检索结果-南通市图书馆

Sustainable plasticulture in Chinese agriculture: a review of challenges and routes to achieving long-term food and ecosecurity

引用

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 155-168页

作者： Samuel j.CUSWORTH William j.DAVIES Martin R.MCAINSH carly j.stevens Weilu WANG Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK The Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Plastic pollution is global concern, affecting most aspects of global food production systems. Plasticulture, a practice used in agriculture to improve crop quality and quantity, among other factors, is a significant source of plastic pollution. This review examines the extent of plasticulture in China, the implications of the practice across decades of use and the legislative instruments used to resolve those issues. It briefly assesses the effectiveness of these policies and proposes possible future innovations to promote increases in long-term food and eco-security, where sustainable plasticulture is a key agent for change. While plasticulture has increased agricultural productivity in growth-limiting conditions, plastic pollution in agricultural soils has become acute in China. Consequently, plastic pollution is having deleterious effects on soil health and in turn, crop productivity in China. Plastic pollution in agriculture is a multifaceted issue and so proposed solutions should be informed by this complexity. Current measures do not reflect a holistic approach to solving this socioecological challenge and adopt a top-down approach, with little or no supportive mechanisms. Future recommendations need to consider the particular set of conditions that influence the production, use and end-of-life management of agriplastics,specific to the environmental, economic and social conditions in each location.

关键词： Circular plastics economy crop production food security plastic pollution sustainable plasticulture

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON THE IMPACT OF NITROGEN DEPOSITION ON GLOBAL GRASSLANDS

引用

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第3期9卷 425-444页

作者： carly j.stevens Sofía BASTO Michael DBELL Tianxiang HAO Kevin KIRKMAN Raul OCHOA-HUESO Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK Unidad de Ecologia y Sistematica Departamento de BiologiaFacultad de CienciasPontificia Universidad JaverianaCarrera 7 No.43-82 Ed.Jesus Emilio Ramirez(53)BogotaColombia National Park Service Air Resources DivisionLakewoodCO 80235USA Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and RemediationChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban4041South Africa Departamento de Biologia-IVAGRO Universidad de CadizCampus Rio San Pedro11510 Puerto RealSpain Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology(NIOO-KNAW)P.O.Box 506700 ABWageningenthe Netherlands

Grasslands are globally-important ecosystems providing critical ecosystem services.The species composition and characteristics of grasslands vary considerably across the planet with a wide variety of different grasslands found.However,in many regions grasslands have been impacted by atmospheric nitrogen deposition originating from anthropogenic activities with effects on productivity,species composition and diversity widely reported.Impacts vary across grassland habitats but many show declines in species richness and increases in biomass production related to soil eutrophication and acidification.At a continental level,there is considerable variation in the research effort that has been put into understanding the impacts of nitrogen deposition.In Europe,North America and parts of Asia,although there are unanswered research questions,there is a good understanding of N deposition impacts in most grassland habitats.This is not the case in other regions with large knowledge gaps in some parts of the world.This paper reviews the impacts of N deposition on grasslands around the world,highlighting recent advances and areas where research is still needed.

关键词： acidification biomass production critical load eutrophication species composition species richness

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Effect of nitrogen addition, form and clipping on competitive interactions between grassland species

引用

journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第3期7卷 222-230页

作者： carly j.stevens David j.G.Gowing Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK Department of Earth Environment and EcosystemsThe Open UniversityWalton HallMilton KeynesMK76AAUK

Aims Although the effects of N addition on plant biomass are well understood,we know a lot less about the importance of N form even though some studies have shown different impacts from reduced and oxidized forms of N.Furthermore,responses to grazing are likely to interact with the response to N addition.This experiment investigates the interactive effects of N addition and form with clipping on competition between three grassland species.Methods The three species(Anthoxanthum odoratum L.,Plantago lanceolata L.and Prunella vulgaris L.)were grown alone and in combination with factorial additions of deionized water,sodium nitrate and ammonium chloride,and a clipping treatment.Above-and belowground biomass was harvested after 4 months.Important Findings In monocultures,the results show increases in biomass with N addition,but clipping resulted in fewer changes with species displaying varying degrees of growth compensation.A.odoratum was the strongest competitor when grown with other species.In monocultures without clipping,N form was not important,but in the presence of clipping and in different species combinations,N form became important.Significant two-and three-way interactive effects were observed showing that complex interactions exist between N addition,clipping and species identity.The results have important implications when considering the effects of N deposition.

关键词： aboveground biomass ammonium grazing nitrate root biomass

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Effects of the frequency and the rate of N enrichment on community structure in a temperate grassland

引用

journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第5期11卷 685-695页

作者： Yunhai Zhang jing Wang carly j.stevens Xiaotao Lü Nianpeng He Changhui Wang Xingguo Han State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesNo.20 NanxincunXiangshanBeijing 100093China Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YQUK Department of Agroecology Aarhus UniversityBlichers Allé20Tjele 8830Denmark University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19 Yuquan RoadShijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and ManagementInstitute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesNo.72 Wenhua RoadShenhe DistrictShenyang 110016China Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences11ADatun RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100101China

Aims Nitrogen(N)enrichment caused by human activities threatens bio-diversity and alters plant community composition and structure.It has been found that heavy and infrequent N inputs may over-estimate species extinction,but it remains unclear whether plant community structure will equally respond to frequent reactive N enriched conditions.Methods We independently manipulated the rates and the frequencies of N addition in a temperate steppe,northern China,between 2008 and 2013.Important Findings We found that plant community structure changes,measured by‘Euclidean distance’involving species richness,composition and productivity,were significantly positively related to increasing N enrichment rates rather than frequencies.Changes in aboveground net primary productivity(ANPP),plant species richness and shifts in dominant species were observed.Community ANPP increased with N enrichment,whereas species richness reduced.The frequency of N enrichment increased species richness but had no impacts on community ANPP and the relative ANPP of the two dominant spe-cies,C3 perennial bunchgrass Stipa grandis and C3 perennial rhi-zome grass Leymus chinensis.The ANPP and relative ANPP of the two dominant species were significantly negatively correlated with each other.Moreover,changes in the relative ANPP of S.grandis was negatively associated with the changes in community structure.After 5 years’treatment,direct influence of the frequency of N en-richment on plant community structure was not observed,but the effects of the rate of N enrichment were apparent.Our results sug-gested that further study in various ecosystems and with long-term and well-controlled comparisons the frequency vs.the rate of N enrichment may still be needed.

关键词： biodiversity dominance effect nitrogen addition frequency nitrogen deposition productivity

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Nitrogen deposition and reduction of terrestrial biodiversity:Evidence from temperate grasslands

引用

Science China(Life Sciences) 2005年第Z2期48卷 720-728页

作者： Nancy B.Dise carly j.stevens Department of Earth Sciences Open University Milton KeynesMK7 6AAUK Department of Biology Villanova UniversityVillanovaPA 19085USA Department of Agricultural Science Imperial College at WyeWyeAshfordTN25 4NJUK

Biodiversity is thought to be essential for ecosystem stability, function and long-term sustainability. Since nitrogen is the limiting nutrient for plant growth in many terrestrial ecosystems, reactive nitrogen has the potential to reduce the diversity of terrestrial vegetation and associated biota through favouring species adapted to quickly exploiting available nutrients. Although the potential has long been recognised, only recently has enough evidence come together to show beyond reasonable doubt that these changes are already occurring. Linked together, experimental, regional/e.rnpirical, and time-series research provide a powerful argument that enhanced deposition of reactive nitrogen across Great Britain, and potentially the rest of Europe, has resulted in a significant and ongoing decline in grassland species richness and diversity.

关键词： nitrogen deposition, terrestrial biodiversity, temperate grasslands.

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Past Century Fossil Fuel Burning Recorded by Tree-Ring δ13C and δ34S from Chaling,South China

引用

吉林大学学报(地球科学版) 2015年第S1期 371-372页

作者： Luhua Xie Peter M.Wynn carly j.stevens Baruch.Spiro Gangjian Wei Gan Zhang State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Lancaster Environment Centre University of Lancaster Natural History Museum London UK State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

工业革命以来由人类活动带来的大量化石燃料燃烧导致严重的环境污染,并引起气候变化。我国自1970年代开始大量排放人类活动产生的CO2和SO2,而且现在我国已经成为世界最大的CO2和SO2排放国。树轮碳-硫同位素及硫含量能很好地记录长时间... 详细信息

工业革命以来由人类活动带来的大量化石燃料燃烧导致严重的环境污染,并引起气候变化。我国自1970年代开始大量排放人类活动产生的CO2和SO2,而且现在我国已经成为世界最大的CO2和SO2排放国。树轮碳-硫同位素及硫含量能很好地记录长时间尺度的气候变化,水利用效率,及化石燃料燃烧。本摘要报道了来自南方森林115年全树树轮碳-硫同位素及硫含量,目的在于记录人类活动产生的CO2和SO2历排放历史,及试图探讨人类活动产生的CO2和SO2对树碳同位素及水利用效率的影响。结果显示树轮碳同位素自1940年代后期至2000年代后期持续下降,是由持续增加的化石燃料产生的CO2导致的;大气CO2校正后的树轮碳同位素反映了全年降雨量。此外,树轮细胞内CO2浓度及水利用效率自1940年代后期持续升高,其原因是大气CO2浓度增加。另一方面,树轮硫含量没有明显的变化,表明硫是树的基本元素,而硫同位素自1890年代后期以来持续下降,记录了化石燃料(北方煤)使用历史。与之前发表的数据,显示最近几年或几十年来树轮碳同位素的增加(1.2‰~2.5‰),但不能证明是由大气污染(SO2增加)引起的,因其被气候变化所掩盖。

关键词：树轮碳同位素硫同位素气候变化燃料燃烧 C and 人类活动时间尺度利用效率年降雨量

来源：

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Past Century Fossil Fuel Burning Recorded by Tree-Ring δ13C and δ34S from Chaling,South China

Past Century Fossil Fuel Burning Recorded by Tree-Ring δ13C...

引用

中国矿物岩石地球化学学会第15届学术年会

作者： Luhua Xie Peter M.Wynn carly j.stevens Baruch.Spiro Gangjian Wei Gan Zhang State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Lancaster Environment Centre University of LancasterLancaster

工业革命以来由人类活动带来的大量化石燃料燃烧导致严重的环境污染,并引起气候变化。我国自1970年代开始大量排放人类活动产生的CO2和SO2,而且现在我国已经成为世界最大的CO2和SO2排放国。树轮碳-硫同位素及硫含量能很好地记录长时间...

工业革命以来由人类活动带来的大量化石燃料燃烧导致严重的环境污染,并引起气候变化。我国自1970年代开始大量排放人类活动产生的CO2和SO2,而且现在我国已经成为世界最大的CO2和SO2排放国。树轮碳-硫同位素及硫含量能很好地记录长时间尺度的气候变化,水利用效率,及化石燃料燃烧。本摘要报道了来自南方森林115年全树树轮碳-硫同位素及硫含量,目的在于记录人类活动产生的CO2和SO2历排放历史,及试图探讨人类活动产生的CO2和SO2对树碳同位素及水利用效率的影响。结果显示树轮碳同位素自1940年代后期至2000年代后期持续下降,是由持续增加的化石燃料产生的CO2导致的;大气CO2校正后的树轮碳同位素反映了全年降雨量。此外,树轮细胞内CO2浓度及水利用效率自1940年代后期持续升高,其原因是大气CO2浓度增加。另一方面,树轮硫含量没有明显的变化,表明硫是树的基本元素,而硫同位素自1890年代后期以来持续下降,记录了化石燃料(北方煤)使用历史。与之前发表的数据,显示最近几年或几十年来树轮碳同位素的增加(1.2‰.5‰),但不能证明是由大气污染(SO2增加)引起的,因其被气候变化所掩盖。

关键词：

来源： cnki会议评论

在线全文

cnki会议

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Dynamics of self-hybridized exciton–polaritons in 2D halide perovskites

引用

Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 13-22页

作者： Surendra B.Anantharaman jason Lynch Christopher E.stevens Christopher Munley Chentao Li jin Hou Hao Zhang Andrew Torma Thomas Darlington Francis Coen Kevin Li Arka Majumdar Pjames Schuck Aditya Mohite Hayk Harutyunyan joshua R.Hendrickson Deep jariwala Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA KBR Inc. BeavercreekOH45431USA Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors DirectorateWright-Patterson Air Force BaseOH45433USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA Department of Physics Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30322USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Applied Physics Program Smalley‐Curl InstituteRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA

Excitons,bound electron–hole pairs,in two-dimensional hybrid organic inorganic perovskites(2D HOIPs)are capable of forming hybrid light-matter states known as exciton-polaritons(E–Ps)when the excitonic medium is confined in an optical cavity.In the case of 2D HOIPs,they can self-hybridize into E–Ps at specific thicknesses of the HOIP crystals that form a resonant optical cavity with the excitons.However,the fundamental properties of these self-hybridized E–Ps in 2D HOIPs,including their role in ultrafast energy and/or charge transfer at interfaces,remain unclear.Here,we demonstrate that>0.5µm thick 2D HOIP crystals on Au substrates are capable of supporting multiple-orders of self-hybridized E–P modes.These E–Ps have high Q factors(>100)and modulate the optical dispersion for the crystal to enhance sub-gap absorption and emission.Through varying excitation energy and ultrafast measurements,we also confirm energy transfer from higher energy E–Ps to lower energy E–Ps.Finally,we also demonstrate that E–Ps are capable of charge transport and transfer at interfaces.Our findings provide new insights into charge and energy transfer in E–Ps opening new opportunities towards their manipulation for polaritonic devices.

关键词： charge polar excitation

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Patterns,procedures,and indications for pediatric surgery in a Tanzanian Refugee Camp:a 20-year experience

引用

World journal of Pediatric Surgery 2023年第3期6卷 161-167页

作者： Sarah Rapaport Zachary Obinna Enumah Hilary Ngude Daniel S Rhee Mohamed Abbas Amber Lekey Peter j Winch joseph V Sakran Kent A stevens Center for Global Surgery Johns Hopkins MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA Department of International Health Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA Tanzania Red Cross Society Dar es SalaamTanzania Department of Pediatric Surgery Johns Hopkins MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA Department of Surgery Tulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA Satcher Health Leadership Institute Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA

Background There are 103 million displaced people worldwide,41%of whom are children.Data on the provision of surgery in humanitarian settings are limited.Even scarcer is literature on pediatric surgery performed in humanitarian settings,particularly protracted humanitarian settings.Methods We reviewed patterns,procedures,and indications for pediatric surgery among children in Nyarugusu Refugee Camp using a 20-year retrospective dataset.Results A total of 1221 pediatric surgical procedures were performed over the study period.Teenagers between the ages of 12 and 17 years were the most common age group undergoing surgery(n=991;81%).A quarter of the procedures were performed on local Tanzanian children seeking care in the camp(n=301;25%).The most common procedures performed were cesarean sections(n=858;70%),herniorrhaphies(n=197;16%),and exploratory laparotomies(n=55;5%).Refugees were more likely to undergo exploratory laparotomy(n=47;5%)than Tanzanian children(n=7;2%;p=0.032).The most common indications for exploratory laparotomy were acute abdomen(n=24;44%),intestinal obstruction(n=10;18%),and peritonitis(n=9;16%).Conclusions There is a significant volume of basic pediatric general surgery performed in the Nyarugusu Camp.Services are used by both refugees and local Tanzanians.We hope this research will inspire further advocacy and research on pediatric surgical services in humanitarian settings worldwide and illuminate the need for including pediatric refugee surgery within the growing global surgery movement.

关键词： surgery pediatric seeking

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

检测地面温度记录中的气候信号

引用

气象科技 1999年第2期27卷 14-26页

作者： Gerald R.North Mark j.stevens 美国得克萨斯A&M大学

利用最佳信号检测理论于１００年的地面温度资料中寻找与４个特定辐射强迫的气候响应。分析中所用的资料来源于地球上的３６个单元，而且被限定在０．０６～０．１３ｒ／ａ的频带（１６．６７～７．６９ａ）内。估算了气候对太阳变率、... 详细信息

利用最佳信号检测理论于１００年的地面温度资料中寻找与４个特定辐射强迫的气候响应。分析中所用的资料来源于地球上的３６个单元，而且被限定在０．０６～０．１３ｒ／ａ的频带（１６．６７～７．６９ａ）内。估算了气候对太阳变率、火山气溶胶、温室气体和人类活动产生的气溶胶的响应强度。最佳滤波器由一个用二维能量平衡模式（ＥＢＭ）计算出的信号波形组成。最佳权重是用地球物理流体动力学实验室（ＧＦＤＬ）和Ｍａｘ－Ｐｌａｎｋ研究所耦合的海气模式的１０００年控制试验和噪声强迫的ＥＢＭ１００００年控制试验计算得到的。作者还利用了ＧＦＤＬ混和层模式的１０００年试验。结果这４个独立的模式有合理的一致性。我们发现，垂直于其他信号的火山分量非常强，且很显著。与此类似，垂直于其他信号的温室气体分量也非常强且很显著。当所有４个气候强迫组合时，气候响应超过噪音水平的３个标准差。

关键词：气候变化地面温度太阳变率温室气体气溶胶

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欢迎您,

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

欢迎您,

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：