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Biodrying under Greenhouse Conditions as Pretreatment for Horticultural Waste

Journal of Environmental Protection（环境保护） 2012年第4期

作者： Fabián robles-Martínez Elizabeth M. Silva-r.dr.guez Teodoro Espinosa-Solares Belem Pi？a-Guzmán carmen Calixto-Mosqueda Francisco J. Colomer-Mendoza Enrique Durán-Páramo

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Influence on Time to Cryopreservation in Umbilical Cord Blood Units

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine（临床医学国际期刊） 2011年第4期

作者： Isidro Prat-Arrojo Laura Ponce-Verdugo María del carmen Hernández-Lamas rebeca r.dr.guez-Pena Cristina Antúnez Francisco Sánchez-Gordo Gracia García-Gemar Pilar Gómez-Maldonado

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Multinational Measles Outbreak in Post-Elimination Era,Involves Three Countries of North America and a European Country in a Short Transmission Chain

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World Journal of Vaccines 2015年第2期5卷 79-87页

作者： Cuitláhuac ruiz-Matus Lorena Suárez-Idueta Ilse Herbas-rocha Jose Luis Diaz-Ortega Edith Cruz-ramírez Abraham ramírez-Jurado Irma Lopez-Martínez Jose Cruz r.dr.guez-Martínez Jose Alberto Díaz-Quinonez General Directorate of Epidemiology Ministry of HealthMexico CityMexico National Center for Health of Children and Adolescents Ministry of HealthMexico CityMexico National Institute of Public Health Mexico CityMexico Institute for Epidemiological Diagnosis and reference Ministry of Health MexicoMexico CityMexico State Health Services Quintana RooMexico

Background: Four measles cases in Canada and one in the United States are linked to international importation of measles in Playa del carmen, Quintana roo, Mexico. Objective: To describe characteristics of transmission and not spillover to local population in Mexico. Material and Methods: The outbreak investigation was based on active search of cases and in the rapid monitoring of vaccination coverage in children aged 1 - 7 years old. Laboratory confirmation by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and molecular detection by reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain reaction (rT-PCr) assay in throat swab and urine were done. results: One transmission chain with three generations of cases was identified. The primary case was a 9-year-old boy who was infected in Wales, UK. His sisters aged 7 and 15 years old respectively, were the first generation of cases in Mexico. The second generation was related to the imported cases, and affected two Canadian tourists and an American woman aged 39 years old. A third generation occurred in Canada and affected an infant of 15 months of age and his sister aged 4 years old. The genotype D8 which was circulating in UK was identified in these patients. One probable case was detected in Quintana roo, but was discarded by laboratory testing. The coverage with at least one dose of Measles-Mumps-rubella (MMr) vaccine ranged from 95% to 99.5%. Conclusion: International travelers with no history of vaccination are at risk of acquiring measles even in countries that have interrupted endemic transmission. The high immunization coverage of measles containing vaccine could explain the absence of cases in Mexican population. Highlights: Multinational measles outbreak in a country without endemic transmission. The findings exhibit the importance of immunization in international travelers in the post-elimination era.

关键词： Measles Multinational Outbreak Transmission in Post-Elimination Era Genotype D8

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