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Multicenter,randomized study to optimize bowel for colon capsule endoscopy

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第48期23卷 8615-8625页

作者： David Kastenberg Wilmot C Burch Jr David P Romeo Pankaj K Kashyap David C Pound Neophytos Papageorgiou Ignacio Fernández-Urien Sainz Carly E Sokach Douglas K Rex Division of Gastroenterology Thomas Jefferson University Franklin Gastroenterology PLLC Dayton Gastroenterology Inc. Pinnacle Research Group LLC Indianapolis Gastroenterology and hepatology Department of Gastroenterology American Medical Center Department of Gastroenterology Servicio de Digestivohospital de Navarra Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University Indiana University hospital

AIM To assess the cleansing efficacy and safety of a new Colon capsule endoscopy(CCe) bowel preparation regimen.MeTHODS This was a multicenter,prospective,randomized,controlled study comparing two CCe regimens. Subjects were asymptomatic and average risk for colorectal cancer. The second generation CCe system(Pill Cam? COLON 2;Medtronic,Yoqneam,Israel) was utilized. Preparation regimens differed in the 1 st and 2 nd boosts with the Study regimen using oral sulfate solution(89 m L) with diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium solution("diatrizoate solution")(boost 1 = 60 m L,boost 2 = 30 m L) and the Control regimen oral sulfate solution(89 m L) alone. The primary outcome was overall and segmental colon cleansing. Secondary outcomes included safety,polyp detection,colonic transit,CCe completion and capsule excretion ≤ 12 h. ReSULTS Both regimens had similar cleansing efficacy for the whole colon(Adequate: Study = 75.9%,Control = 77.3%;P = 0.88) and individual segments. In the Study group,CCe completion was superior(Study = 90.9%,Control = 76.9%;P = 0.048) and colonic transit was more often e Study regimen subjects experienced adverse events(Study = 19.4%,Control = 3.4%;P = 0.0061),and this difference did not appear related to diatrizoate solution. Adverse events were primarily gastrointestinal in nature and no serious adverse events related either to the bowel preparation regimen or the capsule were observed. There was a trend toward higher polyp detection with the Study regimen,but this did not achieve statistical significance for any size category. Mean transit time through the entire gastrointestinal tract,from ingestion to excretion,was shorter with the Study regimen while mean colonic transit times were similar for both study groups.CONCLUSION A CCe bowel preparation regimen using oral sulfate solution and diatrizoate solution as a boost agent is effective,safe,and achieved superior CCe completion.

关键词： Bowel preparation Purgative Capsule endoscopy endoscopy Capsule colonoscopy Large intestine

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Clinical validity and utility of genetic risk scores in prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第4期18卷 509-514页

作者： Brian T Helfand James Kearns carly Conran Jianfeng Xu Department of Surgery NorthShore University HealthSystem Program for Personalized Cancer Care Evanston IL 60201 USA.

Current issues related to prostate cancer （PCa） clinical care （e.g., over-screening, over-diagnosis, and over-treatment of nonaggressive PCa） call for risk assessment tools that can be combined with family history （FH） to stratify disease risk among men in the general population. Since 2007, genome-wide association studies （GWASs） have identified more than 100 SNPs associated with PCa susceptibility. In this review, we discuss （1） the validity of these PCa risk-associated SNPs, individually and collectively; （2） the various methods used for measuring the cumulative effect of multiple SNPs, including genetic risk score （GRS）; （3） the adequate number of SNPs needed for risk assessment; （4） reclassification of risk based on evolving numbers of SNPs used to calculate genetic risk, （5） risk assessment for men from various racial groups, and （6） the clinical utility of genetic risk assessment. In conclusion, data available to date support the clinical validity of PCa risk-associated SNPs and GRS in risk assessment among men with or without FH. PCa risk-associated SNPs are not intended for diagnostic use; rather, they should be used the same way as FH. Combining GRS and FH can significantly improve the performance of risk assessment. Improved risk assessment may have important clinical utility in targeted PCa testing. However, clinical trials are urgently needed to evaluate this clinical utility as well as the acceptance of GRS by patients and physicians.

关键词： genetic risk score prostate cancer pyramid model single nucleotide polymorphisms

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Liver iron transport

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第35期13卷 4725-4736页

作者： Ross M Graham Anita CG Chua carly e Herbison John K Olynyk Debbie Trinder School of Medicine and Pharmacology Fremantle HospitalUniversity of Western AustraliaFremantleWestern AustraliaAustralia School of Medicine and Pharmacology Fremantle HospitalUniversity of Western AustraliaFremantleWestern AustraliaAustralia Western Australian Institute for Medical ResearchNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia

肝在铁新陈代谢起一个中央作用。它是为铁的主要存储地点并且也表示涉及铁运输和铁动态平衡的规定的分子的一个复杂范围。与肝的铁运输或规定联系的越来越多的基因被识别了。这些包括转铁蛋白受体(TFR1 并且 2 ) ， ferrireductase (STe... 详细信息

肝在铁新陈代谢起一个中央作用。它是为铁的主要存储地点并且也表示涉及铁运输和铁动态平衡的规定的分子的一个复杂范围。与肝的铁运输或规定联系的越来越多的基因被识别了。这些包括转铁蛋白受体(TFR1 并且 2 ) ， ferrireductase (STeAP3 ) ，运输 ers 二价的金属 transporter-1 (DMT1 ) 和象 haemochromatosis 蛋白质， HFe 和 haemojuvelin (HJV ) 一样的 ferroportin (FPN ) ，它正在表明分子。许多也这些基因参予铁集中于肝的肽 hepcidin 的规章的小径。然而，我们开始仍然仅仅正在理解在肝之间的复杂相互作用熨运输和铁动态平衡。这评论在铁运输和铁动态平衡的规定构画出我们铁新陈代谢和他们的角色的分子的当前的知识。

关键词：肝脏铁传递铁平衡铁吸收铁释放遗传性血色素沉着

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Review of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第39期20卷 14172-14184页

作者： carly e Kelley Ann J Brown Anna Mae Diehl Tracy L Setji Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 United States Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 United States

Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women. Women with PCOS frequently have metabolic complications including insulin resistance(IR), early diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Recent studies have demonstrated an association between PCOS and another metabolic complication: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). NAFLD occurs as a result of abnormal lipid handling by the liver, which sensitizes the liver to injury and inflammation. It can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), which is characterized by hepatocyte injury and apoptosis. With time and further inflammation, NASH can progress to cirrhosis. Thus, given the young age at which NAFLD may occur in PCOS, these women may be at significant risk for progressive hepatic injury over the course of their lives. Many potential links between PCOS and NAFLD have been proposed, most notably IR and hyperandrogenemia. Further studies are needed to clarify the association between PCOS and NAFLD. In the interim, clinicians should be aware of this connection and consider screening for NAFLD in PCOS patients who have other metabolic risk factors. The optimal method of screening is unknown. However, measuring alanine aminotransferase and/or obtaining ultrasound on high-risk patients can be considered. First line treatment consists of lifestyle interventions and weight loss, with possible pharmacologic interventions in some cases.

关键词： Polycystic ovary syndrome Fatty liver Non-alcoholi

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Current cancer therapies and their influence on glucose control

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第7期12卷 1010-1025页

作者： carly Yim Kerry Mansell Nassrein Hussein Terra Arnason Department of Medicine University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon S7N 0W8SaskatchewanCanada College of Pharmacy and Nutrition University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon S7N 5E5SaskatchewanCanada Department of Medicine Division of EndocrinologyUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoon S7N 0W8SaskatchewanCanada Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Medicine Division of EndocrinologyUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoon S7N 0W8SaskatchewanCanada

This review focuses on the development of hyperglycemia arising from widely used cancer therapies spanning four drug classes.These groups of medications were selected due to their significant association with new onset hyperglycemia,or of potentially severe clinical consequences when present.These classes include glucocorticoids that are frequently used in addition to chemotherapy treatments,and the antimetabolite class of 5-fluorouracil-related drugs.Both of these classes have been in use in cancer therapy since the 1950s.Also considered are the phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)-inhibitors that provide cancer response advantages by disrupting cell growth,proliferation and survival signaling pathways,and have been in clinical use as early as 2007.The final class to be reviewed are the monoclonal antibodies selected to function as immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs).These were first used in 2011 for advanced melanoma and are rapidly becoming widely utilized in many solid tumors.For each drug class,the literature has been reviewed to answer relevant questions about these medications related specifically to the characteristics of the hyperglycemia that develops with use.The incidence of new glucose elevations in euglycemic individuals,as well as glycemic changes in those with established diabetes has been considered,as has the expected onset of hyperglycemia from their first use.This comparison emphasizes that some classes exhibit very immediate impacts on glucose levels,whereas other classes can have lengthy delays of up to 1 year.A comparison of the spectrum of severity of hyperglycemic consequences stresses that the appearance of diabetic ketoacidosis is rare for all classes except for the ICIs.There are distinct differences in the reversibility of glucose elevations after treatment is stopped,as the mTOR inhibitors and ICI classes have persistent hyperglycemia long term.These four highlighted drug categories differ in their underlying mechanisms driving hyperglycemia,wit

关键词： Cancer therapy Hyperglycemia adverse drug effects Immune checkpoint inhibitors mTOR inhibitors 5-fluorouracil analogs Glucocorticoids Diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第15期23卷 2785-2794页

作者： Charles Cock Laura K Besanko carly M Burgstad Alison Thompson Stamatiki Kritas Richard Heddle Robert JL Fraser Taher I Omari Investigation and Procedures Unit Repatriation General Hospital Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Flinders University of South Australia Gastroenterology Unit Women's and Children's Health Network Human Physiology School of MedicineFlinders University of South Australia

AIM To investigate the functional effects of abnormal esophagogastric(eGJ) measurements in asymptomatic healthy volunteers over eighty years of age. MeTHODS Data from 30 young controls(11 M, mean age 37 ± 11 years) and 15 aged subjects(9 M, 85 ± 4 years) were compared for novel metrics of eGJ-function: eGJcontractile integral(eGJ-CI), "total" eGJ-CI and bolus flow time(BFT). Data were acquired using a 3.2 mm, 25 pressure(1 cm spacing) and 12 impedance segment(2 cm) solid-state catheter(Unisensor and MMS SolarGI system) across the eGJ. Five swallows each of 5 m L liquid(L) and viscous(V) bolus were analyzed. Mean values were compared using Student's t test for normally distributed data or Mann Whitney U-test when non-normally distributed. A P value ered significant.ReSULTS eGJ-CI at rest was similar for older subjects compared to controls. "Total" eGJ-CI, measured during liquid swallowing, was increased in older individuals when compared to young controls(O 39 ± 7 mm Hg.cm vs C 18 ± 3 mm Hg.cm; P = 0.006). For both liquid and viscous bolus consistencies, IRP4 was increased(L: 11.9 ± 2.3 mm Hg vs 5.9 ± 1.0 mm Hg, P = 0.019 and V: 14.3 ± 2.4 mm Hg vs 7.3 ± 0.8 mm Hg; P = 0.02) and BFT was reduced(L: 1.7 ± 0.3 s vs 3.8 ± 0.2 s and V: 1.9 ± 0.3 s vs 3.8 ± 0.2 s; P er subjects, when compared to young. A matrix of bolus flow and presence above the eGJ indicated reductions in bolus flow at the eGJ occurred due to both impaired bolus transport through the esophageal body(i.e., the bolus never reached the eGJ) and increased flow resistance at the eGJ(i.e., the bolus retained just above the eGJ).CONCLUSION Bolus flow through the eGJ is reduced in asymptomatic older individuals. Both ineffective esophageal bolus transport and increased eGJ resistance contribute to impaired bolus flow.

关键词：老化食管阻抗 Manometry 压力 esophagogastric 连接

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Magnetic Field Configurations Corresponding to electric Field Patterns That evoke Long-Term Potentiation Shift Power Spectra of Light emissions from Microtubules from Non-Neural Cells

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2014年第4期4卷 112-118页

作者： Blake T. Dotta David A.e. Vares carly A. Buckner Robert M. Lafrenie Michael A. Persinger Biomolecular Sciences and Behavioural Neuroscience Programs Laurentian University Sudbury Canada

Photon counts were measured every 15 ms for 75 s from microtubule-enriched preparations (and nuclei) from mouse melanoma cells during baseline and after 2 min exposures to 1 μT magnetic fields. The magnetic fields were generated from a circular array of solenoids and presented with accelerating or decelerating rotation velocities. The range of photon radiant flux density was in the order of 10-12 W·m-2. Microtubules preparations that had been exposed for only 2 min to a magnetic field configuration corresponding to the electric field pattern that induced long-term potentiation in neural tissue when applied as electric current displayed peaks of spectral power densities within 7 - 8 Hz, 9.5 Hz, 14 - 15 Hz, and 22 Hz bands. The major peak (9.4 Hz) bandwidth was approximately 0.1 Hz. While microtubule preparations exposed for 2 min to a 7 Hz sine-wave or in the absence of a field emitted an overall similar level of spectral power density, the peaks in power density were not present. Treatment with the LTP patterned fields, compared to the baseline or sine-wave fields primarily altered the frequency band in which the amplitude of the photon field was expressed. These results suggest that the photon emissions from microtubule preparations have the capacity to respond to specifically-patterned or geometric shapes of magnetic fields by altering spectral configurations rather than the absolute numbers of photons.

关键词： Microtubules Photon emissions Spectral Density Shifts Physiologically-Patterned Magnetic Fields

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隐蔽性高血压与左心室重构和运动性高血压反应的关系

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中华高血压杂志 2011年第12期19卷 1198-1198页

作者： James e Sharman James L Hare Scott Thomas Justin e Davies Rodel Leano carly Jenkins Thomas H Marwick

运动性高血压反应[hypertensive response to exercise，HRe；定义为诊室血压正常但运动时收缩压≥210（男性），≥190mmHg（女性），或舒张压≥105mmHg]可以独立地预测死亡率。该研究评估HRe患者中隐蔽性高血压的患病率及其与心血管危... 详细信息

运动性高血压反应[hypertensive response to exercise，HRe；定义为诊室血压正常但运动时收缩压≥210（男性），≥190mmHg（女性），或舒张压≥105mmHg]可以独立地预测死亡率。该研究评估HRe患者中隐蔽性高血压的患病率及其与心血管危险因素（包括左心室质量指数）的相关性。方法：入选（54±9）岁未治疗的HRe患者72例（60％男性，经运动负荷超声心动图检查无冠状动脉性疾病）进行全面的临床和超声心动图（包括中心动脉压和脉搏波传导速度）检查及24h动态血压监测。

关键词：运动性高血压反应隐蔽性左心室重构超声心动图检查 24h动态血压监测左心室质量指数心血管危险因素脉搏波传导速度

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Nitrogen deposition and reduction of terrestrial biodiversity:evidence from temperate grasslands

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2005年第Z2期48卷 720-728页

作者： Nancy B.Dise carly J.Stevens Department of earth Sciences Open University Milton KeynesMK7 6AAUK Department of Biology Villanova UniversityVillanovaPA 19085USA Department of Agricultural Science Imperial College at WyeWyeAshfordTN25 4NJUK

Biodiversity is thought to be essential for ecosystem stability, function and long-term sustainability. Since nitrogen is the limiting nutrient for plant growth in many terrestrial ecosystems, reactive nitrogen has the potential to reduce the diversity of terrestrial vegetation and associated biota through favouring species adapted to quickly exploiting available nutrients. Although the potential has long been recognised, only recently has enough evidence come together to show beyond reasonable doubt that these changes are already occurring. Linked together, experimental, regional/e.rnpirical, and time-series research provide a powerful argument that enhanced deposition of reactive nitrogen across Great Britain, and potentially the rest of europe, has resulted in a significant and ongoing decline in grassland species richness and diversity.

关键词： nitrogen deposition, terrestrial biodiversity, temperate grasslands.

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Assessment of molecular markers and marker-assisted selection for drought tolerance in barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第1期23卷 20-38页

作者： Akmaral Baidyussen Gulmira Khassanova Maral Utebayev Satyvaldy Jatayev Rystay Kushanova Sholpan Khalbayeva Aigul Amangeldiyeva Raushan Yerzhebayeva KulpashBulatova carly Schramm Peter Anderson Colin L.D.Jenkins Kathleen LSoole Yuri Shavrukov Faculty of Agronomy S.Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical Research UniversityAstana 010000Kazakhstan A.I.Barayev Research and Production Centre of Grain Farming Shortandy 021601Kazakhstan Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing AlmalybakAlmaty District 040909Kazakhstan College of Science and engineering Biological SciencesFlinders UniversityAdelaideSA 5042Australia

This review updates the present status of the field of molecular markers and marker-assisted selection(MAS),using the example of drought tolerance in barley.The accuracy of selected quantitative trait loci(QTLs),candidate genes and suggested markers was assessed in the barley genome cv.Morex.Six common strategies are described for molecular marker development,candidate gene identification and verification,and their possible applications in MAS to improve the grain yield and yield components in barley under drought stress.These strategies are based on the following five principles:(1)Molecular markers are designated as genomic‘tags’,and their‘prediction’is strongly dependent on their distance from a candidate gene on genetic or physical maps;(2)plants react differently under favourable and stressful conditions or depending on their stage of development;(3)each candidate gene must be verified by confirming its expression in the relevant conditions,e.g.,drought;(4)the molecular marker identified must be validated for MAS for tolerance to drought stress and improved grain yield;and(5)the small number of molecular markers realized for MAS in breeding,from among the many studies targeting candidate genes,can be explained by the complex nature of drought stress,and multiple stress-responsive genes in each barley genotype that are expressed differentially depending on many other factors.

关键词： barley candidate genes drought tolerance gene verification via expression grain yield marker-assisted selection(MAS) molecular markers quantitative trait loci(QTLs) strategy for MAS

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