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soil genetic erosion: New conceptual developments in soil security

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International soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第4期7卷 317-324页

作者： carmelo Dazzi Giuseppe Lo Papa University of Palermo Italy Department of Agricultural Food and Forest Sciences Viale delle Scienze 90128 PalermoItaly

In the last decades,in some Mediterranean areas,pedodiversity decreased mainly due to pedotechnique application in large-scale farming that transformed original soils into *** the consideration that soils can be considered as living systems,the original concept of'soil genetic erosion'is ***,extrapolated and modeled from a soil Information system in a study case representative of a Mediterranean landscape,predicted that most of the soil types would disappear in few years leading to a decrease of the soil diversity and originating soil genetic *** circumstance is intentionally here told in form of a story where the fairy tale characters are some roils facing extinction in the *** genetic erosion could result in a negative impact on the environment because it reduces the soil's security through a drastic reduction of the soil ecosystem services with a decrease of the immaterial benefit for the *** conviction that soils,as well as animals and plants,are living bodies,and pedodiversity is equally important as biodiversity in maintaining sustainability and ecosystem services,might truly attract the attention of the public ***,focussing more on the soil economic dimension and strengthening the assignation of'economic value'to the soil ecosystem services,also politicians and administrators could increase their interest in soil security.

关键词： soil genetic erosion Pedodiversity Anthropogenic soils soil ecosystem services soil security

A study of the hydrogen bonds effect on the water density and the liquid-liquid transition

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & As.ronomy) 2019年第10期62卷 24-32页

作者： Francesco Mallamace carmelo Cors.ro Enza Fazio sow-Hsin Chen Domenico Mallamace Department of Nuclear science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge MA 02139USA Center for Polymer studies and Department of Physics Boston UniversityBoston MA 02215USA Dipartimento di scienze Matematiche e Informatiche Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra(MIFT)Universita di MessinaMessina 98166Italy

We study the hydrogen bonds effect on the water density as a function of temperature and pressure from the supercritical region to the metastable supercooled and amorphous phases. We identify two important thermodynamic thresholds, that is P~*■2 kbar and T~*■315 K, that separate two different water behaviors in terms of hydrogen bonding capability. For T stability of hydrogen bonded local structures are enhanced. The additional analyses of the proton NMR chemical shift and of the relaxation time confirm this evidence and highlight the structure breaking effects of the pressure. The investigation of both structural and dynamical quantities allow us to draw a complete picture of the water properties in terms of the temperaturepressure dependence of hydrogen bonding.

关键词： water hydrogen bond density critical supercooled phase

NMR investigation of degradation processes of ancient and modern paper at different hydration levels

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Frontiers of physics 2018年第1期13卷 41-50页

作者： Domenico Mallamace sebastiano Vasi Mauro Missori Francesco Mallamace carmelo Cors.ro Consorzio interuniversitario per lo sviluppo dei sistemi a Grande Interfase - CsGI Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze Italy Dipartimento MIFT Sezione di Fisica Universita di Messina Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy Istituto dei sistemi Complessi Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Unit Sapienza Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy CNR-IPCF Messina Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37 98158 Messina Italy Center for Polymer studies and Department of Physics Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA

The degradation process of cellulose-made materials was investigated by means of nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） spectroscopy, with particular emphasis on the role of water and on the hydration mechanism of cellulose fibrils. To accomplish this, the structure and dynamics of water within ancient and modern samples with different aging histories were investigated. The results mainly indicated that hydrolytic and oxidative reactions provoked the formation of acidic by-products. Furthermore, degradation processes were enhanced by higher amounts of water giving a progressive consumption of the amorphous regions of the cellulose. We propose NMR experiments as a benchmark for character- ization of the degradation state of paper, as well as for investigating the effectiveness of restoration treatments.

关键词： ancient paper degradation NMR hydration solvent dynamics

Use of programmed cell death protein ligand 1 assay to predict the outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2017年第4期8卷 320-328页

作者： carmelo Tibaldi Alice Lunghi Editta Baldini Division of Oncology Department of OncologyS. Luca Hospital

The recent discovery of immune checkpoints inhibitors, especially anti-programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)and anti-programmed cell death protein ligand 1(PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies, has opened new scenarios in the management of non-small cell lung cancer(NsCLC) and this new class of drugs has achieved a rapid development in the treatment of this disease. However, considering the costs of these drugs and the fact that only a subset of patients experience long-term disease control, the identification of predictive biomarkers for the selection of candidates suitable for treatment has become a priority. The research focused mainly on the expression of the PD-L1 receptor on both tumor cells and/or immune infiltrates determined by immunohistochemistry(IHC). However, different checkpoint inhibitors were tested, different IHC assays were used, different targets were considered(tumor cells, immune infiltrates or both) and different expression thresholds were employed in clinical trials. In some trials the assay was used prospectively to select the patients, while in other trials it was evaluated retrospectively. some confusion emerges, which makes it difficult to easily compare the literature data and to translate them in practice management. This mini-review shows the possibilities and pitfalls of the PD-L1 expression to predict the activity and efficacy of anti PD1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of NsCLC.

关键词： Predictive biomarkers Immunotherapy Checkpoint inhibitors Programmed cell death protein ligand 1 Non-small cell lung cancer

Effects of L-carnitine in patients with hepatic encephalopathy

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World Journal of Gas.roenterology 2005年第45期11卷 7197-7202页

作者： Mariano Malaguarnera Giovanni Pistone Rampello Elvira carmelo Leotta Linda scarpello Rampello Liborio Department of senescence Department of Neurosciences

AIM： To evaluate the influence of Locarnitine on mental conditions and ammonia effects on patients with hepatic encephalopathy （HE）. METHODs： One hundred and fifty patients （10 patients with alcoholism, 41 patients with hepatitis virus B infection, 78 patients with hepatitis C virus infection, 21 patients with cryptogenetic cirrhosis） meeting the inclusion criteria were randomized into group A receiving a 90-d treatment with L-carnitine （2 g twice a day） or into group B receiving placebo in double blind. REsULTs： At the end of the study period, a significant decrease in NI-14 fasting serum levels was found in patients with hepatic encephalopathy （P〈0.0s） after the treatment with levocarnitine （LC）. significant differences were also found between symbol digit modalities test and block design in patients with hepatic encephalopathy （P〈0.0s）. CONCLUsION： Results of our study suggest an important protective effect of L-carnitine against ammonia-precipitated encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients.

关键词： Hepatic encephalopathy Carnitine Cirrhosis Ammonia Treatment

Habitat, occurrence and conservation status of the saharo-Macaronesian and southern-Mediterranean element Fagonia cretica L. (Zygophyllaceae) in Italy

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第1期10卷 140-151页

作者： giovanni spampinato carmelo m musarella ana cano-ortiz giuseppe signorino department of agriculture mediterranea university of reggio calabriaFeo di Vito89124 Reggio CalabriaItaly department of animal and plant biology and ecology section of botanyuniversity of jaéncampus universitario las lagunillas s/n23071 jaénSpain

Fagonia cretica L. is an important component of Mediterranean dry grasslands and a rare and isolated species of Italian flora. In this study, an assessment is presented on the distribution, habitat, and conservation status of F. cretica in Italy. The results of field investigation and herbarium analysis show that this species grows in a small area within the southern Calabria region characterized by a warmest and driest Mediterranean climate on the Italian peninsula. F. cretica is a semi-desert plant species growing in Italy in only one peripheral and isolated population at the northern limit of its distribution. Plant community analysis, using the phytosociological method, shows that F. cretica grows in wintergreen perennial dry grasslands dominated by Lygeum {partum and Hyparrhenia hirta. F. crelica plant communities are located in thermo-xeric habits such as south-, southeast- and east-facing slopes on clays and sandy clays in southern Calabria. The population of F. cretica is fragmented in six neighbouring localities, with two of which belonging to a site of Community Importance （sC1）. The conservation status of F. cretica population is not very good, and is defined as ＂Critically Endangered＂ in accordance with IUCN criteria. There are many threats affecting the F. crelica population in ltaly, primarily the changes in land uses due to urban expansion and reforestation with exotic plants. The southern end of the Italian peninsula hosts other plants from thermo-xeric habits that do not adapt to the current local climate. This territory can be considered as a microrefugia for plants currently distributed in the arid territory of the southern Mediterranean. These results contribute to the discussion of some conservation measures, and the possibility of establishing a micro-reserve. For all these reasons, we propose to include F. cretica in the lists of protected plant species at regional （Calabria） and country （Italy） scales in Italy.

关键词： biodiversity ecology peripheral isolated populations phytosociology microrefugia southern Italy

Exotic break-up modes in heavy ion reactions up to Fermi energies

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Nuclear science and Techniques 2015年第2期26卷 124-130页

作者： Maria Colonna Virgil Baran stefano Burrello Mariangela Di Prima Paolo Napolitani carmelo Rizzo INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del sud Via S Sofia 62Catania I-95123Italy NIPNE-HH Bucharest UniversityBucharest 077125Romania IPN CNRS/IN2P3Universite' Paris-Sud 11Orsay cedex 91406France

We discussed recent studies, within the framework of transport theories, on heavy ion reactions between charge asymmetric systems, from low up to Fermi energies. We concentrated on the analysis of ternary breakup events of dynamical origin occurring in semi-central reactions, where the formation of excited systems in various conditions of shape, excitation energy and spin is observed. At beam energies around 20 A Me V, we showed how this fragmentation mode emerges from the combined action of surface(neck) instabilities and angular momentum effects, leading to the observation of three aligned massive fragments in the exit channel. At Fermi energies, a transition towards a prompt emission of small fragments from the neck region with larger relative velocity with respect to projectile and target remnants is observed. We also focus on isospin sensitive observables, aiming at extracting information on the density dependence of the isovector part of the nuclear effective interaction and of the nuclear symmetry energy.

关键词：重离子反应费米能量不对称系统情调有效相互作用激发系统不稳定性分散模式

Designs andmethodologies to recreate in vitro human gutmicrobiota models

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2023年第3期6卷 298-318页

作者： Francesco Biagini Costanza Daddi Marco Calvigioni carmelo De Maria Yu shrike Zhang Emilia Ghelardi Giovanni Vozzi Research Center(E.Piaggio) University of PisaPisaItaly Department of Information Engineering University of PisaPisaItaly Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and surgery University of PisaPisaItaly Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMAUSA

The human gut microbiota is widely considered to be a metabolic organ hidden within our bodies,playing a crucial role in the host’s *** factors affect its composition,so a wide variety of microbes residing in the gut are present in the world *** excessive imbalances in microbial composition are often associated with human disorders and pathologies,and new investigative strategies to gain insight into these pathologies and define pharmaceutical therapies for their treatment are *** vitro models of the human gut microbiota are commonly used to study microbial fermentation patterns,community composition,and host-microbe *** and microfluidic devices have been designed to culture microorganisms from the human gut microbiota in a dynamic environment in the presence or absence of eukaryotic cells to interact *** this review,we will describe the overall elements required to create a functioning,reproducible,and accurate in vitro culture of the human gut *** addition,we will analyze some of the devices currently used to study fermentation processes and relationships between the human gut microbiota and host eukaryotic cells.

关键词： Gut microbiota In vitro models Bioreactors Host-microbiome Fermentation

The“genetic erosion”of the soil ecosystem

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International soil and Water Conservation Research 2013年第1期1卷 11-18页

作者： Giuseppe Lo Papa Vanessa Palermo carmelo Dazzi Dipartimento di scienze Agrarie e Forestali University of PalermoItaly

This paper takes into consideration the influence of human activities on the loss of pedodiversity in a Mediterranean area due to large scale *** particular it examines the quantitative and qualitative soil changes in a period of 53 years(from 1955 to 2008)evaluating the loss of soil diversity at soil subgroups level of the UsDA soil Taxonomy *** following indices were used:richness;shannon’s diversity index;simpson diversity index;shannon’s evenness index;simpson’s evenness *** this case study,considering what we observed in time,the human intervention in soil transformation could increase the diversity in the landscape in an initial phase,but forwarding by large scale farming the result is a huge loss of pedodiversity in time,as diversity indices remarkably have *** analysis enabled identification of disappeared soil types,with their unique history of *** our opinion this s.rongly reflects a sort of“genetic erosion”of the soil types,resulting in a substantial weakening of the whole pedo-ecosystem.

关键词： Pedodiversity Anthropogenic soil soil genetic erosion