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The microbiota is dispensable for the early stages of peripheral regulatory T cell induction within mesenteric lymph nodes

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第5期18卷 1211-1221页

作者： carolin.Wiechers Mangge Zou Eric Galvez Michael Beckstette Maria Ebel Till Strowig Jochen Huehn Joern Pezoldt Department Experimental Immunology Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweigGermany Department Microbial Immune Regulation Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweigGermany Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine Centre for Individualised Infection MedicineHelmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany Cluster of Excellence RESIST(EXC 2155) Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland

Intestinal Foxp3+regulatory T cell(Treg)subsets are crucial players in tolerance to microbiota-derived and food-borne antigens,and compelling evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota modulates their generation,functional specialization,and *** bacterial species and microbiota-derived metabolites,such as short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),have been reported to promote Treg homeostasis in the intestinal lamina ***,gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes(mLNs)are particularly efficient sites for the generation of peripherally induced Tregs(pTregs).Despite this knowledge,the direct role of the microbiota and their metabolites in the early stages of pTreg induction within mLNs is not fully ***,using an adoptive transfer-based pTreg induction system,we demonstrate that neither transfer of a dysbiotic microbiota nor dietary SCFA supplementation modulated the pTreg induction capacity of *** mice housed under germ-free(GF)conditions displayed equivalent pTreg induction within *** molecular characterization of these de novo induced pTregs from mLNs by dissection of their transcriptomes and accessible chromatin regions revealed that the microbiota indeed has a limited impact and does not contribute to the initialization of the Treg-specific epigenetic ***,our data suggest that the microbiota is dispensable for the early stages of pTreg induction within mLNs.

关键词： Peripheral regulatory T cells Microbiota Tolerance

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Circularly polarized luminescence of enantiopure carboline-based europium cryptates under visible light excitation

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Journal of Rare Earths 2020年第5期38卷 564-570页

作者： carolin.Dee Francesco Zinna Elisabeth Kreidt Lorenzo Arrico Aurora Rodriguez-Rodriguez Carlos Platas-Iglesias Lorenzo Di Bari Michael Seitz University of Tübingen Institute of Inorganic ChemistryAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TubingenGermany Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Universita di PisaVia Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly Centro de Investigacions Cientificas Avanzadas(CICA)and Departamento de Quimica Universidade da CorunaCampus da Zapateira-Rua da Fraga 1015008A CorunaSpain

The enantiomers of carboline-based cryptates were successfully resolved by chiral *** complexes show high configurational stability under harsh conditions and their absolute configuration was determined by comparing theoretical and expe rimental electronic circular dichroism *** e nantiopure cryptates exhibit strong circularly polarized luminescence with a maximum dissymmetry factor glum=0.25 for the f-f transition 5 D0→7 F1(λ=594 nm)under visible light excitation atλgx=400 nm.

关键词： Molecular lanthanoid complexes Lanthanoid luminescence Chirality Circularly polarized luminescence(CPL) Carboline Cryptates

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Ionic Liquid Engineering in Perovskite Photovoltaics

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第5期6卷 1-21页

作者： Fei Wang Dawei Duan Mriganka Singh carolin.M.Sutter-Fella Haoran Lin Liang Li Panče Naumov Hanlin Hu Hoffman Institute of Advanced Materials Shenzhen PolytechnicShenzhen 518000China Molecular Foundry Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeley California 94720USA Department of Sciences and Engineering Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi38044Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi129188Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Molecular Design Institute Department of ChemistryNew York University100 Washington Square EastNew YorkNY 10003USA

Over the past decade,perovskite photovoltaics have approached other currently available technologies and proven to be the most prospective type of solar *** the many-sided research in this very active field has generated consistent results with regard to their undisputed consistently increasing power conversion efficiency,it also produced several rather contradictory *** other important details,debate surrounding their proneness to surface degradation and poor mechanical robustness,as well as the environmental footprint of this materials class,remains a moot *** application of ionic liquids appears as one of the potential remedies to some of these challenges due to their high conductivity,the opportunities for chemical"tuning"of the structure,and relatively lower environmental *** article provides an overview,classification,and applications of ionic liquids in perovskite solar *** summarize the use and role of ionic liquids as versatile additives,solvents,and modifiers in perovskite precursor solution,in charge transport layer,and in interfacial and stability ***,challenges and the future prospects for the design and/or selection of ionic liquids with a specific profile that meets the requirements for next-generation highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells are proposed.

关键词： devices ionic liquids perovskites photovoltaics

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Classical and non-classical MHC I molecule manipulation by human cytomegalovirus： so many targets--but how many arrows in the quiver？

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2015年第2期12卷 139-153页

作者： Anne Halenius carolin.Gerke Hartmut Hengel Institute of Virology University Medical Center Albert-Ludwig-University Freiburg Freiburg Germany

Major mechanisms for the recognition of pathogens by immune cells have evolved to employ classical and non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I （MHC I） molecules. Classical MHC I molecules present antigenic peptide ligands on infected cells to CD8＋ T cells, whereas a key function for non-classical MHC I molecules is to mediate inhibitory or activating stimuli in natural killer （NK） cells. The structural diversity of MHC I puts immense pressure on persisting viruses, including cytomegaloviruses. The very large coding capacity of the human cytomegalovirus allows it to express a whole arsenal of immunoevasive factors assigned to individual MHC class I targets. This review summarizes achievements from more than two decades of intense research on how human cytomegalovirus manipulates MHC I molecules and escapes elimination by the immune system.

关键词： antigen presentation CD8+ T cells NK cells human cytomegalovirus immune evasion KIR

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Noninvasive diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第32期13卷 4287-4294页

作者： Rudolf E Stauber carolin.Lackner Department of Internal Medicine Medical University of GrazGrazAustria Institute of Pathology Medical University of GrazGrazAustria

Assessment of hepatic fibrosis is important for determining prognosis,guiding management decisions,and monitoring disease. Histological evaluation of liver biopsy specimens is currently considered the reference test for staging hepatic fibrosis. Since liver biopsy carries a small but significant risk,noninvasive tests to assess hepatic fibrosis are desirable. This editorial gives an overview on noninvasive methods currently available to determine hepatic fibrosis and their diagnostic accuracy for predicting significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C. Based on available data,the performance of simple tests derived from routine laboratory parameters appears to be similar to that of more complex and expensive fibrosis panels. Transient elastography seems more accurate than blood tests for diagnosing cirrhosis.

关键词： Noninvasive fibrosis tests Significant fibrosis Cirrhosis Biomarkers Transient elastography

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Autonomous VR Exposure Therapy for Anxiety Disorders Using Conversational AI—Ethical and Technical Implications and Preliminary Results

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第4期12卷 111-138页

作者： David Obremski carolin.Wienrich Psychology of Intelligent Interactive Systems University of W&#252rzburg W&#252rzburg Germany

The need for psychotherapy is very high and the lack of care causes a lot of suffering and high costs. This paper presents an interdisciplinary approach to creating an AI-guided exposure therapy for fear of heights in virtual reality (VR). First, ethical principles for the use of conversational AI in psychotherapy were translated into technical requirements and made measurable. Based on this, an autonomous virtual reality exposure therapy was iteratively developed with a therapist. The feasibility and implementation of the ethical principles were tested with a patient. The patient was very satisfied with the VR setup. The AI therapist was also rated positively, although there is still room for improvement regarding conversational skills. Overall, the paper shows how AI can contribute responsibly to improving the psycho-therapeutic supply. It also provides guidelines that make ethical principles tangible and measurable for developers.

关键词： AI Therapy Psychotherapy Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

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Enzymatic and non-enzymatic isolationsystems for adipose tissue-derived cells:current state of the art

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Cell Regeneration 2015年第1期4卷 61-74页

作者： Eleni Oberbauer carolin.Steffenhagen Christoph Wurzer Christian Gabriel Heinz Redl Susanne Wolbank Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology AUVA Research CenterLinz/ViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service of Upper Austria LinzAustria

In the past decade, adipose tissue became a highly interesting source of adult stem cells for plastic surgery andregenerative medicine. The isolated stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a heterogeneous cell population including theadipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC), which showed regenerative potential in several clinical studies and *** should be provided in a safe and reproducible manner in accordance with current good manufacturing practices(cGMP). To ensure highest possible safety for patients, a precisely defined procedure with a high-quality control isrequired. Hence, an increasing number of adipose tissue-derived cell isolation systems have been *** systems aim for a closed, sterile, and safe isolation process limiting donor variations, risk for contaminations,and unpredictability of the cell material. To isolate SVF from adipose tissue, enzymes such as collagenase are ***, in order to avoid enzymes, isolation systems using physical forces are available. Here, we provide anoverview of known existing enzymatic and non-enzymatic adipose tissue-derived cell isolation systems, which arepatented, published, or already on the market.

关键词： Human adipose tissue Stromal vascular fraction Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells Enzymatic Non-enzymatic Isolation systems

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Colorectal cancer screening by non-invasive metabolic biomarker fecal tumor M2-PK

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第43期12卷 7007-7011页

作者： carolin.Tonus Gero Neupert Markus Sellinger Herz-Jesu-Hospital Surgical Clinic Buttlarstr. 74 Fulda 36039 Germany Offenbach Municipal Hospital Surgical Clinic Starkenburgring 66 Offenbach 63069 Germany Medical Practice for Gastroenterology and Hepatology Rheing?nheimer Str. 121 Ludwigshafen 67065 Germany

AIM: To evaluate the utility of the innovative fecal tumor M2-Pyruvate kinase (M2-PK) test in our daily clinical routine, as a marker for the pre-selection of patients who should subsequently undergo colonoscopy for the diagnosis or exclusion of colorectal cancer. METHODS: Fecal tumor M2-PK was measured in stool samples of 96 study participants (33 patients with colorectal cancer, 21 patients with rectal carcinoma and 42 controls) who all underwent total colonoscopy. RESULTS: In 39 of 42 individuals in the control group, fecal tumor M2-PK was below 4.0 kU/L (93% specificity). Colorectal tumors were accompanied by a highly significant increase (P < 0.001) in fecal tumor M2- PK levels (median: colon carcinoma, 23.1 kU/L; rectal carcinoma, 6.9 kU/L; colorectal carcinoma, 14.7 kU/L), which correlated with Duke’s staging and T-classification. The overall sensitivity was 78% for colorectal cancer, increasing from 60% for stage T1 to 100% for stage T4 and from 60% for Duke’s A to 90% for Duke’s D tumors. CONCLUSION: Fecal tumor M2-PK is an appropriately sensitive tool to pre-select those patients requiring colonoscopy for the further diagnostic confirmation or exclusion of colorectal cancer.

关键词： Tumor M2-Pyruvate kinase Pyruvate kinasetype M2 Colon cancer Rectal cancer Adenoma Feces Cancer screening

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Predator-induced changes of male and female mating preferences: innate and learned components

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Current Zoology 2019年第3期65卷 305-316页

作者： Martin PLATH Kai LIU Diane UMUTONI Guilherme GOMES-SILVA Jie-Fei WEI Eric CYUBAHIRO Bo-Jian CHEN carolin.SOMMER-TREMBO Department of Basic and Applied Zoology College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling China Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology in Agriculture Northwest A&F University Yangling China Sino-Canadian Center for Environment & Sustainable Development Department of Geography ("Saude Ambiental") Universidade Federal de Uberlandia Minas Gerais Brazil College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China Department of Environmental Sciences Institute of Zoology University of Basel Switzerland

While many mati ng pref ere nces have a genetic basis, the question remai ns as to whether and how learning/experience can modify individual mate choice decisions. We used wild-caught (predator-experienced) and Fi laboratory-reared (predator-naive) invasive Western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis from China to test whether mating preferences (assessed in a first mate choice test) would change under immediate predation threat. The same individuals were tested in a second mate choice test during which 1 of 3 types of animated predators was presented: 1) a co-occurring predator, 2) a co-evolved but not currently co-occurring predator, and 3) a non-piscivorous species as control. We compared preference scores derived from both mate choice tests to separate innate from experiential effects of predation. We also asked whether predator-induced changes in mating preferences would differ betwee n sexes or depend on the choosing individual's personality type and/or body size. Wild-caught fish altered their mate choice decisions most when exposed to the co-occurring predator whereas laboratory-reared individuals responded most to the co-evolved predator, suggesting that both innate mechanisms and learning effects are involved. This behavior likely reduces individuals' risk of falling victim to predation by temporarily moving away from high-quality (i.e., conspicuous) mating partners. Accordingly, effects were stronger in bolder than shyer, large- compared with small-bodied, and female compared with male focal individuals, likely because those phenotypes face an increased predation risk overall. Our study adds to the growing body of literature appreciating the complexity of the mate choice process, where an array of intrinsic and extrinsic factors interacts during decision-making.

关键词： female choice male mate choice non-independent mate choice predator recognition sexual selection

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Development of Bulk Organic Chemical Processes—History,Status,and Opportunities for Academic Research

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CCS Chemistry 2021年第3期3卷 512-530页

作者： carolin.Schneider Thomas Leischner Pavel Ryabchuk Ralf Jackstell Kathrin Junge Matthias Beller Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. 18059 Rostock Galapagos NV 2800 Mechelen

The production of bulk organic chemicals has a strong impact on our daily *** this review,an overview of important industrial processes using homogeneous catalysts is *** specific carbonylation and hydrogenation case studies,we want to show how basic research can contribute to the development of such processes and what challenges exist in this area of academic research.

关键词： catalysis bulk chemicals chemical processes sustainability methanol carbonylation hydrogenation

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