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Sustainable plasticulture in Chinese agriculture: a review of challenges and routes to achieving long-term food and ecosecurity

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 155-168页

作者： Samuel J.CUSWORTH William J.DAVIES Martin R.MCAINSH carly J.stevens Weilu WANG Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK The Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Plastic pollution is global concern, affecting most aspects of global food production systems. Plasticulture, a practice used in agriculture to improve crop quality and quantity, among other factors, is a significant source of plastic pollution. This review examines the extent of plasticulture in China, the implications of the practice across decades of use and the legislative instruments used to resolve those issues. It briefly assesses the effectiveness of these policies and proposes possible future innovations to promote increases in long-term food and eco-security, where sustainable plasticulture is a key agent for change. While plasticulture has increased agricultural productivity in growth-limiting conditions, plastic pollution in agricultural soils has become acute in China. Consequently, plastic pollution is having deleterious effects on soil health and in turn, crop productivity in China. Plastic pollution in agriculture is a multifaceted issue and so proposed solutions should be informed by this complexity. Current measures do not reflect a holistic approach to solving this socioecological challenge and adopt a top-down approach, with little or no supportive mechanisms. Future recommendations need to consider the particular set of conditions that influence the production, use and end-of-life management of agriplastics,specific to the environmental, economic and social conditions in each location.

关键词： Circular plastics economy crop production food security plastic pollution sustainable plasticulture

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RESEARCH PROGRESS ON THE IMPACT OF NITROGEN DEPOSITION ON GLOBAL GRASSLANDS

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第3期9卷 425-444页

作者： carly J.stevens Sofía BASTO Michael DBELL Tianxiang HAO Kevin KIRKMAN Raul OCHOA-HUESO Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK Unidad de Ecologia y Sistematica Departamento de BiologiaFacultad de CienciasPontificia Universidad JaverianaCarrera 7 No.43-82 Ed.Jesus Emilio Ramirez(53)BogotaColombia National Park Service Air Resources DivisionLakewoodCO 80235USA Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and RemediationChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban4041South Africa Departamento de Biologia-IVAGRO Universidad de CadizCampus Rio San Pedro11510 Puerto RealSpain Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology(NIOO-KNAW)P.O.Box 506700 ABWageningenthe Netherlands

Grasslands are globally-important ecosystems providing critical ecosystem *** species composition and characteristics of grasslands vary considerably across the planet with a wide variety of different grasslands ***,in many regions grasslands have been impacted by atmospheric nitrogen deposition originating from anthropogenic activities with effects on productivity,species composition and diversity widely *** vary across grassland habitats but many show declines in species richness and increases in biomass production related to soil eutrophication and *** a continental level,there is considerable variation in the research effort that has been put into understanding the impacts of nitrogen *** Europe,North America and parts of Asia,although there are unanswered research questions,there is a good understanding of N deposition impacts in most grassland *** is not the case in other regions with large knowledge gaps in some parts of the *** paper reviews the impacts of N deposition on grasslands around the world,highlighting recent advances and areas where research is still needed.

关键词： acidification biomass production critical load eutrophication species composition species richness

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Effect of nitrogen addition, form and clipping on competitive interactions between grassland species

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第3期7卷 222-230页

作者： carly J.stevens David J.G.Gowing Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK Department of Earth Environment and EcosystemsThe Open UniversityWalton HallMilton KeynesMK76AAUK

Aims Although the effects of N addition on plant biomass are well understood,we know a lot less about the importance of N form even though some studies have shown different impacts from reduced and oxidized forms of ***,responses to grazing are likely to interact with the response to N *** experiment investigates the interactive effects of N addition and form with clipping on competition between three grassland *** The three species(Anthoxanthum odoratum L.,Plantago lanceolata *** Prunella vulgaris L.)were grown alone and in combination with factorial additions of deionized water,sodium nitrate and ammonium chloride,and a clipping ***-and belowground biomass was harvested after 4 *** Findings In monocultures,the results show increases in biomass with N addition,but clipping resulted in fewer changes with species displaying varying degrees of growth *** was the strongest competitor when grown with other *** monocultures without clipping,N form was not important,but in the presence of clipping and in different species combinations,N form became *** two-and three-way interactive effects were observed showing that complex interactions exist between N addition,clipping and species *** results have important implications when considering the effects of N deposition.

关键词： aboveground biomass ammonium grazing nitrate root biomass

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Effects of the frequency and the rate of N enrichment on community structure in a temperate grassland

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第5期11卷 685-695页

作者： Yunhai Zhang Jing Wang carly J.stevens Xiaotao Lü Nianpeng He Changhui Wang Xingguo Han State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesNo.20 NanxincunXiangshanBeijing 100093China Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YQUK Department of Agroecology Aarhus UniversityBlichers Allé20Tjele 8830Denmark University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19 Yuquan RoadShijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and ManagementInstitute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesNo.72 Wenhua RoadShenhe DistrictShenyang 110016China Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences11ADatun RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100101China

Aims Nitrogen(N)enrichment caused by human activities threatens bio-diversity and alters plant community composition and *** has been found that heavy and infrequent N inputs may over-estimate species extinction,but it remains unclear whether plant community structure will equally respond to frequent reactive N enriched *** We independently manipulated the rates and the frequencies of N addition in a temperate steppe,northern China,between 2008 and *** Findings We found that plant community structure changes,measured by‘Euclidean distance’involving species richness,composition and productivity,were significantly positively related to increasing N enrichment rates rather than *** in aboveground net primary productivity(ANPP),plant species richness and shifts in dominant species were *** ANPP increased with N enrichment,whereas species richness *** frequency of N enrichment increased species richness but had no impacts on community ANPP and the relative ANPP of the two dominant spe-cies,C3 perennial bunchgrass Stipa grandis and C3 perennial rhi-zome grass Leymus *** ANPP and relative ANPP of the two dominant species were significantly negatively correlated with each ***,changes in the relative ANPP of *** was negatively associated with the changes in community *** 5 years’treatment,direct influence of the frequency of N en-richment on plant community structure was not observed,but the effects of the rate of N enrichment were *** results sug-gested that further study in various ecosystems and with long-term and well-controlled comparisons the frequency *** rate of N enrichment may still be needed.

关键词： biodiversity dominance effect nitrogen addition frequency nitrogen deposition productivity

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A NEW APPROACH TO HOLISTIC NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN CHINA

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第3期9卷 490-510页

作者： Xuejun LIU Zhenling CUI Tianxiang HAO Lixing YUAN Ying ZHANG Baojing GU Wen XU Hao YING Weifeng ZHANG Tingyu LI Xiaoyuan YAN Keith GOULDING David KANTER Robert HOWARTH carly stevens Jagdish LADHA Qianqian LI Lei LIU Wim DE VRIES Fusuo ZHANG Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Environmental&Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China College of Tropical Crops Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Nanjing Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Department of Sustainable Agriculture Sciences Rothamsted ResearchHarpenden AL52JQUK Department of Environmental Studies New York UniversityNew YorkNY 10003USA Department of Ecology&Evolutionary Biology Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA 95616USA School of Life Sciences Jiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhou 221116China College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Environmental Systems Analysis Group Wageningen University&ResearchPO Box 476700 AA Wageningenthe Netherlands.

Since the 1980s,the widespread use of N fertilizer has not only resulted in a strong increase in agricultural productivity but also caused a number of environmental problems,induced by excess reactive N emissions.A range of approaches to improve N management for increased agricultural production together with reduced environmental impacts has been *** 4R principles(right product,right amount,right time and right place)for N fertilizer application have been essential for improving crop productivity and N use efficiency while reducing N *** example,site-specific N management(as part of 4R practice)reduced N fertilizer use by 32%and increased yield by 5%in ***,it has not been enough to overcome the challenge of producing more food with reduced impact on the environment and *** paper proposes a new framework of food-chainnitrogen-management(FCNM).This involves good N management including the recycling of organic manures,optimized crop and animal production and improved human diets,with the aim of maximizing resource use efficiency and minimizing environmental *** could meet future challenges for food demand,resource sustainability and environmental safety,key issues for green agricultural transformation in China and other countries.

关键词： 4R technology food chain N management N use efficiency soil-crop system sustainable management

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Nitrogen deposition and reduction of terrestrial biodiversity:Evidence from temperate grasslands

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2005年第Z2期48卷 720-728页

作者： Nancy B.Dise carly J.stevens Department of Earth Sciences Open University Milton KeynesMK7 6AAUK Department of Biology Villanova UniversityVillanovaPA 19085USA Department of Agricultural Science Imperial College at WyeWyeAshfordTN25 4NJUK

Biodiversity is thought to be essential for ecosystem stability, function and long-term sustainability. Since nitrogen is the limiting nutrient for plant growth in many terrestrial ecosystems, reactive nitrogen has the potential to reduce the diversity of terrestrial vegetation and associated biota through favouring species adapted to quickly exploiting available nutrients. Although the potential has long been recognised, only recently has enough evidence come together to show beyond reasonable doubt that these changes are already occurring. Linked together, experimental, regional/***, and time-series research provide a powerful argument that enhanced deposition of reactive nitrogen across Great Britain, and potentially the rest of Europe, has resulted in a significant and ongoing decline in grassland species richness and diversity.

关键词： nitrogen deposition, terrestrial biodiversity, temperate grasslands.

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Past Century Fossil Fuel Burning Recorded by Tree-Ring δ13C and δ34S from Chaling,South China

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吉林大学学报(地球科学版) 2015年第S1期 371-372页

作者： Luhua Xie Peter M.Wynn carly J.stevens Baruch.Spiro Gangjian Wei Gan Zhang State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Lancaster Environment Centre University of Lancaster Natural History Museum London UK State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

工业革命以来由人类活动带来的大量化石燃料燃烧导致严重的环境污染,并引起气候变化。我国自1970年代开始大量排放人类活动产生的CO2和SO2,而且现在我国已经成为世界最大的CO2和SO2排放国。树轮碳-硫同位素及硫含量能很好地记录长时间... 详细信息

工业革命以来由人类活动带来的大量化石燃料燃烧导致严重的环境污染,并引起气候变化。我国自1970年代开始大量排放人类活动产生的CO2和SO2,而且现在我国已经成为世界最大的CO2和SO2排放国。树轮碳-硫同位素及硫含量能很好地记录长时间尺度的气候变化,水利用效率,及化石燃料燃烧。本摘要报道了来自南方森林115年全树树轮碳-硫同位素及硫含量,目的在于记录人类活动产生的CO2和SO2历排放历史,及试图探讨人类活动产生的CO2和SO2对树碳同位素及水利用效率的影响。结果显示树轮碳同位素自1940年代后期至2000年代后期持续下降,是由持续增加的化石燃料产生的CO2导致的;大气CO2校正后的树轮碳同位素反映了全年降雨量。此外,树轮细胞内CO2浓度及水利用效率自1940年代后期持续升高,其原因是大气CO2浓度增加。另一方面,树轮硫含量没有明显的变化,表明硫是树的基本元素,而硫同位素自1890年代后期以来持续下降,记录了化石燃料(北方煤)使用历史。与之前发表的数据,显示最近几年或几十年来树轮碳同位素的增加(1.2‰~2.5‰),但不能证明是由大气污染(SO2增加)引起的,因其被气候变化所掩盖。

关键词：树轮碳同位素硫同位素气候变化燃料燃烧 C and 人类活动时间尺度利用效率年降雨量

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Past Century Fossil Fuel Burning Recorded by Tree-Ring δ13C and δ34S from Chaling,South China

Past Century Fossil Fuel Burning Recorded by Tree-Ring δ13C...

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中国矿物岩石地球化学学会第15届学术年会

作者： Luhua Xie Peter M.Wynn carly J.stevens Baruch.Spiro Gangjian Wei Gan Zhang State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Lancaster Environment Centre University of LancasterLancaster

工业革命以来由人类活动带来的大量化石燃料燃烧导致严重的环境污染,并引起气候变化。我国自1970年代开始大量排放人类活动产生的CO2和SO2,而且现在我国已经成为世界最大的CO2和SO2排放国。树轮碳-硫同位素及硫含量能很好地记录长时间...

工业革命以来由人类活动带来的大量化石燃料燃烧导致严重的环境污染,并引起气候变化。我国自1970年代开始大量排放人类活动产生的CO2和SO2,而且现在我国已经成为世界最大的CO2和SO2排放国。树轮碳-硫同位素及硫含量能很好地记录长时间尺度的气候变化,水利用效率,及化石燃料燃烧。本摘要报道了来自南方森林115年全树树轮碳-硫同位素及硫含量,目的在于记录人类活动产生的CO2和SO2历排放历史,及试图探讨人类活动产生的CO2和SO2对树碳同位素及水利用效率的影响。结果显示树轮碳同位素自1940年代后期至2000年代后期持续下降,是由持续增加的化石燃料产生的CO2导致的;大气CO2校正后的树轮碳同位素反映了全年降雨量。此外,树轮细胞内CO2浓度及水利用效率自1940年代后期持续升高,其原因是大气CO2浓度增加。另一方面,树轮硫含量没有明显的变化,表明硫是树的基本元素,而硫同位素自1890年代后期以来持续下降,记录了化石燃料(北方煤)使用历史。与之前发表的数据,显示最近几年或几十年来树轮碳同位素的增加(1.2‰.5‰),但不能证明是由大气污染(SO2增加)引起的,因其被气候变化所掩盖。

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