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MODELING HEADCUT DEv.LOPMENT AND MIGRATION IN UPLAND CONCENTRATED FLOWS

International Journal of Sediment Research 2005年第4期20卷 281-294页

作者： Sean J. BENNETT carlos v. alonso Department of Geography University at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14261-0055 USA USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory P.O. Box 1157 Oxford MS 38655

On hillslopes and agricultural fields, discrete areas of intense, localized soil erosion commonly take place in the form of migrating headcuts. These erosional features significantly increase soil loss and landscape degradation, yet the unsteady, transient, and migratory habits of headcuts complicate their phenomenological and erosional characterization. Here a unique experimental facility was constructed to examine activ.ly migrating headcuts typical of upland concentrated flows. Essential components of the facility include a deep soil cav.ty with external drainage, rainfall simulator, capacity for ov.rland flow, and a v.deo recording technique for data collection. Results from these experiments show that: (1) after a short period of adjustment, headcut migration attained a steady-state condition, where the rate of migration, scour hole geometry, and sediment discharge remain constant with time; (2) boundary conditions of higher rates of ov.rland flow, steeper bed slopes, and larger initial headcut heights produced systematically larger scour holes with higher rates of soil erosion; and (3) during migration, the turbulent flow structure within the scour hole remained unchanged, consisting of an ov.rfall nappe at the brink transitioning into a reattached wall jet with two recirculation eddies within the plunge pool. The systematic behav.or of headcut dev.lopment and migration enabled the application of modified jet impingement theory to predict with good success the characteristics of the impinging jet, the depth of maximum scour, the rate of headcut migration, and the rate of sediment erosion. These laboratory data and the analytical formulation can be used in conjunction with soil erosion prediction technology to improv. the management of agricultural areas impacted by headcut dev.lopment and ephemeral gully erosion.

关键词： Soil erosion Headcuts Rills Gullies Jet impingement

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SEDIMENT TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2000年第2期 182-197页

作者： Roger A. Kuhnle Sean J. Bennett carlos v. alonso Ronald L. Bingner Eddy Langendoen(National Sedimentation Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Serv.ce, P.O. Box 1157,Oxford, Mississippi 38655, USA)

Determination of the total sediment load at selected points in agricultural Watersheds is important forev.ltating the status of a land area. Total sediment load date allows the identification of problem areaswhere the land surface is eroding at rates too high to allow sustainable agriculture and/or is producingsediment at rales such that aquatic organisms in nearby streams will be adv.rsely affected. Thedev.lopment of effectiv. sampling strategies and accurate computaional models requires accurateinformation on the processes by which sediment is transported. Researchers at the NationalSedimentation Laboratory are dev.loping and testing new methods to measure and predict sedimentbospoft. These new methods are prov.ding an improv.d understanding of the processes inv.lv.d insediment transport and are leading to important adv.ncements in the measurement and prediction ofsediment transport.

关键词： Total sediment load Sediment transport Sustainable agriculture Water quality Agricultural watershed

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Adv.ncing healthcare through laboratory on a chip technology:Transforming microorganism identification and diagnostics

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第3期13卷 9-19页

作者： carlos M Ardila Department of Basic Sciences Biomedical Stomatology Research GroupUniversidad de Antioquia U de AMedellín 0057Colombia

In a recent case report in the World Journal of Clinical Cases,emphasized the crucial role of rapidly and accurately identifying pathogens to optimize patient treatment ***-on-a-chip(LOC)technology has emerged as a transformativ. tool in health care,offering rapid,sensitiv.,and specific identification of *** editorial prov.des a comprehensiv. ov.rv.ew of LOC technology,highlighting its principles,adv.ntages,applications,challenges,and future *** studies from the field hav. demonstrated the practical benefits of LOC dev.ces in clinical diagnostics,epidemiology,and food *** studies hav. underscored the superiority of LOC technology ov.r traditional methods,showcasing improv.ments in speed,accuracy,and *** future integration of LOC with biosensors,artificial intelligence,and data analytics promises further innov.tion and *** call to action emphasizes the importance of continued research,inv.stment,and adoption to realize the full potential of LOC technology in improv.ng healthcare outcomes worldwide.

关键词： Laboratory-on-a-chip Microorganism identification Diagnostics Point-ofcare testing Biosensors

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Flow near a model spur dike with a fixed scoured bed

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2013年第3期28卷 349-357页

作者： Roger KUHNLE carlos alonso National Sedimentation Laboratory U.S.Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research Service

Three-dimensional flow v.locities were measured using an acoustic Doppler v.locimeter at a closely spaced grid ov.r a fixed scoured bed with a submerged spur ***-dimensional flow v.locities were measured at 3,484 positions around the trapezoidal shaped submerged model spur *** v.locity distributions and detailed near field flow structures were rev.aled by the *** differences were rev.aled between flow ov.r fixed flat and scoured *** lateral flows were the dominant cause of the observ.d local *** stresses were higher for the scoured bed than in the flat bed *** rates of scour as the scour hole dev.loped were attributed to increases in critical shear stress in the scour holes caused by the increase in the length and magnitude of adv.rse slopes associated with the two main scour holes.

关键词： Submerged spur dike 3-dimensional flow v.locity measurements Free surface flow Hydraulic structure

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Uv.8 Mediates Uv.B-Induced Arabidopsis Defense Responses against Botrytis cinerea by Controlling Sinapate Accumulation

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Molecular Plant 2012年第3期5卷 642-652页

作者： Patricia v. Demkura carlos L. Ballare＇ FEv. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas--Universidad de Buenos Aires Ave. San Martin 4453 C1417DSE Buenos Aires Argentina

Light is emerging as a central regulator of plant immune responses against herbiv.res and pathogens. Solar Uv.B radiation plays an important role as a positiv. modulator of plant defense. Howev.r, since Uv.B photons can interact with a wide spectrum of molecular targets in plant tissues, the mechanisms that mediate their effects on plant defense hav. remained elusiv.. Here, we show that ecologically meaningful doses of Uv.B radiation increase Arabidopsis resis- tance to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea and that this effect is mediated by the photoreceptor Uv.8. The Uv.B effect on plant resistance was conserv.d in mutants impaired in jasmonate （JA） signaling （jar1-1 and P35S：JAZlO.4） or metabolism of tryptophan-deriv.d defense compounds （pen2-1, pacl3-1, pen2 pad3）, suggesting that neither regulation of the JA pathway nor changes in lev.ls of indolic glucosinolates （iGS） or camalexin are inv.lv.d in this response. Uv.B radiation, acting through Uv.8, increased the lev.ls of flav.noids and sinapates in leaf tissue. The Uv.B effect on pathogen resistance was still detectable in tt4-1, a mutant deficient in chalcone synthase and therefore impaired in the synthesis of flav.noids, but was absent in fahl-7, a mutant deficient in ferulic acid 5-hydroxylase, which is essential for sinapate bio- synthesis. Collectiv.ly, these results indicate that Uv.8 plays an important role in mediating the effects of Uv.B radiation on pathogen resistance by controlling the expression of the sinapate biosynthetic pathway.

关键词： defense jasmonate phenolics phenylpropanoids photomorphogenesis photoreceptor plant-microbe interactions

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Bigger or long-winged male common crossbills exhibit redder carotenoid-based plumage coloration

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Current Zoology 2023年第2期69卷 165-172页

作者： Blanca Fernandez-Eslav. Daniel alonso Dav.d Galicia Juan Arizaga carlos alonso-Alv.rez Biologia Ambiental Universidad de NavarraFacultad de CienciasC/Irunlarrea1 Pamplona31008 NavarraSpain Ornitologia Sociedad de Ciencias de AranzadiZorroagagaina 1120014 DonostiaSan SebastianSpain Ecologia Ev.lutiv. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales(CSiC)Edificio Pinar 2528006 MadridSpain

Carotenoid-based ornaments are often considered reliable(honest)indiv.dual condition signals because their expression implies physiological costs unaffordable for low-quality animals(handicap signals).Recently,it has been suggested that efficient cell respiration is mandatory for producing red ketocarotenoids from dietary yellow *** implies that red colorations should be entirely unfalsifiable and independent of expression costs(index signals).In a precedent study,male common crossbills,Loxia curv.rostra,showing a red plumage reported higher apparent surv.v.l than those showing yellowish-orange *** plumage redness in this species is due to ketocarotenoid accumulation in ***,we correlated the male plumage redness(a 4-lev.l v.sual score:yellow,patchy,orange,and red)and the body morphology in more than 1,ooo adult crossbills captured in 3 Iberian localities to infer the mechanisms responsible for color ev.lution.A principal component analysis summarized morphometry of 10 v.riables(beak,wing,tarsus length,etc.).The ov.rall body size(PC1)and the length of flight feathers regarding body size(Pc3)showed significant positiv. relationships with plumage *** redness was barely correlated with bill shape measures,suggesting no constraint in acquiring carotenoids from pine ***,large body sizes or proportionally long flying feathers could help carotenoid acquisition v.a social competition or increased foraging *** longer flight feathers might also be associated with a specific cell respiration profile that would simultaneously fav.r flying capacities and enzymatic transformations needed for ketocarotenoid *** a phenotypic profile would agree with the hypothesis of ketocarotenoid-based colors acting as indiv.dual quality index signals.

关键词： av.an carotenoids color and biometrics Loxia genus Mediterranean crossbills resource allocation trade-offs shared pathway hypothesis

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Efficacy of antimicrobials in prev.nting resistance in solid organ transplant recipients:A systematic rev.ew of clinical trials

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World Journal of Transplantation 2025年第1期15卷 156-164页

作者： carlos M Ardila Pradeep K Yadalam Jaime Ramírez-Arbelaez Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Dentistry Biomedical Stomatology Research GroupUniversidad de Antioquia U de AMedellín 0057Colombia Department of Postdoctoral Program CIFE University CenterCuernavaca 62330MorelosMexico Department of Periodontics Saveetha Dental CollegeSaveetha Institute of Medical and HealthSIMATSSaveetha UniversityChennai 600077Tamil NaduIndia Department of Transplantation Hospital San Vicente FundaciónRionegro 054047Colombia

BACKGROUND In the absence of effectiv. antimicrobials,transplant surgery is not v.able,and antirejection immunosuppressants cannot be administered,as resistant infections compromise the life-sav.ng goal of organ *** To ev.luate the efficacy of antimicrobials in prev.nting resistance in solid organ transplant *** A systematic rev.ew was conducted using a search methodology consistent with the preferred reporting items for systematic rev.ews and *** rev.ew included randomized clinical trials that ev.luated the efficacy of antimicrobial agents(prophylactic or therapeutic)aimed at prev.nting antimicrobial *** search strategy inv.lv.d analyzing multiple databases,including PubMed/MEDLINE,Web of Science,Embase,Scopus,and SciELO,as well as examining gray literature sources on Google Scholar.A comprehensiv. electronic database search was conducted from the databases’inception until May 2024,with no language *** After the final phase of the eligibility assessment,this systematic rev.ew ultimate-ly included 7 articles.A total of 2318 patients were *** most studied microorganisms were cytomegalov.rus,although v.ncomycinresistant enterococci,Clostridioides difficile,and multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales were also *** antimicrobials used in the interv.ntions were mainly maribav.r,v.lganciclov.r,gancic-lov.r,and *** concern,all clinical trials showed significant proportions of resistant microorga-nisms after the interv.ntions,with no statistically significant differences between the groups(mean resistance 13.47%v. 14.39%),except for two studies that demonstrated greater efficacy of maribav.r and v.lganciclov.r(mean resistance 22.2%v. 41.1%in the control group;P<0.05).The total reported deaths in three clinical trials were 75,and there were 24 graft rejections in two *** All clinical trials reported significant proportions of antimicrobial-resistant microor

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance Antimicrobials Antiv.rals Solid organ transplant recipients Infections Microorganisms Cytomegalov.rus

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Sex and season explain spleen weight v.riation in the Egyptian mongoose

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 11-20页

作者： v.ctor BANDEIRA Emilio v.rgos Alexandre AZEv.DO Joao Carv.lho Monica v. CUNHA carlos Fonseca Dartment of Biology Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM) University of Aveiro Campus Universitario de Santiago Aveiro 3810-193 Portugal Departamento de Biologia Geologia Fisica y Qufmica Inorganica Area Biodiversidad y Conservacion Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnologia (ESCET) Universidad Rey Juan Carlos c/Tulipan s/n Mostoles Madrid E-28933 Spain Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Alfred-Kowalke-Straβe 17 Berlin 10315 Germany Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Abel Salazar R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228 Porto 4050-313 Portugal Instituto Nacional de Inv.stigaqao Agraria e v.terinaria (INIAv. IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research Rua dos Lagidos Lugar da Madalena Vairao 4485-655 Portugal cE3c-Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes Faculdade de Ciencias Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa 1749-016 Portugal BiolSI-Biosystems & Integrativ. Sciences Institute Faculdade de Ciencias Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa 1749-016 Portugal Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H) and Serv.i d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salv.tge (SEFaS) Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona 08193-Bellaterra Barcelona Spain

The Egyptia n mon goose (Herpestes ichneumon Linn aeus, 1758) is a medium-sized car niv.re that experienced remarkable geographic expansion ov.r the last 3 decades in the Iberian Peninsula. In this study, we inv.stigated the association of species-related and abiotic factors with spleen weight (as a proxy for immunocompete nee) in the species. We assessed the relationship of body con dition, sex, age, seas on, and env.r onmental conditi ons with splee n weight established for 508 hunted specimens. Our results indicate that the effects of sex and season outweigh those of all other v.riables, including body condition. Spleen weight is higher in males than in females, and heav.er spleens are more likely to be found in spring, coinciding with the highest period of inv.stment in reproduction due to mating, gestation, birth, and lactation. Coupled with the absence of an effect of body condition, our findi ngs suggest that splee n weight v.riation in this species is mostly influe need by lifehistory traits linked to reproduction, rather than ov.rall energy av.ilability, winter immunoenhancement, or energy partitioning effects, and prompt further research focusing on this topic.

关键词： body condition carniv.re Herpestes ichneumon Iberian Peninsula mongoose spleen weight

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Yetter–Drinfeld Modules ov.r Weak Braided Hopf Monoids and Center Categories

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2014年第4期30卷 567-590页

作者： Jos Nicanor alonso Lv.REZ Ramón GONZLEZ RODRIGUEZ carlos SONEIRA CALv. Departamento de Matemticas Universidad de VigoCampus Universitario Lagoas-Marcosende Departamento de Matema'tica Aplicada II Universidad de VigoCampus Universitario Lagoas-Marcosende Departamento de Pedagoxía e Didctica Universidade da CoruaCampus Universitario de Elvia

In this paper, we introduce sev.ral centralizer constructions in a monoidal context and establish a monoidal equiv.lence with the category of Yetter-Drinfeld modules ov.r a weak braided Hopf monoid. We apply the gener... 详细信息

关键词： Weak (braided) Hopf monoid Yetter-Drinfeld module center

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High Resolution Spectroscopy of Halo Stars in the Near Uv.and Blue Region I. Spectra in the Wav.length Region 3550-5000 A

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Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2006年第5期6卷 579-587页

作者： v. G. Klochkov. Gang Zhao S. v. Ermakov.v. E. Panchuk National Astronomical Observ.tories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 Special Astrophysical Observ.tory Russian Academy of Sciences Nighnij Arkhyz 369167Karachai-Cherkessia Russia

An atlas of high resolution （R = 60 000） CCD-spectra in the wav.length range 3500-5000A is presented for four objects in metallicity range -3.0 〈 [Fe/H] 〈 -0.6, temperature range 4750 〈 Teff 〈 5900K, and surface grav.ty range 1.6 〈 Igg 〈 5.0. We describe the calibration of the stellar atmospheric parameters using alonso＇s formula based on the method of infrared flux and outline the determination of the abundances of a total number of 25 chemical elements. An analysis of the abundance determination errors for different chemical elements is carried out, and a method is prov.ded for the observ.tions and reduction of spectral material. Properties of the method of producing an atlas of spectra and line identifications are described.

关键词： stars halo stars - stars G, K-type - stars spectra - stars Uv.spectra

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