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Female preferences for male golden snub-nosed monkeys vary with male age and social context

Current Zoology 2022年第2期68卷 133-142页

作者： Xi YANG carol m.berman Hanyu Hu Rong Hou Kang HUANG Xiaowei Wang Haitao ZHAO Chengliang WANG Baoguo Li Pei ZHANG Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710069China Department of Anthropology and Graduate Program in Evolution Ecology and BehaviorState University of New York at BuffaloNY 14261USA Shaanxi Institute of Zoology Shaanxi Province Academy of SciencesXi'an 710032China

Age is a key factor affecting sexual selection,as many physical and social traits are *** studies of primate mate choice often consider particular age-related traits,few consider the collective effects of male *** tested the hypothesis that female golden snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus roxellana prefer prime aged males(10-15 years)over younger and older *** examined a habituated,provisioned troop during a 3-year study in the Qinling mountains,*** age males were more likely to be resident males of 1-male units(OmUs)than males of other *** females are free to transfer between OmUs,the number of females per OmU can be indicative of female *** examined the number of females per OmU,and found that it increased with resident male age up to 7-8 years,and declined after 12 years,such that prime age resident males had more females than other resident *** also initiated extra-unit copulations with high-ranking prime age males at significantly higher rates than with other ***,females tended to transfer from OmUs with high-ranking,older resident males to those with low-ranking,younger resident ***,females appear to use different strategies when choosing social mates and extra-unit mates(i.e.,different social contexts).We speculate that females may perceive early signs of aging in males and trade off the benefits and costs of high rank versus male *** study lays the groundwork for future studies that examine possible direct and indirect benefits of such strategies.

关键词： extra-unit copulation female transfer male age mate choice 1-male unit Rhinopithecus roxellana

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Effects of water stress and NaCl stress on different life cycle stages of the cold desert annual Lachnoloma lehmannii in China

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第5期11卷 774-784页

作者： Jannathan mAmUT TAN Dunyan carol C BASKIN Jerry m BASKIN Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology and ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Western Arid Region Grassland Resources and EcologyCollege of Grassland and Environment SciencesXinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi 830052China College of Biology and Environmental Sciences Jishou UniversityJishou 416000China Department of Biology University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40506USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40546USA

For a plant species to complete its life cycle in arid and saline environments,each stage of the life cycle must be tolerant to the harsh environmental *** aim of the study was to determine the effects of water stress(water potentials of–0.05,–0.16,–0.33,–0.56,–0.85 and–1.21 mPa)and NaCl stress(50,100,200,300,400,500 and 600 mmol/L NaCl)on seed germination percentage,seedling survival and growth,juvenile growth and plant reproduction of Lachnoloma lehmannii Bunge(Brassicaceae),an cold desert annual that grows in the Junggar Basin of Xinjiang,China in *** indicated that low water stress(–0.05 and–0.16 mPa)had no significant effect on seed germination *** a decrease in water potential,germination percentage decreased,and no seeds germinated at–0.85 and–1.21 mPa water *** percentage of seeds was significantly affected by NaCl stress,and higher germination percentages were observed under non-saline than saline *** increase in NaCl concentrations progressively inhibited seed germination percentage,and no seeds germinated at ≥400 mmol/L NaCl ***-germinated seeds were transferred from both PEG(polyethylene glycol-6000)and NaCl solutions to distilled water for seed germination *** number of surviving seedlings and their heights and root lengths significantly decreased as NaCl stress *** 30% of the plants survived and produced fruits/seeds at 200 mmol/L NaCl ***,seed germination,seedling establishment and reproductive stage in the life cycle of *** are water-and salt-tolerant,with seedlings being the least *** tolerances help explain why this species can survive and produce seeds in arid and saline habitats.

关键词： drought stress Lachnoloma lehmannii salinity tolerance seed germination seedling growth

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Advances in Understanding Seed Dormancy at the Whole-seed Level: An Ecological, Biogeographical and Phylogenetic Perspective

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云南植物研究 2008年第3期30卷 279-294页

作者： BASKIN carol C BASKIN Jerry m Department of Biology University of Kentucky Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40546 USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Kentucky

Following a brief account of the early foundations of seed germination ecology sensu lato, some historical and recent developments pertaining to the ecology, biogeography and phylogeny of seed dormancy are discussed.

关键词：种子休眠系统发育生物状态植物学

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Bile acids as endogenous etiologic agents in gastrointestinal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第27期15卷 3329-3340页

作者： Harris Bernstein carol Bernstein Claire m Payne Katerina Dvorak Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy College of Medicine and Arizona Cancer Center University of ArizonaTucson Arizona 85724 United States Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy College of Medicine University of ArizonaTucson Arizona 85724 United States Hematology/Oncology Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Health Care System Tucson Arizona 85723 United States

Bile acids are implicated as etiologic agents in cancer of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including cancer of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, biliary tract, pancreas and colon/rectum. Deleterious effects of bile acid exposure, likely related to carcinogenesis, include: induction of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species; induction of DNA damage; stimulation of mutation; induction of apoptosis in the short term, and selection for apoptosis resistance in the long term. These deleterious effects have, so far, been reported most consistently in relation to esophageal and colorectal cancer, but also to some extent in relation to cancer of other organs. In addition, evidence is reviewed for an association of increased bile acid exposure with cancer risk in human populations, in specific human genetic conditions, and in animal experiments. A model for the role of bile acids in GI carcinogenesis is presented from a Darwinian perspective that offers an explanation for how the observed effects of bile acids on cells contribute to cancer development.

关键词：胆汁酸消化道肿瘤病原体内源性细胞凋亡人类基因 DNA损伤胃肠道

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Dilemmas in end-stage heart failure

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2015年第1期12卷 57-65页

作者： carol Chen-Scarabelli Louis Saravolatz Benjamin Hirsh Pratik Agrawal Tiziano m. Scarabelli Veterans Affairs Healthcare System Ann Arbor 2215 Fuller Rd. Ann Arbor M148105 USA St. John Hospital and medical Center~Wayne State University 22101 Moross Rd. Detroit M148236 USA Zena and michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute Mount Sinai Medical Center One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1030 New York NY 10029-6574 USA

心失败(HF ) ，复杂临床的症候群由于结构或心的机能紊乱，是一个主要全球健康问题，与在 USA 的超过 580 万的流行独自，并且过去 2300 万世界范围。作为在 65 岁以上的病人之中的住院的一个领先的原因， HF 是保健资源的一个主要消费... 详细信息

心失败(HF ) ，复杂临床的症候群由于结构或心的机能紊乱，是一个主要全球健康问题，与在 USA 的超过 580 万的流行独自，并且过去 2300 万世界范围。作为在 65 岁以上的病人之中的住院的一个领先的原因， HF 是保健资源的一个主要消费者，创造保健系统上的实质的紧张。这份报纸在结束阶段 HF 照顾讨论 HF，金融影响，和 multifaceted 困境的传染病学。搜索用象结束阶段心失败那样的关键词在药网站(*** ) 的美国国家图书馆上被进行，辩解的照顾，道德的窘境。尽管有 HF 的差的预后(比那更坏为许多癌症) ，许多 HF 病人， caregivers，和临床医生不知道差的预后。另外， HF 的无法预言的临床的轨道复杂化计划 end-of-life 照顾，例如辩解的照顾和供旅客休息的招待所，导致如此的资源的 underutilization。在结论，在结束阶段 HF 的道德的窘境是众多的，使不仅病人，而且 caregiver 卷入，保健队，和社会。

关键词：心脏末期衰竭医疗保健系统图书馆网站护理人员资源利用功能障碍

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黄山短尾猴的冬季产仔

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兽类学报 2004年第1期24卷 19-22页

作者：尹华宝李进华周立志葛继志 Consuel Ionica carol m. berman 安徽大学生命科学学院合肥230039 Department of Anthropology

动物的繁殖时间是动物在长期进化过程中对其栖息环境适应的结果。黄山的短尾猴属于季节性繁殖的动物,其产仔期一般在1～5月。但在2001年,记录了一例短尾猴在冬季产仔,产仔日期为11月29日。为分析其原因,依据1988～2001年连续14年的产仔... 详细信息

动物的繁殖时间是动物在长期进化过程中对其栖息环境适应的结果。黄山的短尾猴属于季节性繁殖的动物,其产仔期一般在1～5月。但在2001年,记录了一例短尾猴在冬季产仔,产仔日期为11月29日。为分析其原因,依据1988～2001年连续14年的产仔数据及当地连续14年的气象资料(年平均气温、降水量及日照长度),统计学检验结果表明,黄山短尾猴产仔时间的推移与栖息地年平均气温显著相关(P0 05)。

关键词：短尾猴季节性繁殖产仔气候

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Epidemiology of ocular surface squamous neoplasia in veterans: a retrospective casecontrol study

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Eye and Vision 2019年第1期6卷 99-104页

作者： Logan m.Smith Shiv Lamba carol L.Karp Anat Galor miami Veterans Administration medical Center 1201 NW 16th StMiamiFL 33125USA Bascom Palmer Eye Institute Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Miami900 NW 17th StreetMiamiFL 33136USA Flint Hill School OaktonVirginiaUSA

Background:A number of risk factors have been evaluated in ocular surface squamous neoplasia,but few studies have assessed risk factors specific to the armed forces veteran ***:We conducted a retrospective case-control study on 55 patients and 55 age-matched controls with biopsy-proven ocular surface squamous neoplasia from the miami Veterans Administration Hospital Eye Clinic to investigate potential risk factors encountered by veterans,including service-specific ***-specific risk factors included ionizing radiation exposure,Agent Orange exposure,deployment to Southwest Asia,and exposure to the series of biochemical warfare tests known as Project Shipboard Hazard and *** was analyzed with SPSS(SPSS Inc.,Chicago,IL)using t-tests,chi-squared,and logistic regression analysis,with a p-value ofmous neoplasia was lifetime sun exposure both directly assessed via historical quantification of exposure by dermatology practitioners(Odds Ratio(OR)5.4,95%Confidence Interval(CI)2.27–12.847,pmarkers of basal cell carcinoma(OR 3.157,95%CI 1.286–7.748,p=0.010)and pingueculae(OR 5.267,95%CI 2.104–13.186,pment were not associated with an increased risk of ocular surface squamous *** to ionizing radiation and involvement in Project Shipboard Hazard and Defense were not documented among any cases or ***:The results of our study are consistent with prior established risk factors,namely highlighting the important role of sun exposure in ocular surface squamous neoplasia among veterans.

关键词： Ocular surface squamous neoplasia Risk factors Veteran population

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Feasibility study of phase-sensitive imaging based on multiple reference optical coherence tomography

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Chinese Optics Letters 2017年第9期15卷 25-30页

作者： Roshan Dsouza Hrebesh Subhash Kai Neuhaus Paul m.mcNamara Josh Hogan carol Wilson martin J.Leahy Tissue Optics and microcirculation Imaging Group School of PhysicsNational University of IrelandGalway H91 CF50Ireland Compact Imaging Ireland Ltd. Galway H91 CF50Ireland Colgate-Palmolive Global Technology Centre Piscataway NJ 08855USA Compact Imaging Inc.Mountain View 94043USA Royal College of Surgeons(RCSI) DublinIreland

multiple reference optical coherence tomography（mR-OCT） is a recently developed, low-cost and compact time-domain OCT solution for primary care and consumer level applications. A combination of a voice coil actuator and a partial mirror（Pm） extends the scan range for imaging depths of approximately 1 mm in biological samples. Our previous research on mR-OCT is based only on intensity information obtained from the depth-resolved interference signal. In this Letter, we extract the phase information from the mR-OCT signal and, hence, provide an additional contrast modality. The phase sensitivity of the system is measured to be approximately 0.2 and 1.5 rad for the first and twelfth orders of reflection when using a mirror as the *** Letter describes first results of phase-sensitive data measured on a phantom obtained with mR-OCT. Data from a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane（CAm） is used to demonstrate the feasibility of mR-OCT for in vivo phase-sensitive imaging.

关键词： Feasibility study of phase-sensitive imaging based on multiple reference optical coherence tomography VCm Figure CAm

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Ecological role of physical dormancy in seeds of Oxytropis racemosa in a semiarid sandland with unpredictable rainfall

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第4期11卷 542-552页

作者： Dandan Hu Jerry m.Baskin carol C.Baskin Xuejun Yang Zhenying Huang State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesNo.20 NanxincunXiangshanHaidian DistrictBeijing 100093P.R.China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19(A)Yuquan RoadShijingshan DistrictBeijing 100039P.R.China Department of Biology University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40506USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40546USA

Aims Seed dormancy and the soil seed bank are crucial to plant regeneration strategy,especially in semiarid ecosystems with unpredictable *** aim of this study was to investigate how seed dormancy is controlled by environmental factors and how it is correlated with the soil seed bank and regeneration of the perennial legume Oxytropis race-mosa,a dominant perennial herb in mu Us Sandland of semiarid *** Germination and imbibition experiments on fresh intact and scarified seeds of *** were used to identify physical dormancy(PY)in seeds of this *** seed bank dynamics,timing of seedling emer-gence and the fate of buried seeds in the natural habitat were *** Findings PY was broken by mechanical scarification or wet heat/ice water cycles but not solely by dry heat or wet heat *** soil seed bank exhibited seasonal changes in the number of seeds,which was highest in September and lowest in *** buried at different sand depths gradually lost dormancy;20-42%of the seeds remained dormant after 20 months of *** break occurs grad-ually throughout the *** results indicate that *** exhibits hardcoatedness heterogeneity that spreads germination of a seed cohort between seasons and years in the semiarid environ-ment,where the amount of precipitation during the growing season is highly variable.

关键词： Oxytropis racemosa physical dormancy seedling emergence soil moisture soil seed bank soil temperature unpredictable rainfall

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Overview of key operation factors and strategies for improving fermentative volatile fatty acid production and product regulation from sewage sludge

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第1期32卷 93-111页

作者： Wei Fang Xuedong Zhang Panyue Zhang Jijun Wan Hongxiao Guo Dara S.m.Ghasimi Xavier carol morera Tao Zhang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Department of Water management Section Sanitary EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyPO Box 50482600 GA Delftthe Netherlands Department of Civil Engineering University of Kurdistan HewlerErbilKurdistan RegionIraq Institut Quimic de Sarria Uniuersitat Ramon LlullVia Augusta 390E-08017 BarcelonaSpain Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource Environment and EcologyMOEXi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi'an 710055China

In recent years,volatile fatty acid(VFA)production through anaerobic fermentation of sewage sludge,instead of methane production,has been regarded as a high-value and promising roadmap for sludge stabilization and resource *** review first presents the effects of some essential factors that influence VFA production and *** the second part,we present an extensive analysis of conventional pretreatment and co-fermentation strategies ultimately addressed to improving VFA production and ***,the effectiveness of these approaches is summarized in terms of sludge degradation,hydrolysis rate,and VFA production and *** to published studies,it is concluded that some pretreatments such as alkaline and thermal pretreatment are the most effective ways to enhance VFA production from sewage *** possible reasons for the improvement of VFA production by different methods are also ***,this review also highlights several current technical challenges and opportunities in VFA production with spectrum control,and further related research is proposed.

关键词： Sewage sludge Anaerobic digestion VFA production Pretreatment Co-fermentation

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