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International Trade Norms in the Age of Covid-19 Nationalism on the Rise?

Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2021年第1期14卷 41-66页

作者： Nicolas Albertoni carol Wise Department of Political Science&International Relations University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUSA

Simultaneous with the rise of trade protectionism in the twenty-first century has been a resurgence in nationalist politics,most notably in the USA,the UK,and parts of the *** developments in international and US trade policy,including Washington’s launch of a full-fledged trade war against China in March 2018,have converged disastrously with the outbreak of the novel coronavirus in November 2019 and the onset of a worldwide *** the status of the USA as the world’s hegemon since 1945,what is new here is the effort of the Trump administration to abdicate US leadership,-jettison longstanding alliances,and turn back the clock on the country’s close integration with the world ***,greatly reduced flows of goods,services,and people have translated into radically reduced global growth,widespread business disruptions,and high ***,the White House has refused to recognize the severity of the pandemic and has undermined the precautions of the US science *** argue that these multiple shocks constitute a major critical juncture on par with what the world community faced in ***,in the twenty-first century we have seen that high levels of economic uncertainty and political instability have superseded the long-held notion that international interdependence would pull the world community through tough times such as *** the triple whammy of a destructive trade war,deadly pandemic,and secular decfine of US leadership trigger a new generation of policy innovation and institution building on par with the post-1945 era?In terms of the global trade regime,it would be difficult to imagine a buoyant recovery of the world economy in the absence of a serious reckoning with the pattern of norm erosion that we identify here.

关键词： China USA World Trade Organization Non-tariff barriers Novel corona virus Nationalism globalization

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Lymphocytic esophagitis: Still an enigma a decade later

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2017年第6期23卷 949-956页

作者： carol Rouphael Ilyssa O gordon Prashanthi N Thota Department of general Internal Medicine Cleveland Clinic Foundation Department of Pathology Cleveland Clinic Foundation Department of gastroenterology and Hepatology Digestive Disease and Surgery InstituteCleveland Clinic Foundation

Lymphocytic esophagitis (LE) is a clinicopathologic entity first described by Rubio et al in 2006. It is defined as peripapillary intraepithelial lymphocytosis with spongiosis and few or no granulocytes on esophageal biopsy. This definition is not widely accepted and the number of lymphocytes needed to make the diagnosis varied in different studies. Multiple studies have described potential clinical associations and risk factors for LE, such as old age, female gender and smoking history. This entity was reported in inflammatory bowel disease in the pediatric population but not in adults. Other associations include gastroesophageal reflux disease and primary esophageal motility disorders. The most common symptom is dysphagia, with a normal appearing esophagus on endoscopy, though esophageal rings, webs, nodularities, furrows and strictures have been described. Multiple treatment modalities have been used such as proton pump inhibitors and topical steroids. Esophageal dilation seems to be therapeutic when dysphagia is present along with esophageal narrowing secondary to webs, rings or strictures. The natural history of the disease remains unclear and needs to be better delineated. Overall, lymphocytic esophagitis seems to have a chronic and benign course, except for two cases of esophageal perforation in the literature, thought to be secondary to this entity.

关键词：淋巴球的食道炎 intraepithelial 淋巴细胞 spongiosis gastroesophageal 倒流疾病 CD4 T 房间咽下困难煽动性的肠疾病食道的戒指质子泵禁止者食道的膨胀

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gesture recognition for transhumeral prosthesis control using EMg and NIR

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IET Cyber-Systems and Robotics 2020年第3期2卷 122-131页

作者： Ejay Nsugbe carol Phillips Mike Fraser Jess McIntosh University of Bristol Queen's BuildingUniversity WalkBristol BS81TRUK Department of Radiology University Hospitals BristolNHS Foundation TrustBristolUK

A key challenge associated with myoelectric prosthesis limbs is the acquisition of a good quality gesture intent signal from the residual anatomy of an *** this study,the authors aim to overcome this limitation by observing the classification accuracy of the fusion of wearable electromyography(EMg)and near-infrared(NIR)to classify eight hand gesture motions across 12 able-bodied *** part of the study,they investigate the classification accuracy across a multi-layer perceptron neural network,linear discriminant analysis and quadratic discriminant analysis for different sensing configurations,***-only,NIR-only and EMg-NIR.A separate offline ultrasound scan was conducted as part of the study and served as a ground truth and contrastive basis for the results picked up from the wearable sensors,and allowed for a closer study of the anatomy along the humerus during gesture *** and findings from the work suggest that it could be possible to further develop transhumeral prosthesis using affordable,ergonomic and wearable EMg and NIR sensing,without the need for invasive neuromuscular sensors or further hardware complexity.

关键词： anatomy prosthesis EMg

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Effects of water stress and NaCl stress on different life cycle stages of the cold desert annual Lachnoloma lehmannii in China

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第5期11卷 774-784页

作者： Jannathan MAMUT TAN Dunyan carol C BASKIN Jerry M BASKIN Xinjiang Key Laboratory of grassland Resources and Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Western Arid Region Grassland Resources and EcologyCollege of Grassland and Environment SciencesXinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi 830052China College of Biology and Environmental Sciences Jishou UniversityJishou 416000China Department of Biology University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40506USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40546USA

For a plant species to complete its life cycle in arid and saline environments,each stage of the life cycle must be tolerant to the harsh environmental *** aim of the study was to determine the effects of water stress(water potentials of–0.05,–0.16,–0.33,–0.56,–0.85 and–1.21 MPa)and NaCl stress(50,100,200,300,400,500 and 600 mmol/L NaCl)on seed germination percentage,seedling survival and growth,juvenile growth and plant reproduction of Lachnoloma lehmannii Bunge(Brassicaceae),an cold desert annual that grows in the Junggar Basin of Xinjiang,China in *** indicated that low water stress(–0.05 and–0.16 MPa)had no significant effect on seed germination *** a decrease in water potential,germination percentage decreased,and no seeds germinated at–0.85 and–1.21 MPa water *** percentage of seeds was significantly affected by NaCl stress,and higher germination percentages were observed under non-saline than saline *** increase in NaCl concentrations progressively inhibited seed germination percentage,and no seeds germinated at ≥400 mmol/L NaCl ***-germinated seeds were transferred from both PEg(polyethylene glycol-6000)and NaCl solutions to distilled water for seed germination *** number of surviving seedlings and their heights and root lengths significantly decreased as NaCl stress *** 30% of the plants survived and produced fruits/seeds at 200 mmol/L NaCl ***,seed germination,seedling establishment and reproductive stage in the life cycle of *** are water-and salt-tolerant,with seedlings being the least *** tolerances help explain why this species can survive and produce seeds in arid and saline habitats.

关键词： drought stress Lachnoloma lehmannii salinity tolerance seed germination seedling growth

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Fundamentals of nursing

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2005年

作者： Taylor, carol

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Essentials of pathophysiology : concepts of altered health states / carol Mattson Porth ; consultants, Kathryn J. gaspard, Kim A. Noble.

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2011年

作者： carol Mattson Porth consultants Kathryn J. gaspard Kim A. Noble.

Abridgement of: Pathophysiology / carol Mattson Porth. 8th ed. ***, 1256 p. : col. ill. ; 28 cm. + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.).

ISBN: (纸本)9781582557243

Abridgement of: Pathophysiology / carol Mattson Porth. 8th ed. ***, 1256 p. : col. ill. ; 28 cm. + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.).

关键词： Physiology Pathological. Nursing.

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Effect of acupressure on postpartum low back pain, salivary cortisol, physical limitations, and depression: a randomized controlled pilot study

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2020年第1期40卷 128-136页

作者： Cheng Hsuesh-Yu carol Shieh Wu Bei-Yu Cheng Yu-Fen Department of Nursing Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiung 80830Taiwan China Department of Community and Health Systems Indiana University School of NursingIndiana 600USA Department of Chinese Medicine Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiung 80830Taiwan China

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of acupressure on postpartum low back pain(LBP),salivary cortisol,physical limitations,and postpartum ***:Participants were 70 postpartum women who were randomly assigned to either an intervention(n=35)or a control(n=35)*** intervention group received 10 acupressure sessions(1 session per day,5 d per week).The control group received 10 sham acupressure *** were assessed using a visual analogue scale(LBP intensity),salivary cortisol values(LBP biomarker),and Chinese versions of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire(daily activity limitations),Oswes-try Disability Index(physical activity limitations),and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(postpartum depression).RESULTS:Participants in the intervention group had significantly lower levels of LBP intensity,daily activity limitations,physical activity limitations,and postpartum depression than those in the control *** was no significant between-group difference in salivary ***:Acupressure may reduce postpartum LBP intensity and limitations in daily and physical activity,and alleviate postpartum depressive *** should be offered in postpartum care settings as an alternative treatment for postpartum women with LBP.

关键词： Acupressure Low back pain Postpartum period Depression Randomized controlled trial Pilot projects

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Advances in Understanding Seed Dormancy at the Whole-seed Level: An Ecological, Biogeographical and Phylogenetic Perspective

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云南植物研究 2008年第3期30卷 279-294页

作者： BASKIN carol C BASKIN Jerry M Department of Biology University of Kentucky Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40546 USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Kentucky

Following a brief account of the early foundations of seed germination ecology sensu lato, some historical and recent developments pertaining to the ecology, biogeography and phylogeny of seed dormancy are discussed.

关键词：种子休眠系统发育生物状态植物学

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Bile acids as endogenous etiologic agents in gastrointestinal cancer

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2009年第27期15卷 3329-3340页

作者： Harris Bernstein carol Bernstein Claire M Payne Katerina Dvorak Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy College of Medicine and Arizona Cancer Center University of ArizonaTucson Arizona 85724 United States Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy College of Medicine University of ArizonaTucson Arizona 85724 United States Hematology/Oncology Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Health Care System Tucson Arizona 85723 United States

Bile acids are implicated as etiologic agents in cancer of the gastrointestinal (gI) tract, including cancer of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, biliary tract, pancreas and colon/rectum. Deleterious effects of bile acid exposure, likely related to carcinogenesis, include: induction of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species; induction of DNA damage; stimulation of mutation; induction of apoptosis in the short term, and selection for apoptosis resistance in the long term. These deleterious effects have, so far, been reported most consistently in relation to esophageal and colorectal cancer, but also to some extent in relation to cancer of other organs. In addition, evidence is reviewed for an association of increased bile acid exposure with cancer risk in human populations, in specific human genetic conditions, and in animal experiments. A model for the role of bile acids in gI carcinogenesis is presented from a Darwinian perspective that offers an explanation for how the observed effects of bile acids on cells contribute to cancer development.

关键词：胆汁酸消化道肿瘤病原体内源性细胞凋亡人类基因 DNA损伤胃肠道

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Bacterial symbiosis in Bactrocera oleae,an Achilles’heel for its pest control

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Insect Science 2021年第4期28卷 874-884页

作者： gaia Bigiotti Patrizia Sacchetti Roberta Pastorelli carol R.Lauzon Antonio Belcari Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironment and Forestry(DAGRI)University of FlorenceItaly Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment Consiglio perlaricerca in agricoltura e I'analisi dell'economia agraria(CREA-AA)FlorenceItaly Department of Biological Sciences California State UniversityHaywardUSA

Investigations on microbial symbioses in Tephritidae have increased over the past 30 years owing to the potential use of these relationships in developing new control strategies for economically important fruit *** oleae(Rossi)—the olive fruit fly—is a monophagous species strictly associated with the olive tree,and among all the tephritids,its symbionts are the most *** bacterium Candidatus Erwinia dacicola is the major persistent resident endosymbiont in wild *** *** relationship with *** has been investigated since being identified in *** endosymbiont is vertically transmitted through generations from the female to the *** exists at every developmental stage,although it is more abundant in larvae and ovipositing females,and is necessary for both larvae and *** ***–***,or other ***–microbe interactions,will allow us to develop modern biological control systems for area-wide olive protection and set an example for similar programs in other important food *** review summarizes the information available on tephritid–microbe interactions and investigates relationships among fruit flies,bacteria and host plants;however,its focus is on *** and its strict association with *** to promote environmentally friendly control strategies for area-wide pest management.

关键词： bacterial symbiosis esophageal bulb IPM olive fly Tephritid

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