysteresis loops of a series of NiFe/FeMn exchange-biased bilayers confirms the existence of the HIDW, where the AFDW part is found to preferentially occupy the entire antiferromagnetic layer while the FMDW shrinks with the increased magnetic field as expected. The observed asymmetry between the ascending and descending branches of the hysteresis loop is explained naturally as a consequence of different partition ratios between AFDW and FMDW.

关键词： exchange bias interfacial domain wall ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic bilayer

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ANALYZING TAX CREDITS FOR RESIDENTIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY USING ENERGY MODELING

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Journal of Green Building 2018年第1期13卷 83-94页

作者： caroline M.Clevenger Moatassem Abdallah Jayapradha Madhavan Construction Engineering and Management College of Engineering&Applied ScienceUniversity of Colorado Denver1200 Larimer StreetDenverCO USA

From roughly 2013 to 2016,ten building product categories related to residential energy efficiency were eligible for United States ENERGY STAR Federal Tax *** general,the objective of residential energy-efficiency tax credits is to encourage individuals to increase residential energy-efficiency investments and invest in properties that generate renewable *** research analyses eight of the available tax credit categories for four climatic zones and recommends packages based on low Life Cycle Cost and low First Cost for the eligible ENERGY STAR *** experiment was conducted using energy modeling software for different tax credits and costs combinations,to explore potential variability in economic impact of the federal *** used Building America B10 Benchmark as a reference,and the energy computations were completed using Building Energy Optimization(BEopt)*** suggest that ENERGY STAR product packages that include PV systems generally have the lowest(best)Life Cycle Costs and packages that include Geothermal Heat Pumps generally have the highest(worst)Life Cycle ***,there are tradeoffs between cost savings and energy source savings,and the particular economics of tax incentives for ENERGY STAR products depend on project specifics as well as owner priorities.

关键词： ENERGY STAR products energy performance lifecycle costs

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Nuisance species:beyond the ecological perspective

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Ecological Processes 2014年第1期3卷 236-247页

作者： Zina Skandrani Sebastien Lepetz Anne-caroline Prevot-Julliard Centre d’Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation CESCO UMR 7204 CNRS-MNHN-UPMCMuseum National d’Histoire NaturelleCP 5155 rue BuffonF-75005 ParisFrance Laboratoire d’Archéozoologie et Archéobotanique UMR 7209 CNRS-MNHNMuseum National d’Histoire NaturelleCP 5155 rue BuffonF-75005 ParisFrance

Introduction:‘Nuisance species’(or‘invasive’species)are often proposed to be the second most important concern in the context of the current biodiversity *** increasing evidence that exotic species do not always become invasive,this perception is still common in the scientific *** suggests that other issues are at stake in the concept of nuisance species rather than just the problems they raise,grounded mostly in ecological or economic ***:We retraced the evolution of pigeon representation in France through an extensive review of ancient texts related to pigeons and reviewed more than 240 source texts,dating from the seventh century to the *** completed these data with literature on human-animal relationships and animal conceptions in religious,philosophical,scientific,and political currents of thought that were representative of Western and,specifically,French ***:We used the heated debate over pigeons(Columba livia)as pests as a case study by analyzing the ecological,social,economic,and political relations regarding *** a historical perspective of the debate about and understanding of pigeons,we propose a new and complementary explanation for the modern thinking of pigeons as a nuisance species,based on what we termed their socio-nature *** particular,we used social representations theory to highlight the issues of human identity construction at stake in the construction of pigeons as a nuisance ***:We invite the reader to consider the impact of such human self-definition on environmental stances,as it could constrain further developments or improvements of conservation perspectives.

关键词： Conservation Human-animal relations Identity construction ‘Nuisance species’ Social representations Socio-natures

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Modelling the impacts of structural conservation measures on sediment and water yield in Thika-Chania catchment, Kenya

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第2期6卷 165-174页

作者： John Ng'ang'a Gathagu Joseph KSang caroline WMaina Water Engineering Pan African University Institute of Water and Energy SciencesTlemcenAlgeria Department of Soil Water and Environmental EngineeringJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya Department of Agricultural Engineering Egerton UniversityKenya

Recently, there has been a growing need to implement soil and water conservation measures in order to control sediment and water yield from agricultural areas. The objective of this study was to use a modeling approach to evaluate the impacts of structural conservation measures on water and sediment yield from Thika Chania catchment in Central Kenya. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated for stream flow and sediment yield at a gauging station in the catchment. The calibrated model was run to create a base scenario for the simulation of structural conservation methods, i.e. terraces and grassed waterways. Model simulation results indicated that terraces and grassed waterways would significantly impact water and sediment yield at the catchment outlet. Terraces were found to provide the greatest reduction in sediment yield, by 81% from the baseline scenario, while grassed waterways reduced se-diment yield by 54%. Terraces indicated a reduction in surface runoff by 30% from the base annual average value of 202 mm. This was attributed to the increased infiltration that was indicated by increase in base flow by 8%. However, grassed waterways did not indicate any significant reduction in water yield. The results of this study show that structural conservation measures could reduce sediment yield from cultivated areas by more than 50% at the sub catchment level. Results also indicated that the effective-ness of structural conservation measures can be increased by implementing more than one method. Structural conservation measures studied in the current study were found to have a positive impact in controlling water and sediment yield in the catchment. However, further studies need to be conducted to evaluate the costs and benefits of implementing them at a small scale.

关键词： Terraces Grassed waterways SWAT Conservation measures Sediment yield

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Microbiome changes:an indicator of Parkinson’s disease?

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2019年第1期8卷 483-491页

作者： caroline Haikal Qian-Qian Chen Jia-Yi Li Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit Wallenberg Neuroscience CenterDepartment of Experimental Medical ScienceBMC A1022184 LundSweden Institute of Neuroscience College of Life and Health SciencesNortheastern UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina Institute of Health Sciences China Medical UniversityShenyang 110112China

Parkinson’s disease is characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss and intracellular inclusions composed mainly of alpha synuclein(α-syn),but the mechanism of pathogenesis is still *** recent years,more attention has been given to the gut as a key player in the initiation and progression of PD *** studies characterizing changes in the microbiome,particularly the gut microbiome,have been *** many studies found a decrease in the bacterial family Prevotellaceae and in butyrate-producing bacterial genera such as Roseburia and Faecalibacteria,and an increase in the genera Akkermansia many of the studies reported contradictory *** this review,we highlight the findings from the different studies and reflect on the future of microbiome studies in PD research.

关键词： Parkinson’s disease Intestinal microbiota Inflammation Gut Protein aggregation

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