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Effect of thermo-mechanical conditions during constrained friction processing on the particle refinement of AM50 Mg-alloy phases

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2298-2311页

作者： Camila caroline de Castro AndréMartins Neves Benjamin Klusemann Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon Institute of Material and Process DesignSolid-State Materials Processing21502 GeesthachtGermany Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon Institute of Hydrogen TechnologySystem Design for Mobility21502 GeesthachtGermany Helmut Schmidt University/University of the German Federal Armed Forces Hamburg Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering22043 HamburgGermany Leuphana University Lüneburg Institute for Production Technology and Systems21335 LüneburgGermany

Constrained Friction Processing(CFP)is a novel solid-state processing technique suitable for lightweight materials,such Mg-and *** technique enables grain size refinement to fine or even ultrafine *** this study,the effect of CFP on the microstructural refinement of AM50 rods is investigated in terms of particle size and morphology of the eutectic and secondary phases originally present in the base material,in particular the eutecticβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)and Al-Mn *** that purpose,as-cast and solution heat-treated base material and processed samples were *** Al_(8)Mn_(5) intermetallic phase was identified as the main secondary phase present in all samples before and after the processing.A notorious refinement of these particles was observed,starting from particles with an average equivalent length of a few micrometers to around 560 nm after the *** refinement of the secondary phase refinement is attributed to a mechanism analogous to the attrition comminution,where the combination of temperature increase and shearing of the material enables the continuous breaking of the brittle intermetallic particles into smaller *** for the eutectic phase,the results indicate the presence of the partially divorcedβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)particles exclusively in the as-cast base material,indicating that no further phase transformations regarding the eutectic phase,such as dynamic precipitation,occurred after the *** the case of the processed as-cast material analyzed after the CFP,the thermal energy generated during the processing led to temperature values above the solvus limit of the eutectic phase,which associated with the mechanical breakage of the particles,enabled the complete dissolution of this ***,CFP was successfully demonstrated to promote an extensive microstructure refinement in multiple aspects,in terms of grain sizes of theα-Mg phase and presence and morphology of the Al-Mn and eutecticβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12).

关键词： Constrained friction processing AM50 Refill friction stir spot welding Extrusion β-Mg_(17)Al_(12) Al-Mn phases

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Chitin-glucan improves important pathophysiological features of irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第16期30卷 2258-2271页

作者： caroline Valibouze caroline Dubuquoy Philippe Chavatte Michaël Genin Veronique Maquet Salvatore Modica Pierre Desreumaux Christel Rousseaux Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation Lille UniversityLille 59037France Intestinal Biotech Development Facultéde MédicineLille 59045France U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Universitéde LilleLille 59000France ULR 2694-METRICS Évaluation des Technologies de santéet des Pratiques MédicalesUniversity of LilleLille 59000France KitoZyme SA Institution SociétéAnonymeZone 2Parc des Hauts SartsRue de MilmortHerstal 4040Belgium Hepato-Gastroenterology Department Lille University HospitalLille 59037France

BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is one of the most frequent and debilitating conditions leading to gastroenterological ***,recommended treatments remain limited,yielding only limited therapeutic ***-glucan(CG)is a novel dietary prebiotic classically used in humans at a dosage of 1.5-3.0 g/d and is considered a safe food ingredient by the European Food Safety *** provide an alternative approach to managing patients with IBS,we performed preclinical molecular,cellular,and animal studies to evaluate the role of chitin-glucan in the main pathophysiological mechanisms involved in *** To evaluate the roles of CG in visceral analgesia,intestinal inflammation,barrier function,and to develop computational molecular *** Visceral pain was recorded through colorectal distension(CRD)in a model of long-lasting colon hypersensitivity induced by an intra-rectal administration of TNBS[15 milligrams(mg)/kilogram(kg)]in 33 Sprague-Dawley *** pressure was regularly assessed during the 9 wk-experiment(weeks 0,3,5,and 7)in animals receiving CG(n=14)at a human equivalent dose(HED)of 1.5 g/d or 3.0 g/d and compared to negative control(tap water,n=11)and positive control(phloroglucinol at 1.5 g/d HED,n=8)*** anti-inflammatory effect of CG was evaluated using clinical and histological scores in 30 C57bl6 male mice with colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)administered in their drinking water during 14 ***-29 cells under basal conditions and after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)were treated with CG to evaluate changes in pathways related to analgesia μ-opioid receptor(MOR),cannabinoid receptor 2(CB2),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha,inflammation[interleukin(IL)-10,IL-1b,and IL-8]and barrier function[mucin 2-5AC,claudin-2,zonula occludens(ZO)-1,ZO-2]using the real-time PCR *** modelling of CG,LPS,lipoteichoic acid(LTA),and phospholipomannan(PLM)was developed,and the abili

关键词： Chitin-glucan Irritable bowel syndrome Abdominal pain Inflammation Intestinal barrier Molecular modelling Microbial cell walls chelation

Impact of multifocal gas-permeable lens designs on short-term choroidal response, axial length, and retinal defocus profile

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第2期17卷 247-256页

作者： Muteb Alanazi Patrick caroline Amane Alshamrani Maria Liu Optometry Department College of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 14813Saudi Arabia College of Optometry Pacific UniversityForest GroveOregon 97116-1756United States Optometry School University of California at BerkeleyCalifornia 94720United States

AIM:To investigate the impact of multifocal gas permeable contact lens(MFGPCL)in various add power and distance/near area allocation on short-term changes of choroidal thickness(ChT),axial length(AL),and retinal defocus profile in young ***:Seventeen young adults(2 males and 15 females;age 23.17±4.48y)were randomly assigned to wear two designs binocularly with a one-week washout period in *** of four MFGPCL designs were *** designs were distance-center that varied in two add power(+1.50 and 3.00 D)and/or two distance zone(DZ)diameters(1.50 and 3.00 mm;design A:DZ 1.5/add 3.0,B:DZ 1.5/add 1.5,C:DZ 3.0/add 3.0,D:DZ 3.0/add 1.5).ChT,AL,and peripheral refraction data were collected on each subject at baseline,on days 1 and 7 of MFGPCL daily *** was assessed in four quadrants using a spectraldomain optical coherence ***:AL was shortened by-26±44μm with lens C,-18±27μm with lens D,-13±29μm with lens A,and-8±30μm with lens B(all P<0.05).A significant overall increase in ChT was observed with all 4 designs(lens A:+6±6μm,B:+3±7μm,C:+8±7μm,and D:+8±7μm).Temporal and superior choroid exhibited more choroidal thickening associated with *** designs induced significant relative peripheral myopia(RPM)beyond the central 20o across the horizontal meridian in both nasal and temporal fields(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:MFGPCLs show a significant influence on ChT and AL,which are associated with significant increase in RPM after short-term *** reliability and feasibility of quantifying short-term changes in ChT support its use as a promising marker for the long-term efficacy of myopia-controlling treatments.

关键词： choroid gas-permeable contact lens retinal defocus axial length myopia

Time-consistent pension policy with minimum guarantee and sustainability constraint

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Probability, Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk 2024年第1期9卷 35-64页

作者： caroline Hillairet Sarah Kaakar Mohamed Mrad CREST UMR CNRS 9194ENSAEInstitut Polytechnique de ParisFrance LMM Institut du Risque et de I'AssuranceLe Mans UniversiteFrance LAGA UMR CNRS 7539Universite Sorbonne Paris NordFrance

This paper proposes and investigates an optimal pair investment/pension policy for a pay-as-you-go(PAYG)pension *** social planner can invest in a buffer fund in order to guarantee a minimal pension *** model aims at taking into account complex dynamic phenomena such as the demographic risk and its evolution over time,the time and age dependence of agents preferences,and financial *** preference criterion of the social planner is modeled by a consistent dynamic utility defined on a stochastic domain,which incorporates the heterogeneity of overlapping generations and its evolution over *** preference criterion and the optimization problem also incorporate sustainability,adequacy and fairness *** paper designs and solves the social planner's dynamic decision criterion,and computes the optimal investment/pension policy in a general framework.A detailed analysis for the case of dynamic power utilities is provided.

关键词： Consistent dynamic utility PAYG pension policy Sustainability and actuarial fairness Demographic and financial risk sharing Stochastic control

Bi-revealed utilities in a defaultable universe: A new point of view on consumption

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Probability, Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk 2024年第1期9卷 13-34页

作者： Nicole El Karoui caroline Hillairet Mohamed Mrad LPSM UMR CNRS 6632Sorbonne Université4 Place Jussieu75005 ParisFrance CREST UMR CNRS 9194Ensae Paris5 Avenue Henry Le Chatelier91120 PalaiseauFrance LAGA UMR CNRS 7539UniversitéSorbonne Paris-Nord99 Avenue Jean Baptiste Clement93430 VilletaneuseFrance

This paper investigates the inverse problem of bi-revealed utilities in a defaultable universe,defined as a standard universe(represented by a filtration F)perturbed by an exogenous defaultable time τ.We assume that the standard universe does not take into account the possibility of the default,thus τ adds an additional source of *** defaultable universe is represented by the filtration G up to time τ(τ included),where G stands for the progressive enlargement of F by *** basic assumption in force is that τ avoids F-stopping *** bi-revealed problem consists in recovering a consistent dynamic utility from the observable characteristic of an *** general results on bi-revealed utilities,first given in a general and abstract framework,are translated in the defaultable G-universe and then are interpreted in the *** decomposition of G-adapted processes X^(G) provides an interpretation of a Gcharacteristic X^(G)_(τ) stopped at τ as a reserve *** to the characterization of G-martingales stopped at τ in terms of F-martingales,we establish a correspondence between G-bi-revealed utilities from characteristic and F-bi-revealed pair of utilities from characteristic and *** a financial framework,characteristic can be interpreted as wealth and reserves as *** result sheds a new light on the consumption in utility criterion:the consumption process can be interpreted as a certain quantity of wealth,or reserves,that are accumulated for the financing of losses at the default time.

关键词： Bi-revealed utilities Defaultable euniverse Enlargement offiltration Preference criteria of wealth and consumption

The influence of resistance exercise training prescription variables on skeletal muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy adults:An umbrella review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 47-60页

作者： Jonathan C.Mcleod Brad S.Currier caroline V.Lowisz Stuart M.Phillips Department of Kinesiology Faculty of ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamilton L8S4L8Canada

Purpose:The aim of this umbrella review was to determine the impact of resistance training(RT)and individual RT prescription variables on muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy ***:Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,we systematically searched and screened eligible systematic reviews reporting the effects of differing RT prescription variables on muscle mass(or its proxies),strength,and/or physical function in healthy adults aged>18 ***:We identified 44 systematic reviews that met our inclusion *** methodological quality of these reviews was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews;standardized effectiveness statements were *** found that RT was consistently a potent stimulus for increasing skeletal muscle mass(4/4 reviews provide some or sufficient evidence),strength(4/6 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and physical function(1/1 review provided some evidence).RT load(6/8 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),weekly frequency(2/4 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),volume(3/7 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and exercise order(1/1 review provided some evidence)impacted RT-induced increases in muscular *** discovered that 2/3 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence that RT volume and contraction velocity influenced skeletal muscle mass,while 4/7 reviews provided insufficient evidence in favor of RT load impacting skeletal muscle *** was insufficient evidence to conclude that time of day,periodization,inter-set rest,set configuration,set end point,contraction velocity/time under tension,or exercise order(only pertaining to hypertrophy)influenced skeletal muscle adaptations.A paucity of data limited insights into the impact of RT prescription variables on physical ***:Overall,RT increased muscle mass,strength,and physical function compared to no ***

关键词： Hypertrophy Resistance training Resistance training prescription variables Strength Umbrella review

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Attitudes,beliefs,behaviours and perspectives on barriers and enablers of Australian general practitioners towards non-drug interventions:a national survey

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第1期12卷 1-8页

作者： Loai Albarqouni Hannah Greenwood caroline Dowsett Tammy Hoffmann Rae Thomas Paul Glasziou Institute for Evidence-based Healthcare Faculty of Health Sciences&MedicineBond UniversityRobinaQueenslandAustralia Tropical Australian Academic Health Centre TownsvilleQueenslandAustralia

Background Many guidelines recommend non-drug interventions(NDIs)for managing common conditions in primary ***,compared with drug interventions,NDIs are less widely known,promoted and *** aim to(1)examine general practitioners’(GPs’)knowledge,attitudes and practices for NDIs,including their use of the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners(RACGP)Handbook of Non-Drug Interventions(HANDI),and(2)identify factors influencing their use of NDIs and *** We conducted a web-based cross-sectional survey of practicing GP members in Australia during October-November *** survey contained five sections:characteristics of GP;knowledge and use of NDIs;attitudes towards NDIs;barriers and enablers to using HANDI;and suggestions of NDIs and ideas to improve the uptake of NDIs in primary *** Of the 366 GPs who completed the survey,242(66%)were female,and 248(74%)were≥45 years *** in three GPs reported that they regularly(‘always’)recommend NDIs to their patients when appropriate(34%),whereas one-third of GPs were unaware of HANDI(39%).GPs identified several factors that improve the uptake of HANDI,including‘access and integration of HANDI in clinical practice’,‘content and support to use in practice’and‘awareness and training’.Conclusions While many GPs are aware of the effectiveness of NDIs and often endorse their use,obstacles still prevent widespread adoption in primary *** results of this survey can serve as a foundation for developing implementation strategies to improve the uptake of effective evidence-based NDIs in primary care.

关键词： enable survey sectional

Clinical gait analysis in older children with autism spectrum disorder

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第2期6卷 154-158页

作者： Xinye Wu D.Clark Dickin Laura Bassette caroline Ashton He Wang School of Kinesiology Ball State UniversityMuncieINUSA Department of Special Education Ball State UniversityMuncieINUSA

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)often exhibit motor deficits that increase their risk of *** is a lack of understanding regarding gait biomechanics demonstrated by older children with *** purpose of the study was to determine differences in gait patterns between older children with ASD and typically developing *** children with ASD and 11 age-and gender-matched typically developing children were recruited for the *** walked on a force-instrumented treadmill at a constant speed(1.1 m/s-1.2 m/s)for five minutes(min).Participants performed maximal voluntary contractions to assess their knee muscular *** between individuals with ASD and matched control participants were examined through paired t-tests with a significance level of p*** with ASD demonstrated a smaller knee extensor torque compared to controls(p=0.002).Participants with ASD exhibited a shorter stride length(p=0.04),a greater cadence(p=0.03),and a higher variation in stride width(p=0.04)compared to control *** individuals with ASD experienced a greater braking ground reaction force(p=0.03)during loading *** results indicate older children with ASD develop a unique gait pattern signified by a reduced stride length,increased cadence,and an increase of variation in stride *** unique gait pattern may represent a movement strategy used by the individuals with ASD to compensate for the weakness associated with their knee extensor *** with ASD who demonstrate these unique gait deviations may face reduced postural stability and an increased risk of fall-related injuries.

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder Gait analysis Knee strength Gait development Older children

Transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast differentiation identifies regulators of osteoclast activity

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 180-198页

作者： Morten S.Hansen Kaja Madsen Maria Price Kent Søe Yasunori Omata Mario M.Zaiss caroline M.Gorvin Morten Frost Alexander Rauch Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory(KMEB) Department of EndocrinologyOdense University HospitalDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Department of Clinical Research Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Clinical Cell Biology Pathology Research UnitDepartment of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research(IMSR)and Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism(CEDAM)University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK Centre for Membrane Proteins and Receptors(COMPARE) Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamBirmingham B152TTUK Department of Molecular Medicine University of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Department of Orthopedic Surgery Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-8655Japan Department of Internal Medicine 3 Rheumatology and ImmunologyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenD-91054 ErlangenGermany Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie(DZI) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenD-91054 ErlangenGermany Steno Diabetes Center Odense Odense University HospitalDK-5000 Odense CDenmark

Enhanced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity contribute to the development of osteoporosis,which is characterized by increased bone resorption and inadequate bone *** novel antiosteoporotic therapeutics are needed,understanding the genetic regulation of human osteoclastogenesis could help identify potential treatment *** study aimed to provide an overview of transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast *** were differentiated from CD14+monocytes from eight female *** sequencing during differentiation revealed 8980 differentially expressed genes grouped into eight temporal patterns conserved across *** patterns revealed distinct molecular functions associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis susceptibility genes based on RNA from iliac crest biopsies and bone mineral density *** analyses revealed mutual dependencies between temporal expression patterns and provided insight into subtype-specific transcriptional *** donor-specific expression patterns revealed genes at the monocyte stage,such as filamin B(FLNB)and oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1(OLR1,encoding LOX-1),that are predictive of the resorptive activity of mature *** expression of differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors was strong during osteoclast differentiation,and these receptors are associated with bone mineral density SNPs,suggesting that they play a pivotal role in osteoclast differentiation and *** regulatory effects of three differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors were exemplified by in vitro pharmacological modulation of complement 5 A receptor 1(C5AR1),somatostatin receptor 2(SSTR2),and free fatty acid receptor 4(FFAR4/GPR120).Activating C5AR1 enhanced osteoclast formation,while activating SSTR2 decreased the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts,and activating FFAR4 decreased both the number and resorptive activity of mature *** conclus

关键词： osteoclast programming identif

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