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Stable Methylammonium-Free p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells and Mini-Modules with Phenothiazine Dimers as Hole-Transporting Materials

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第6期6卷 383-392页

作者： Luigi Angelo Castriotta Rossella Infantino Luigi Vesce Maurizio Stefanelli Alessio Dessì carmen coppola Massimo Calamante Gianna Reginato Alessandro Mordini Adalgisa Sinicropi Aldo Di Carlo Lorenzo Zani Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy(C.H.O.S.E.) Department of Electronic EngineeringUniversity of Rome Tor Vergata00133 RomeItaly Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds(CNR-ICCOM) Via Madonna del Piano 1050019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of SienaVia Aldo Moro 253100 SienaItaly CSGI Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseVia della Lastruccia 350019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly Department of Chemistry“U.Schiff” University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 1350019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly Institute of Structure of Matter(CNR-ISM) Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 10000133 RomeItaly

During the last decade,perovskite solar technologies underwent an impressive development,with power conversion efficiencies reaching 25.5%for single-junction devices and 29.8%for Silicon-Perovskite tandem *** though research mainly focused on improving the efficiency of perovskite photovoltaics(PV),stability and scalability remain fundamental aspects of a mature photovoltaics *** n-i-p structure perovskite solar cells,using poly-triaryl(amine)(PTAA)as hole transport layer(HTL)allowed to achieve marked improvements in device stability compared with other common hole *** p-i-n structure,poly-triaryl(amine)is also routinely used as dopant-free hole transport layer,but problems in perovskite film growth,and its limited resistance to stress and imperfect batch-to-batch reproducibility,hamper its use for device *** previous computational investigations,in this work,we report the synthesis of two small-molecule organic hole transport layers(BPT-1,2),aiming to solve the above-mentioned issues and allow upscale to the module *** using BPT-1 and methylammonium-free perovskite,*** conversion efficiencies of 17.26%and 15.42%on a small area(0.09 cm^(2))and mini-module size(2.25 cm^(2)),respectively,were obtained,with a better reproducibility than with poly-triaryl(amine).Moreover,BPT-1 was demonstrated to yield more stable devices compared with poly-triaryl(amine)under ISOS-D1,T1,and L1 accelerated life-test protocols,reaching maximum T_(90)values>1000 h on all tests.

关键词： methylammonium-free perovskite mini-modules organic hole-transporting layers perovskite solar cells stability studies

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Prevention Strategies of Contrast Medium Induced Nephropathy (CIN): A Review of the Current Literature

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2016年第3期6卷 98-110页

作者： Marco Di Serafino Rosa Severino carmen Scavone Matilde Gioioso Valeria coppola Raffaela Brigida Francesco Lisanti Rosario Rocca Enrico Scarano Radiology Department San Carlo Hospital Potenza Italy Emergency Department San Carlo Hospital Potenza Italy

Contrast medium induced nephropathy is the third most common cause of renal failure for inpatients and represents the 10% of all acute kidney injury occurring during hospital-stay. It is associated with prolonged hospitalization, cost increase and, above all, an unfavourable short- and long-term prognosis. Here, the authors discuss about the contrast medium induced nephropathy prevention strategies, from the identification of patients at risk and drugs potentially nephrotoxic, to the hydration with possible administration of drugs that appeared to be, in some contexts, nephron-protective, and finally we analyze the radiological procedure aimed at the correct choice of type and administration modality of the contrast medium according to current literature.

关键词： Contrast Medium Acute Kidney Injury Hydration

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