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声学学报 2010年第6期35卷 694-700页

作者：王蓓 caroline Fery 中央民族大学少数民族语言研究所北京100081 Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany

前置是突显信息一种语法方式,如:"书,我买了三本。"这种分裂句对应两种语用功能:前置名词是话题或是焦点。对7个人在这两种语境下朗读的280个分裂句进行声学分析,结果表明:(1)两种条件下,前置名词后都有明显停顿。前置名词本身的音高和... 详细信息

前置是突显信息一种语法方式,如:"书,我买了三本。"这种分裂句对应两种语用功能:前置名词是话题或是焦点。对7个人在这两种语境下朗读的280个分裂句进行声学分析,结果表明:(1)两种条件下,前置名词后都有明显停顿。前置名词本身的音高和时长没有差别;(2)两种信息结构对基干部分有不同的韵律调节作用。前置名词为焦点时压低了基干部分的音高,而前置名词为话题时基干部分的音高为渐降。由此可见,话题的语调调节范围是自身,而焦点是全句;(3)前置名词和基干部分间的停顿在焦点条件下长于话题条件。22人对分裂句问答匹配度的判断结果表明,两种信息结构的不同韵律编码方式是有感知意义的。

关键词：编码方式焦点分裂韵律感知信息结构声学分析调节作用

Individual and local scale interactions and adaptations to wind energy development:A case study of Oklahoma,USA

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Geography and Sustainability 2021年第3期2卷 175-181页

作者： caroline E.Pavlowsky travis Gliedt University of Oklahoma Department of Geography and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of Oklahoma100 E.Boyd Street#510DNormanOK73019

Wind energy development receives broad support but is often opposed at the local level due to nuisance concerns and uncertainties about how it affects the landowners living due to the turbines and the broader ***-cal opposition to wind energy development can be a powerful force slowing or even ending its implementation in a given ***,USA is currently ranked as 4^(th)in the United States in current wind energy production and has seen significant pushback from some local communities as a renewable energy *** studies have examined wind energy development’s impact on rural education income,and property values of different communities in ***,funding information on how wind energy development affects the individu-als living alongside the turbines are *** fifteen interviews with landowners,site-managers,community representatives,and pro-wind non-profit organization representatives,this study finds that individuals who live in proximity to wind energy development,particularly those involved in the agricultural industry,have created novel and unique uses for wind farm *** also finds that local perceptions of wind energy production are mostly positive and provides increased knowledge of how wind energy development affects the individuals and communities that are hosting the turbines and related infrastructure.

关键词： Wind energy Social acceptance Local impacts of wind energy development Renewable energy impacts

cancer chemoprevention 2005

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Diagnosis and management of intraocular lymphoma:a narrative review

丛书名： cancer Drug Discovery and Development

2005年

作者： Gary J. Kelloff Ernest t. Hawk caroline c. Sigman

ISBN: (数字)9781592597680

ISBN: (纸本)9781588290779

Leading researchers comprehensively describe the exciting methodologies that are accelerating progress in chemoprevention and review the state of clinical development of preventive agents in the major human cancer target organs. the authors provide sound guidelines for cancer chemopreventive drug development, detailing general strategies and methods for drug discovery, preclinical efficacy, characterization of precancers, safety evaluation of clinical cohorts, and clinical trial design. the emphasis is on documenting the characterization and application of reliable biomarkers during chemopreventive drug development. Highlights include an elegant approach to identifying chemopreventive agents in natural products, the development of preclinical models for evaluating potential chemopreventive agents, the genomics and proteomics of potential applications, and approaches for determining which populations will likely benefit from chemopreventive intervention. A companion volume, Promising cancer chemopreventive Agents, comprehensively surveys those agents that have promise, or have already been successfully used, to treat precancerous conditions or inhibit carcinogenesis

关键词： cancerchemoprevention.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Annals of Eye Science 2022年第3期7卷 55-66页

作者： caroline c.Mussatto Akbar Shakoor University of Kansas School of Medicine Kansas CityKSUSA Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences John A.Moran Eye CenterUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUTUSA

Background and Objective:Intraocular lymphoma(IOL)is a heterogenous category of rare malignancies that are often misdiagnosed and *** rarity of IOL impedes clinical research and contributes to difficulty in standardizing its *** this article we review the existing scientific literature to identify the current diagnostic tools and discuss comprehensive management of various categories of *** objective is to increase disease recognition of IOL as a whole and explore updated management options for each ***:PubMed and Embase were searched for publications using the terms‘intraocular lymphoma’,‘vitreoretinal lymphoma’,‘uveal lymphoma’,‘iris lymphoma’,‘choroidal lymphoma’and‘ciliary body lymphoma’published from 1990 to June *** criteria were English language *** criteria were non-English language articles,case reports and animal *** content and Findings:IOL often presents in middle-aged and older patients with symptoms of floaters and vision changes,but a broad array of clinical signs and symptoms are possible depending upon *** can be subdivided by location of involvement into vitreoretinal and uveal *** subtypes express key differences in their pathophysiology,clinical presentation,histology,prognosis,and *** vitreoretinal lymphomas(PVRL)generally originate from B-lymphocytes and are associated with central nervous system(cNS)*** findings include retinal pigment epithelium changes with yellow subretinal deposits known as“leopard spotting.”Primary uveal lymphomas generally originate from low-grade B-lymphocytes invading the choroid and carry an improved prognosis compared to vitreoretinal *** findings of primary uveal lymphoma include yellow to pink-yellow choroidal swelling with infiltrative subconjunctival“salmon-patch”*** for IOL is often delayed due to insidious onset,low prevalence,and tendency to mimic diseases

关键词： Intraocular lymphoma(IOL) vitreoretinal lymphoma uveal lymphoma masquerade syndromes uveitis

Not just fuel: energy stores are correlated with immune function and oxidative damage in a long-distance migrant

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current Zoology 2020年第1期66卷 21-28页

作者： cas EIKENAAR Arne HEGEMANN Florian PAcKMOR Iris KLEUDGEN caroline ISAKSSON Institute of Avian Research 26386 WilhelmshavenGermany Department of Biology Lund UniversityLundSE-22362Sweden School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityDeiniol RoadBangorLL572DGUK

In many animals,catabolic and anabolic periods are temporally *** birds alternate energy expenditure during flight with energy accumulation during *** size of the energy stores at stopover affects the decision to resume migration and thus the temporal organization of *** now provide data suggesting that it is not only the size of the energy stores per se that may influence migration scheduling,but also the physiological consequences of *** two subspecies of the northern wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe,a long-distance migrant,estimated energy stores at a stopover during autumn migration were positively related with both constitutive innate and acquired immune function,and negatively related with oxidative damage to *** other words,migrants'physiological condition was associated with their energetic *** time spent at stopover before sampling may have contributed to this relationship,our results suggest that migrants have to trade-off the depletion of energy stores during flight with incurring physiological *** will affect migrants'decisions when to start and when to terminate a migratory *** physiological costs associated with the depletion of energy stores may also help explaining why migrants often arrive at and depart from stopover sites with larger energy stores than *** propose that studies on the role of energy stores as drivers of the temporal organization of(avian)migration need to consider physiological condition,such as immunological and oxidative states.

关键词： migration oxidative stress eco-immunology immunity fat stores physiology

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the art book

A phantom gallbladder on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

作者： Bugler caroline.

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第46期13卷 6274-6276页

作者： Jeremy Rochester caroline K Messer Bruce P Reiter Mark A Korsten Gastroenterology and Radiology Programs James J.Peters VA Medical CenterBronxNY 10468Montefiore Medical CenterBronxNYMount Sinai School of MedicineNew YorkNY and Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew York 10468United States

Various complications have been related to laparoscopic cholecystectomy but most occur shortly after the procedure. In this report, we present a case with very late complications in which an abscess developed within the gallbladder fossa 6 years after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. the abscess resolved after treatment with ct-guided extrahepatic aspiration. However, 4 years later, an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERcP） performed for choledocholithiasis demonstrated a “gallbladder” which communicated with the common bile duct via a patent cystic duct. this unique case indicates that a cystic duct stump may communicate with the gallbladder fossa many years following cholecystectomy.

关键词： Laparoscopic cholecystectomy complication Abscess Gallbladder Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography

How well does XAD resin extraction recover halogenated disinfection byproducts for comprehensive identification and toxicity testing?

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 264-275页

作者： Xiaobin Liao Joshua M.Allen caroline O.Granger Susan D.Richardson Department of chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth Carolina 29208USA Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering College of Civil EngineeringHuaqiao UniversityFujian 361021China currently at Lanzatech 535 Commerce DriveSopertonGeorgia 30457USA

Halogenated disinfection byproducts(DBPs) are an unintended consequence of drinking water disinfection, and can have significant toxicity. XAD resins are commonly used to extract and enrich trace levels of DBPs for comprehensive, nontarget identification of DBPs and also for in vitro toxicity studies. However, XAD resin recoveries for complete classes of halogenated DBPs have not been evaluated, particularly for low, environmentally relevant levels(ng/L to low μg/L). thus, it is not known whether levels of DBPs or the toxicity of drinking water might be underestimated. In this study, DAX-8/XAD-2 layered resins were evaluated, considering both adsorption and elution from the resins, for extracting 66 DBPs from water. Results demonstrate that among the 7 classes of DBPs investigated, trihalomethanes(tHMs), including iodo-tHMs, were the most efficiently adsorbed, with recovery of most tHMs ranging from 50%-96%, followed by halonitromethanes(40%-90%). the adsorption ability of XAD resins for haloacetonitriles, haloacetamides, and haloacetaldehydes was highly dependent on the individual species. the adsorption capacity of XAD resins for haloacetic acids was lower(5%-48%), even after adjusting to p H 1 before extraction. Recovery efficiency for most DBPs was comparable with their adsorption, as most were eluted effectively from XAD resins by ethyl acetate. DBP polarity and molecular weight were the two most important factors that determine their recovery. Recovery of trichloromethane, iodoacetic acid, chloro-and iodo-acetonitrile, and chloroacetamide were among the lowest, which could lead to underestimation of toxicity, particularly for iodoacetic acid and iodo-acetonitrile, which are highly toxic.

关键词： XAD resins Disinfection byproducts DBPs Recovery toxicity

Promoting physical activity in a public health context

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第1期7卷 1-2页

作者： Barbara E.Ainsworth caroline A.Macera School of Nutrition and Health Promotion Arizona State University U.S.Department of Defense HIV/AIDS Prevention Program

In this special issue of the Journal of Sport and Health Science entitled Physical Activity and Public Health,5 papers,1 commentary,and 1 research highlight discuss efforts using public health approaches to increase physical activity(PA)in global *** efforts are warranted based on the prevalence of adults(23%)worldwide who are insufficiently active at levels recommended by the World Health Organization(WHO).

关键词：公共健康物理上下文