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Plasmodesmata: Dynamic Channels for Symplastic Transport

Acta Botanica Sinica 2001年第5期43卷 441-460页

作者：马丰山 carol A.PETERSON Department of Biology University of Waterloo

Plasmodesmata (PDs) are cytoplasmic structures that link adj.cent cells to form the symplast of a plant. PDs are involved extensively in a plant's life by mediating symplastic transport of a wide range of ions and molecules. Maj.r components of a plasmodesma (PD) include a plasma membrane, a desmotubule, and a cytoplasmic annulus, all of which are readily detectable by electron microscopy. Both the plasma membrane and the desmotubule contain proteinaceous particles, thought to be involved in altering the size of the cytoplasmic annulus. Cytoskeleton elements (actin and myosin) are essential for maintaining the integrity of PDs. Together with these elements, calcium_binding proteins probably play a significant role in regulating PD function. Symplastic transport occurs through the cytoplasmic annulus for the great maj.rity of solutes, while other substances may traverse through the desmotubule internal compartment, the desmotubule shell, or the plasma membrane. The symplast is subdivided into several domains with varying molecular size exclusion limits (ranging from 10 kD). Plasmodesmata can be either primary or secondary; the former are developed during new wall formation and the latter are made in existing walls. The dynamic nature of plasmodesmata is also reflected by their changing frequencies, which, in turn, depend on the developmental and physiological status of the tissue or the entire plant. While diffusion is the maj.r mechanism of symplastic transport, plasmodesmata are selective for certain ions and molecules. Upon viral infection, viral movement proteins interact with PD receptor proteins and, as a result of yet unknown mechanisms, the plasmodesmata are remarkably dilated to allow viral movement proteins and the bound viral genome to enter healthy cells. Some proteins of plant origin are also able to traverse plasmodesmata, presumably in ways similar to viral movement proteins. Some of these plant proteins are probably signal molecules con

关键词： cytoskeleton movement protein phloem plasmodesmata protein size exclusion limit symplastic transport virus

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Modeling Dietary Fiber Intakes in US Adults: Implications for Public Policy

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2011年第9期2卷 925-931页

作者： Theresa A. Nicklas carol E. O’Neil DeAnn j. Liska Nelson G. Almeida Victor L. Fulgoni III 不详

Obj.ctive: The goal of this study was to simulate the application of the dietary recommendations to increase dietary fiber (DF)-containing foods. Methods: This study used 24-hour dietary recalls from NHANES 2003-2006 to model the impact of different approaches of increasing DF with current dietary patterns of US adults 19 + years: 1) increased all DF-containing foods by 10, 25, 50, or 100%;2) increased DF content of low DF grain products to a good (2.5 g/serving) or an excellent source level (5.0 g/serving);and 3) increased intake of whole grain foods to meet the recommendation of one-half of total grain. Results: Increasing DF-containing foods by 10, 25, 50, or 100% increased DF intake to 16.9, 18.9, 22.1, and 29.5 g/d, respectively with a concomitant increase in energy of 104, 260, 521, 1042 kcal/d, respectively. Adding 2.5 or 5.0 g/serving DF to low DF grain foods to result in DF intakes of 24.7 and 39.1 g/day, respectively without increased energy. Increasing consumption of whole grain foods increased DF intake to 25.3 g/day but with an additional 1266 kcal/d. Conclusions: Adding additional DF to existing grain-based foods may be a reasonable approach to getting more DF, without increased energy, in the American diet.

关键词： Dietary Fiber Adults Statistical Modeling of Fiber NHANES

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Comparison of skeletal and soft tissue pericytes identifies CXCR4+ bone forming mural cells in human tissues

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Bone Research 2020年第3期8卷 286-299页

作者： j.aj.a Xu Dongqing Li Ching-Yun Hsu Ye Tian Leititia Zhang Yiyun Wang Robert j.Tower Leslie Chang carolyn A.Meyers Yongxing Gao Kristen Broderick carol Morris j.dy E.Hooper Sridhar Nimmagadda Bruno Peault Aaron W.j.mes Departments of Pathology Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore 21205 MDUSA Department of Microbiology Wuhan University School of Basic Medical of ScienceWuhanHubeiP.R.China Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningP.R.China Departments of Orthopaedics Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore 21205 MDUSA Departments of Plastic Surgery Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore 21205 MDUSA Departments of Autopsy Service Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21205USA Departments of Radiology and Radiological Science bonBaltimore 21205 MDUSA UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center Los AngelesCA 90095USA Center for Cardiovascular Science and MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine University of EdinburghEdinburghUK

Human osteogenic progenitors are not precisely defined,being primarily studied as heterogeneous multipotent cell populations and termed mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs).Notably,select human pericytes can develop into bone-forming ***,we sought to define the differentiation potential of CD146 f human pericytes from skeletal and soft tissue sources,with the underlying goal of defining cell surface markers that typify an osteoblastogenic ***146+CD31~CD45_pericytes were derived by fluorescence-activated cell sorting from human periosteum,adipose,or dermal *** CD146+CD31—CD45 cells retained canonical features of pericytes/*** pericytes demonstrated a striking tendency to undergo osteoblastogenesis in vitro and skeletogenesis in vivo,while soft tissue pericytes did not *** analysis revealed higher CXCR4 signaling among periosteal pericytes in comparison to their soft tissue counterparts,and CXCR4 chemical inhibition abrogated ectopic ossification by periosteal ***,enrichment of CXCR4+pericytes or stromal cells identified an osteoblastic/non-adipocytic precursor *** sum,human skeletal and soft tissue pericytes differ in their basal abilities to form *** exists in soft tissue pericytes,however,and CXCR4+pericytes represent an osteoblastogenic,non-adipocytic cell ***,enrichment for CXCR4-expressing stromal cells is a potential new tactic for skeletal tissue engineering.

关键词： CD146 CXCR4 pericyte

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Ropinirole Implants Reverse MPTP-Induced Parkinsonism in Rhesus Monkeys

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2013年第3期4卷 1-8页

作者： Steven j. Siegel Lauren Nagy Torben Skarsfeldt Mark Pierce carol O’ Neill Robert Lin Lori Langhamer j.ffery H. Kordower Department of Psychiatry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA NuPathe Inc. Conshohocken USA Rush Medical Center Chicago USA

Purpose: We compared efficacy and side effects of ropinirole implants with oral ropinirole in parkinsonian monkeys. Methods: Twenty monkeys received inj.ctions of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-hydrochloride (MPTP) to render them parkinsonian. Monkeys were then placed into 3 groups based upon clinical rating scores (CRS). Group 1 received oral ropinirole and placebo implants. Group 2 receivedropinirole implants that released 1/9th of the animals’ optimal daily oral dose and oral placebo. Group 3 received placebo implants and oral placebo. Monkeys were assessed for pharmacokinetic data, CRS, Global Dyskinesia Rating Scale, and skin irritation. Results: For the ropinirole implant group, the activity pattern was similar to that seen pre-MPTP;which extended through the weekends and was greater than control treated parkinsonian monkeys. Oral ropinirole yielded a high degree of variability for activity, with values following oral dosing being higher than the pre-MPTP periodbut levels similar to placebo treated parkinsonian animals during weekends, which were excluded from oral dosing. Implants and oral treatment achieved significant improvement in CRS between 11 - 60 days and 4 - 60 days respectively. Conclusion: Low dose ropinirole implants have the potential to provide continuous clinical improvement in bradykinesia with fewer “off periods” and lower risk for medication-induced psychosis than oral medication.

关键词： Ropinirole Implant Parkinson’s Disease MPTP Pharmacokinetic Dyskinesia

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Editorial

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2015年第4期26卷 393-394页

作者： Zhan Chen Brian P.Coppola carol A.Fierke Department of Chemistry University of Michigan

We convey our sincere thanks for the publication of this special University of Michigan issue of Chinese Chemical Letters. The idea to publish this special issue came from a meeting between Dr. Zhan Chen （Professor of Chemistry at the University of Michigan） and Dr. Huanfang Guo （associate editor-in-chief, Chinese Chemical Letters） when Dr. Guo visited the University of Michigan during May 2014. On behalf of Prof. Xuhong Qian, the editor-in-chief of Chinese Chemical Letters, Dr. Guo invited Prof. Chen to contact various professors at the University of Michigan to make contributions to a special issue. Prof. Chen received many immediate responses, resulting in the eighteen mini-reviews and research papers published in this issue and authored by members of research groups at the University of Michigan. Nineteen professors, their postdoctoral fellows, students, and collaborators contributed to this special issue, including professors associated with College of Literature, Science and Arts （Chemistry, Biophysics, Applied Physics）, College of Engineering （Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering）, School of Medicine （Radiology, Internal Medicine, Surgery）, School of Pharmacy, and School of Dentistry at the University of Michigan. The co-authors for these articles also include many researchers from universities in China such as Nanj.ng University, China University of Geosciences, Nanj.ng Medical University, Nanj.ng College of Chemical Technology, and Southeast University. The research reported in these articles covers many areas in chemistry and related sciences, as well as many interdisciplinary research proj.cts, fitting the nature and scope of Chinese Chemical Letters, which publishes mini-reviews and research articles in all areas of chemistry, satisfying a real and urgent need for the dissemination of new and exciting research results.

关键词： Folate binding protein Serum protein Drug delivery Folate conj.gate Folic acid

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Prevalence of vitreous floaters in a community sample of smartphone users

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International j.urnal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2013年第3期6卷 402-405页

作者： Blake F. Webb j.don R. Webb Mary C. Schroeder carol S. North Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Texas Tech University Child Study Center Yale University Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science University of Iowa Department of Psychiatry UT Southwestern

AIM: To estimate the prevalence and risk factors for vitreous floaters in the general population. ·METHODS: An electronic survey was administered through a smartphone app asking various demographic and health questions, including whether users experience floaters in their field of vision. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors. ·RESULTS: A total of 603 individuals completed the survey, with 76% reporting that they see floaters, and 33% reporting that floaters caused noticeable impairment in vision. Myopes were 3.5 times more likely (P =0.0004), and hyperopes 4.4 times more likely (P =0.0069) to report moderate to severe floaters compared to those with normal vision. Floater prevalence was not significantly affected by respondent age, race, gender, and eye color. ·CONCLUSION: Vitreous floaters were found to be a very common phenomenon in this non -clinical general population sample, and more likely to be impairing in myopes and hyperopes.

关键词： vitreous floaters myopia survey floaters age

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Positional cloning of PmCH1357 reveals the origin and allelic variation of the Pm2 gene for powdery mildew resistance in wheat

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The Crop j.urnal 2019年第6期7卷 771-783页

作者： Fang Chen Haiyan j.a Xiaoj.n Zhang Linyi Qiao Xin Li j.n Zheng Huij.an Guo carol Powers Liuling Yan Zhij.an Chang College of Life Science Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006ShanxiChina The Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Gene Improvement Institute of Crop ScienceShanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaiyuan 030031ShanxiChina Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Centre Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina Institute of Wheat Research Shanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesLinfen 041000ShanxiChina

Powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici(Bgt), is a prevalent disease in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) and causes serious yield losses worldwide. We used a map-based approach to clone the maj.r broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance gene Pm CH1357 from wheat breeding line CH1357. Pm CH1357 was mapped to a 526 kb region containing only Traes CS5 D01 G044600. The Traes CS5 D01 G044600 sequence of the susceptibility allele in Taichung 29(TC29) was identical to that in Chinese Spring, whereas the sequence of the resistance allele in CH1357 was identical to Pm2a previously cloned from the germplasm Ulka/*8Cc. The susceptibility allele in TC29 contained a 7 bp deletion in exon 1, resulting in loss of 856 of the 1277 amino acids in the predicted nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing Pm2a *** CH1357/Pm2a sequence was also isolated from the Chinese wheat landraces and cultivars that were previously reported to possess the resistance gene Pm2b, Pm2c,PmLX66, or PmND399. The Pm CH1357/Pm2a resistance allele was present in 10 of 495 accessions in core germplasm and contemporary cultivars from China and the USA. A newly developed diagnostic marker for the 7 bp In Del in the resistance gene can be used to eliminate the susceptibility allele in wheat breeding programs.

关键词： Map-based cloning Natural variation Bgt isolate E09 Triticum aestivum Molecular breeding

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A comparison of gene expression in mouse liver and kidney in obstructive cholestasis utilizing high-density oligonucleotide microarray technology

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2006年第16期12卷 2536-2548页

作者： Gerald U Denk Shi-Ying Cai Wen-Sheng Chen Aiping Lin carol j.Soroka j.mes L Boyer Liver Center Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut United States W. M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory Yale University School of Medicine New Haven ConnecticutUnited States Department of Medicine II-GroBhadem LudwigMaximilians University Miinchen Germany Department of Gastroenterology Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038China

AIM： To assess the effects of obstructive cholestasis on a wider range of gene expression using microarray technology. METHODS： Male C57BI_/6j.mice underwent common bile duct ligation （BDL） and were matched with pairfed sham-operated controls. After 7 d, the animals were sacrificed and total RNA was isolated from livers and kidneys. Equal amounts of RNA from each tissue were pooled for each group and hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChip^MG-U74Av2 containing a total of 12488 probe sets. Data analysis was performed using GeneSpring 6.0 software. Northern analysis and immunofluorescence were used for validation. RESULTS： In sham-operated and BDL mice, 44 and 50% of 12488 genes were expressed in livers, whereas 49 and 51% were expressed in kidneys, respectively. Seven days after BDL, 265 liver and 112 kidney genes with GeneOntology annotation were up-regulated and 113 liver and 36 kidney genes were down-regulated in comparison with sham-operated controls. Many genes were commonly regulated in both tissues and metabolism-related genes represented the largest functional group. CONCLUSION： Following BDL, microarray analysis reveals a broad range of gene alterations in both liver and kidney.

关键词： Bile duct ligation Cholestasis Kidney Liver Microarray

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因特网的分析索引:乌托邦的梦想

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图书馆杂志 2000年第6期19卷 13-17页

作者：祝力 carol Casey 解放军外国语学院图书馆河南洛阳471003 美国拉法耶特市路易斯安那大学杜波图书馆编目部

检索互无关联的信息条目和数字内容时,所有查询因特网资源的方法都变得力不从心。本文通过研究现有的因特网查询方法、传统的书目控制和网站设计,探讨了对分析索引的需求问题。通过对这些索引的开发、设计和资源筛选过程中遇到的相关问... 详细信息

检索互无关联的信息条目和数字内容时,所有查询因特网资源的方法都变得力不从心。本文通过研究现有的因特网查询方法、传统的书目控制和网站设计,探讨了对分析索引的需求问题。通过对这些索引的开发、设计和资源筛选过程中遇到的相关问题的讨论,得出一个结论,即在因特网上创建全面的分析索引不现实,而创建小型具体化的索引可能是查询某些具体数字信息的最佳途径。

关键词：因物网分析索引书目控制网上信息

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Time, Culture and Identity: Exploring Horological Collections with UK-China Museum Audiences

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Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology 2020年第S01期4卷 82-102页

作者： carol CHUNG Science Museum London SW72DDUK

This paper discusses cross-cultural understanding of museum collections by looking into transnational audience engagement with the imperial clock collection of the Palace Museum in *** audience research took place in three sites:the Hong Kong Science Museum,the Palace Museum in Beij.ng,and the Science Museum in *** data were collected using qualitative methods,such as intercept interviews,focus groups,and informal group discussions with non-specialist and specialist audiences across the three *** qualitative samples suggest that UK-China audiences draw from different cultural references when they engage with the unique"singsongs"in the imperial clock *** the divergence of cultural connections made across audiences in the UK and China,it is consistent in the audience data that the appeal of the clocks is reinforced by seeing their *** data also indicate a desire to connect with human stories behind the creation,trade,and conservation of singsongs,and expectations for a digital resource that is visually captivating and offers additional insights into the singsongs,such as the demonstration,mechanism,and backstory of the *** paper concludes with a reflection on the implications of audience data for the interpretation strategy of a London-based exhibition featuring the singsongs,and considerations for the development of a digital experience about the imperial horological collections that speaks to audiences across the UK and China.

关键词： audience engagement Palace Museum interpretation singsongs mechanical clocks

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