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The adjustment of γ-aminobutyric acid_A tonic subunits in Huntington＇s disease：from transcription to translation to synaptic levels into the neostriatum

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第4期13卷 584-590页

作者： Abraham Rosas-Arellano Argel Estrada-Mondragón carola a.mantellero Carlos Tejeda-Guzmán Maite A.Castro Instituto de Bioquimica y Microbiologia Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe) Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile Departamento de Fisiologla Biofisica y Neurociencias Cinvestav del IPN Ciudad de Mexico Mexico Queensland Brain Institute The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia Laboratorio de Neurociencias Departamento de Biologia Facultad de Quimica y Biologla Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago de Chile Chile

γ-Aminobutyric acid（GABA）,plays a key role in all stages of life,also is considered the main inhibitory *** activates two kind of membrane receptors known as GABAA and GABAB,the first one is responsible to render tonic inhibition by pentameric receptors containing α4-6,β3,δ,or ρ1-3 subunits,they are located at perisynaptic and/or in extrasynaptic *** biophysical properties of GABAA tonic inhibition have been related with cellular protection against excitotoxic injury and cell death in presence of excessive *** this basis,GABAA tonic inhibition has been proposed as a potential target for therapeutic intervention of Huntington＇s ***＇s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a genetic mutation of the huntingtin *** experimental studies of Huntington＇s disease mouse models have been developed,such as R6/1,R6/2,Hdh Q92,Hdh Q150,as well as *** all of them,some key experimental reports are focused on *** neostriatum is considered as the most important connection between cerebral cortex and basal ganglia structures,its cytology display two pathways called direct and indirect constituted by medium sized spiny neurons expressing dopamine D1 and D2 receptors respectively,they display strong expression of many types of GABAA receptors,including tonic *** studies about of GABAA tonic subunits and Huntington＇s disease into the neostriatum are rising in recent years,suggesting interesting changes in their expression and localization which can be used as a strategy to delay the cellular damage caused by the imbalance between excitation and inhibition,a hallmark of Huntington＇s disease.

关键词： GABAA extrasynaptic and perisynaptic y-aminobutyric acidA receptors striatum R6/1, R6/2,HdhQ92, HdhQ111, HdhQ150, N171-82Q and YAC128 HD transgenics mice models chorea mutanthuntingtin inhibitory neurotransmission D1 medium sized spiny neurons D2 medium sized spiny neurons

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Grouping tree species to estimate basal area increment in temperate multispecies forests in Durango,Mexico

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 1-13页

作者： Jaime Roberto Padilla-Martínez carola Paul Kai Husmann Jose Javier Corral-Rivas Klaus von Gadow Department of Forest Economics and Sustainable Land-use Planning Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest EcologyUniversity of GottingenBüsgenweg 137077GottingenGermany Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Juarez del Estado de DurangoRío Papaloapan y Boulevard Durango S/N34120DurangoMexico Faculty of Forestry and Forest Ecology Georg-August-UniversitatBüsgenweg 537077GottingenGermany Department of Forestry and Wood Science Faculty of AgriSciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch Private Bag X1Stellenbosch7602South Africa

Multispecies forests have received increased scientific attention,driven by the hypothesis that biodiversity improves ecological ***,a greater species diversity presents challenges for forest management and *** study aims to develop basal area growth models for tree species *** analysis is based on a dataset of 423 permanent plots(2,500 m^(2))located in temperate forests in Durango,***,we define tree species cohorts based on individual and neighborhood-based variables using a combination of principal component and cluster ***,we estimate the basal area increment of each cohort through the generalized additive model to describe the effect of tree size,competition,stand density and site *** principal component and cluster analyses assign a total of 37 tree species to eight cohorts that differed primarily with regard to the distribution of tree size and vertical position within the *** generalized additive models provide satisfactory estimates of tree growth for the species cohorts,explaining between 19 and 53 percent of the total variation of basal area increment,and highlight the following results:i)most cohorts show a"rise-and-fall"effect of tree size on tree growth;ii)surprisingly,the competition index"basal area of larger trees"had showed a positive effect in four of the eight cohorts;iii)stand density had a negative effect on basal area increment,though the effect was minor in medium-and high-density stands,and iv)basal area growth was positively correlated with site quality except for an oak *** developed species cohorts and growth models provide insight into their particular ecological features and growth patterns that may support the development of sustainable management strategies for temperate multispecies forests.

关键词： Temperate multispecies forests Cluster analysis Basal area increment Generalized additive models

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From natural environment to artificial system:Chang’an and its water system in the Western Han Dynasty

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第3期11卷 440-452页

作者： Ruikun Wang carola Hein College of Architecture and Urban Planning Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment Delft Technical UniversityDelftthe Netherlands

People around the world have shaped societies and urban spaces around water for *** have transformed natural water structures and patterns to serve their diverse *** ways in which historical decisions affect contemporary water systems and influence future planning of urban systems still need to be fully *** paper explores the multiple roles of water systems in Chang’an during the Western Han ***’an,one of the ancient names for the city of Xi’an,was a typical capital city of China and East Asia in early ancient *** study explores everyday practices pertaining to water as well as its role in defense,gardening,politics and *** upon three historical theories,this study presents findings that water was embedded in the design of traditional Chinese *** siting and construction of capital cities was first based on the Theory of Choosing the Center(3rd century BCE)and the Theory of Conforming to Nature(5th-3rd century BCE).However,the final maturation of this urban morphology,including the water system,was closely related to the Theory of Symbolizing and Modeling Heaven and Earth(4th-3rd century BCE),in a way that manifested the imperial power’s organization and control of space and *** close analysis of historical documents,archaeological reports and modem investigations,the paper aims to clarify,analyze and summarize the historical context and evolution,functional and structural characteristics,as well as the economic,political,cultural and military connotations of water systems in Chang’*** argues that the coordination of urban construction and the water environment was a key foundation for capital city *** proposes that people shaped urban water supply in many ways,including daily life,waterway transportation,agricultural irrigation,aquaculture promotion,military defense and fire *** water system in Chang’an also provided an important place for royalty and nobility to go f

关键词： Capital city Water system Chang’an Xianyang Wei River Kunming Lake Taiye Lake Symbolic image

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Early life stress-induced neuroinflammation and neurological disorders: a novel perspective for research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第9期17卷 1971-1972页

作者： Clarissa Catale Valeria carola Maria Teresa Viscomi Division of Experimental Neuroscience IRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health StudiesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly Department of Life Science and Public Health Section of Histology and EmbryologyUniversitàCattolica del S.CuoreRomeItaly

Childhood maltreatment(CM)has been consistently linked with numerous detrimental outcomes concerning physical and psychological ***,few studies have explored vulnerability to neurological disorders after *** life adversity,in the form of poverty,stress and abuse,has been associated with decline in cognitive function and dementia later in life(Short and Baram,2019).Robust preclinical data suggest that early life stress(ELS)may increase the risk and worsen the course of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s(AD)and Parkinson’s(PD)diseases,and traumatic brain injury(TBI)(Lesuis et al.,2018;Short and Baram,2019;He et al.,2020;Catale et al.,2021;Sanchez et al.,2021).

关键词： neurological disorders inflammation

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Full-fat insect meals in ruminant nutrition:in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and lipid biohydrogenation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第3期14卷 1102-1117页

作者： Manuela Renna Mauro Coppa carola Lussiana Aline Le Morvan Laura Gasco Gaelle Maxin Department of Veterinary Sciences University of TurinLargo P.Braccini 210095 GrugliascoTOItaly Independent Researcher Universite Clermont AuvergneINRAEVetAgro SupUMR 1213 HerbivoresSaint‑Genes‑ChampanelleFrance Department of Agricultural Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinLargo P.Braccini 210095 GrugliascoTOItaly Universite Clermont Auvergne INRAEVetAgro SupUMR 1213 HerbivoresSaint‑Genes‑ChampanelleFrance.

Background:The most used protein sources in ruminant nutrition are considered as having negative impacts in terms of environmental sustainability and competition with human ***,the investigation of alternative and sustainable feedstuffs is becoming a priority in ruminant production ***:This trial was designed to evaluate eight full-fat insect meals(Acheta domesticus–ACD;Alphitobius diaperinus–ALD;Blatta lateralis–BL;Gryllus bimaculatus–GB;Grylloides sygillatus–GS;Hermetia illucens–HI;Musca domestica–MD;and Tenebrio molitor–TM)as potential protein and lipid sources in ruminant *** parameters and fatty acids(FA)of rumen digesta after 24-h in vitro ruminal incubation of the tested insect meals were measured and compared with those of three plant-based meals(soybean meal,rapeseed meal and sunflower meal)and fishmeal(FM).Similarly to FM,the insect meals led to a significantly lower total gas production(on average,1.75vs.4.64 mmol/g dry matter-DM),methane production(on average,0.33 vs.0.91 mmol/g DM),volatile FA production(on average,4.12 vs.7.53 mmol/g DM),and in vitro organic matter disappearance(on average,0.32 vs.0.59 g/g)than those observed for the plant *** insect meals also led to lower ammonia of rumen fluid,when expressed as a proportion of total N(on average,0.74 vs.0.52 for the plant and insect meals,respectively),which could be an advantage provided that intestinal digestibility is *** in ruminal fermentation parameters between the insect meals could be partially explained by their chitin,crude protein and ether extract contents,as well as by their FA *** particular,high content of polyunsaturated FA,or C12:0(in HI),seems to partially inhibit the ruminal ***:The tested full-fat insect meals appear to be potentially an interesting protein and lipid source for ruminants,alternative to the less sustainable and commonly used ones of plant *** FA profile of the rum

关键词： Ammonia Fatty acids In vitro digestibility Methane Nutritive value

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Recurrence rates after endoscopic resection of large colorectal polyps:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第29期28卷 4007-4018页

作者： carola Rotermund Roupen Djinbachian Mahsa Taghiakbari Markus D Enderle Axel Eickhoff Daniel von Renteln Research and Basic Technologies ERBE Elektromedizin GmbHTuebingen 72072Germany Division of Internal Medicine Montreal University Hospital CenterMontreal QC H2X 3E4Canada Montreal University Hospital Research Center Montreal University Hospital CenterMontreal QC H2X 3E4Canada Department of Internal Medicine II Klinikum HanauHanau 63450Germany

BACKGROUND Complete polyp resection is the main goal of endoscopic removal of large colonic *** techniques have evolved in recent years and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD),endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)with margin ablation,cold snare polypectomy(CSP),cold EMR,and underwater EMR have been ***,efficacy of these techniques with regard to local recurrence rates(LRRs)vs traditional hot snare polypectomy and standard EMR remains *** To analyze LRR of large colonic polyps in a systematic review and *** MEDLINE,EMBASE,EBM Reviews,and CINAHL were searched for prospective studies reporting LRR or incomplete resection rate(IRR)after colonic polypectomy of polyps≥10 mm,published between January 2011 and July *** outcome was LRR for polyps≥10 *** Six thousand nine hundred and twenty-eight publications were identified,of which 34 prospective studies were *** for polyps≥10 mm at up to 12 mo’follow-up was 11.0%(95%CI,7.1%-14.8%;15 studies;4904 polyps).ESD(1.7%;95%CI,0%-3.4%;3 studies,221 polyps)and endoscopic mucosal resection with margin ablation(3.3%;95%CI,2.2%-4.5%;2 studies,947 polyps)significantly reduced LRR vs standard EMR without(15.2%;95%CI,12.5%-18.0%;4 studies,650 polyps)or with unsystematic margin ablation(16.5%;95%CI,15.2%-17.8%;6 studies,3031 polyps).CONCLUSION LRR is significantly lower after ESD or EMR with routine margin ablation;thus,these techniques should be considered standard for endoscopic removal of large colorectal *** techniques,such as CSP,cold EMR,and underwater EMR require further evaluation in prospective studies before their routine implementation in clinical practice can be recommended.

关键词： Colonoscopy Adenoma Polyp Endoscopic mucosal resection Colorectal cancer

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Assessing the effectiveness of quarantine measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile using Bayesian structural time series models

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第4期7卷 625-636页

作者： Claudia Barría-Sandoval Guillermo Ferreira Bernardo Lagos carola Montecino Bacigalupo Nursing School Faculty of Health and Social SciencesUniversidad de las AméricasConcepciònChile Faculty of Nursing Universidad de ConcepciònConcepciònChile Department of Statistics Universidad de ConcepciònConcepciònChile Applied Mathematics Group(GMA)Faculty of Sciences Universidad del BiobíoConcepciònChile Nursing School Faculty of Health and Social SciencesUniversidad de las AméricasSantiagoChile

Background:With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic,all existing health protocols were tested under the worst health crisis humanity has experienced since the Black Death in the 14th *** in Latin America have been the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic,with more than 1.5 million people *** health measures have included quarantines,border closures,social distancing,and mask use,among *** particular,Chile implemented total or partial quarantine measures depending on the number of infections in each region of the ***,it is necessary to study the effectiveness of these quarantines in relation to the public health measures implemented by government entities at the national ***:The main objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of national-and region-level quarantines in Chile during the pandemic based on information published by the Chilean Ministry of Health,and answers to the following question are sought:Were quarantine measures in Chile effective during the COVID-19 pandemic?Methods:The causal effect between the rates of COVID-19 infections and the population rates in Phase 1 and Phase 2 quarantines in the period from March 2020 to March 2021 in different regions of Chile were evaluated using intervention analyses obtained through Bayesian structural time series *** addition,the Kendall correlation coefficient obtained through the copula approach was used to evaluate the comovement between these ***:In 75%of the Chilean regions under study(12 regions out of a total of 16),an effective Phase 1 quarantine,which was implemented to control and reduce the number of cases of COVID-19 infection,was *** main regions that experienced a decrease in cases were those located in the north and center of *** Phase 2,the COVID-19 pandemic was effectively managed in 31%(5 out of 16)of the *** the southcentral and extreme southern regions of Chile,the effectiveness o

关键词： Comovement Bayesian time series models Novel coronavirus 2010 MSC 00e01 99-00

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Lower marine productivity increases agonistic interactions between sea lions and fur seals in Northern Pacific Patagonia

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Current Zoology 2022年第6期68卷 657-666页

作者： Felipe MONTALVA Hector PAVES Diego PEREZ-VENEGAS Karin G BARRIENTOS E carola VALENCIA Diego MIRANDA-URBINA Mauricio SEGUEL Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Pontificia Universidad Catolica de ChileSantiagoChile Departamento de Ciencias Basicas Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Santo TomasOsornoChile Centro de Investigacion y Gestion de Recursos Naturales(CIGREN) Instituto de BiologıaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de ValparaısoValparaısoChile Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agrarias Escuela de Graduados de laFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y AlimentariasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Sede PatagoniaUniversidad San SebastianPuerto MonttChile Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas Universidad de TalcaTalcaChile Department of Pathobiology Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphCanada

Interspecific interactions are key drivers of individual and population-level fitness in a wide range of ***,in marine ecosystems,it is relatively unknown which biotic and abiotic factors impact behavioral interactions between competing *** assessed the impact of weather,marine productivity,and population structure on the behavioral agonistic interactions between South American fur seals(SAFSs),Arctocephalus australis,and South American sea lions(SASLs),Otaria byronia,in a breeding colony of *** hypothesized that agonistic interactions between SAFSs and SASLs respond to biotic and abiotic factors such as SAFS population structure,marine productivity,and *** found that SASL and SAFS interactions almost always resulted in negative impacts on the social structure or reproductive success of the SAFS *** adult males initiated stampedes of SAFS and/or abducted and predated SAFS *** SAFS males abundance and severe weather events were negatively correlated with agonistic interactions between ***,proxies for lower marine productivity such as higher sea surface temperature and lower catches of demerso-pelagic fish were the most important predictors of more frequent agonistic interactions between SAFS and *** the current scenario of decline in marine biomass due to global climate change and overfishing,agonistic interactions between competing marine predators could increase and exacerbate the negative impacts of environmental change in these species.

关键词： interspecific interactions climate change Guafo Island sea surface temperature South American fur seal South American sea lion

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Multiple checkpoints keep follicular helper T cells under control to prevent autoimmunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2010年第3期7卷 198-203页

作者： Di Yu carola G Vinuesa Department of Immunology and Inflammation Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNSWAustralia Department of Immunology and Genetics John Curtin School of Medical ResearchCanberraACTAustralia

Follicular helper T(Tfh)cells select mutated B cells in germinal centres,which can then differentiate into long-lived high affinity memory B cells and plasma *** cells are regulated by a unique molecular programme orchestrated by the transcriptional repressor *** transcription factor turns down expression of multiple genes,including transcriptional regulators of other T helper lineages and a vast amount of *** enables Tfh cells to express a suite of chemokine receptors,stimulatory ligands and cytokines that enable migration into B-cell follicles,and provision of effective help to B *** surprisingly,dysregulation of this powerful helper subset can lead to a range of autoantibody-mediated diseases;indeed,aberrant accumulation of Tfh cells has been linked with systemic lupus erythematosus,Sjogren’s disease and autoimmune *** we dissect multiple checkpoints that operate throughout Tfh cell development and maturation to maintain immunological tolerance while mounting robust and long-lasting antibody responses.

关键词： autoimmunity germinal centre Tfh

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Female reproductive success in a species with an age-inversed hierarchy

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第6期11卷 433-446页

作者： Dorien DE VRIES Andreas KOENIG carola BORRIES Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences Stony Brook UniversitySUNYNYUSA Department of Anthropology Stony Brook UniversitySUNYNYUSA

In most group-living mammals,reproductive success declines with increasing age and increases with increasing *** effects have mainly been studied in matrilineal and in“age positive”hierarchies,which are stable and in which high ranking females often outperform low ranking *** relationships are less well-understood in age-inversed dominance hierarchies,in which a female’s rank changes over *** analyzed demographic data of 2 wild,unprovisioned groups of gray langurs(Semnopithecus schistaceus)near Ramnagar,Nepal covering periods of 5 years *** rank was unstable and *** measured reproductive success via birth rates(57 births),infant survival(proportion of infants surviving to 2 years)and number of offspring surviving to 2 years of age(successful births)for 3 age and 3 rank *** found that old females performed significantly worse than expected(birth rate P=0.04;successful births P=0.03).The same was true for low ranking females(P=0.04,and P<0.01,respectively).Infant survival was highest for young and middle-aged as well as for high and middle ranking ***,the results for these unstable hierarchies were rather similar to those for stable hierarchies of other mammals,particularly several nonhuman ***pared to a provisioned population of a closely related species,the wild and unprovisioned population examined(i)showed stronger age effects,while(ii)female reproductive success was equally affected by *** comparative studies are needed to examine whether captive or provisioned populations deviate predictably from wild populations.

关键词： birth rate gray langurs offspring survival provisioning Semnopithecus schistaceus

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