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Memory for location and visual cues in white-eared hummingbirds Hylocharis leucotis

Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 468-476页

作者： Guillermo PEREZ carlos lara Jose VICCON-PALE Martha SIGNORET-POILLON Doctorado en Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana. Unidad Xochimilco. Calzada del Hueso 1100 Col. Villa Quietud 04960 Moxico D.F. Moxico Laboratorio de Ecologfa de la Conducta Centro Tlaxcala de Biologfa de la Conducta UAT-UNAM Km 1.5 carretera Tlaxcala- Puebla s/n Colonia Xicohtoncatl Apdo. Postal 262 Tlaxcala Tlaxcala 90070 Moxico. Departamento el Hombre y su Ambiente. Universidad Autdnoma Metropolitana. Unidad Xochimilco. Calzada del Hueso 1100 Col. Villa Quietud 04960 MExico D.F. Mexico

In nature hummingbirds face floral resources whose availability, quality and quantity can vary spatially and temporally. Thus, they must constantly make foraging decisions about which patches, plants and flowers to visit, partly as a function of the nectar reward. The uncertainty of these decisions would possibly be reduced if an individual could remember locations or use visual cues to avoid revisiting recently depleted flowers. In the present study, we carried out field experiments with white-eared hummingbirds Hylocharis leucotis, to evaluate their use of locations or visual cues when foraging on natural flowers Penstemon roseus. We evaluated the use of spatial memory by observing birds while they were foraging between two plants and within a single plant. Our results showed that hummingbirds prefer to use location when foraging in two plants, but they also use visual cues to efficiently locate unvisited rewarded flowers when they feed on a single plant. However, in absence of visual cues, in both experiments birds mainly used the location of previously visited flowers to make subsequent visits. Our data suggest that hummingbirds are capable of learning and employing this flexibility depending on the faced environmental conditions and the information acquired in previous visits [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 468-476, 2011].

关键词： Visual cues Location White-eared hummingbird Foraging

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Gut passage of epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungi by two opportunistic mycophagous rodents

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Current Zoology 2011年第3期57卷 293-299页

作者： Citlalli CASTILLO-GUEVARAl Josette SIERRA Gema GALINDO-FLORES Mariana CUAUTLE carlos lara Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Autonoma de Tlaxcala Km 10.5 Autopista Tlaxcala-San Martin Texmelucan San Felipe Ixtacuixtla Tlaxcala 90120 Mexico Departamento de Quimica y Biologfa Universidad de las Americas-Puebla Ex-hacienda Sta Catarina Martir s/n Cholula Puebla 72810 Mexico Centro Tlaxcala de Biologia de la Conducta Universidad Autdnoma de Tlaxcala-UNAM Carretera Tlaxcala-Puebla Km 1.5 s/n Tlaxcala Tlaxcala 90070 Mexico

Mycophagists can influence fungal diversity within their home ranges by ensuring the continued and effective dispersal of spores from one site to another. However, the passage of spores through the digestive tract of vertebrates can affect the activity and viability of the spores ingested. This phenomenon has been rarely documented in opportunistic mycophagists consuming epigeous fungi. Using laboratory experiments, we investigated the activity and viability of spores of two epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungal species （Laccaria trichodermophora and SuiUus tomentosus） after passage through the digestive tract of two opportunistic mycophagous small rodents, the volcano mouse Peromyscus alstoni and the deer mouse P maniculatus. We found that passage through the gut of either species of rodent had a significant effect on spore activity and viability for both fungal species. The proportion of active spores （0.37-0.40） of L. trichodermophora in the feces of both species of rodents was less than that recorded for the control （0.82）. However, the proportion of active spores （0.644）.73） of S. tomentosus in the feces of each species of rodent was higher than in the control （0.40）. On the other hand, the viability of spores was lower （0.26-0.30 in L. trichodermophora and 0.604）.69 in S. tomentosus） for both fungi when consumed by either rodent relative to the controls （0.90 in L. trichodermophora and 0.82 in S. tomentosus）. These findings suggest that these rodent species may be effective dispersers of both epigeous fungi [Current Zoology 57 （3）： 293-299, 2011].

关键词： Gut passage Epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungi Mexico Spore activity and viability Peromyscus

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Unravelling host-mediated effects on hemiparasitic Mexican mistletoe Psittacanthus calyculatus(DC.)*** traits linked to mutualisms with pollinators and seed dispersers

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第6期11卷 827-842页

作者： Sandra Rodríguez-Mendieta carlos lara Juan Francisco Ornelas Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcalakm 10.5 Carretera San Martín Texmelucan-TolucaSan Felipe IxtacuixtlaTlaxcala 90120Mexico Departamento de Biología Evolutiva Instituto de EcologíaA.C.(INECOL)Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351XalapaVeracruz 91080Mexico

Aims While the influence of mistletoe-host interactions on each other’s evolution is well-recognized,the role of interactions between mis-tletoes and its mutualistic pollinators and seed dispersers mediated by host species is relatively *** Here,we examine the effects of host species(Mexican hawthorn Crataegus mexicana DC,black cherry Prunus serotina Ehrh.,leather-leaf Mexican oak Quercus crassipes Bonpl.)on flower morphology,nectar production,pollinator visitation rate and female reproduct-ive fitness in hemiparasitic Mexican mistletoe Psittacanthus caly-culatus(DC.)***(Loranthaceae)populations at three different *** first measured the lengths of corolla,style,stamen,exerted stamen and anther,the length and width of the ovary and nectar availability for mistletoe flowers in natural ***,we evaluated flower visitation and measured(length and width)and weighed the fruits and its seeds of mistletoes growing on each of the three host ***,we evaluated the effects of host species,location and flower traits on fruit or seed size variation(both as proxies of reproductive fitness).Important Findings We found mistletoes growing on natural hosts *** and *** produced larger flowers,fruits and seeds than mistle-toes on cultivated ***,these differences varied across *** amount of available nectar and hummingbird vis-itation rates in flowers of mistletoes on *** was higher at the three sites than in flowers of mistletoes on *** or *** effects of host species,study site and floral trait covariates affected significantly all fitness measures,indicating that mistletoes’reproductive fitness is affected differently depending on the host species and their site of *** host-associated differ-ences in reproduction might have implications for interactions with mutualistic vectors.

关键词： floral and fruit traits hosts hummingbirds local host adaptation mistletoes nectar parasitic plants pollination Psittacanthus

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Factors affecting the dominance hierarchy dynamics in a hummingbird assemblage

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Current Zoology 2019年第3期65卷 261-268页

作者： Ubaldo MARQUEZ-LUNA carlos lara Pablo CORCUERA Pedro Luis VALVERDE Doctorado en Ciencias Biologicas y de la Salud Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-lztapalapa Ciudad de Mexico Mexico Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Biologicas Universidad Autonoma de Tlaxcala. Km 10.5 Autopista Tlaxcala-San Martin Texmelucan San Felipe Ixtacuixtla Tlaxcala Mexico Departamento de Biologia Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-lztapalapa Ciudad de Mexico

Intra and in terspecific competiti on for n ectar play an imports nt role in hummingbird communities. Larger sized species usually exclude smaller species from the rich floral resources. However, it has been recently postulated that the competitive advantages of a large body size decline as the evolutionary distance between the contending species in creases. In this study, we analyzed dominance hierarchy dynamics in a hummingbird assemblage in central Mexico. By monitoring hummingbird territories established in three plant species through 1 year, we assessed the effects of energy within territories and the territory owners identity in the frequency of inter and intraspecific encounters. We also evaluated if these factors affect the dominance of larger species when they compete against smaller distantly related contenders. Our results show that their frequency of intraspecific encounters was related with the identity of the territory's owner. On the contrary, the frequency of interspecific encounters was related with both the territory and the identity of the territory's owner. We did not find a significant difference between the number of encounters dominated by larger and smaller species and their conte nders. However, the in crease in genetic dista nee between contenders was positively associated with a higher frequency of encounters dominated by small *** results showed that the ecological factors and evolutionary relationships among contenders play important roles in the dominance hierarchy dynamics.

关键词： agonistic behavior competition hummingbirds resource quality territoriality

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Temporal-spatial segregation among hummingbirds foraging on honeydew in a temperate forest in Mexico

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Current Zoology 2011年第1期57卷 56-62页

作者： carlos lara Vanessa MARTINEZ-GARCIA Raul ORTIZ-PULIDO Jessica BRAVO-CADENA Salvador LORANCA Alex CORDOBA-AGUILAR Laboratorio de Ecologfa de la Conducta Centro Tlaxcala de Biologfa de la Conducta UAT-UNAM Km 1.5 carretera Tlaxcala- Puebla s/n Colonia Xicohtencatl Apdo. Postal 262 Tlaxcala Tlaxcala 90070 Mexico Laboratorio de Ecologfa de Poblaciones. Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas. Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo Mexico Departamento de Quimica y Biologia. Universidad de las Ameficas-Puebla. Cholula Puebla Mexico Departamento de Ecologfa Evolutiva. lnstituto de Ecologfa Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Distrito Federal Mexico

Spatial and temporal variation in interactions between hummingbirds and plants have often been examined, and hummingbirds and insects are known to indirectly interact in networks of nectar plants. In a highland temperate forest in Hidalgo, Mexico some oak trees were heavily infested by honeydew-producing insects （family Margarodidae, tribe Xylococcini, genus Strigmacoccus） and the honeydew was consumed by hummingbirds. Here using survival analysis we investigate how the honey- dew produced by dense populations of these margarodids is temporally and spatially partitioned by hummingbirds. We also measured the availability and quality of honeydew exudates, and then we recorded the time until a bird visited and used such re- sources. Four hummingbird species consumed this resource （Atthis eloisa, Hylocharis leucotis, Colibri thalassinus and Eugenes fulgens）. Data from 294 hours of observation on seven focal trees suggested temporal and spatial segregation among visiting birds according to body size and territorial behavior during the most honeydew-limited time. Hummingbird species differed in the dally times they foraged, as well as in the location where honeydew-producing insects were visited on the trees. Temporal and spatial segregation among hummingbird species is interpreted as an adaptation to reduce the risk of aggressive encounters. This may facilitate multispecies coexistence and allow these birds to exploit honeydew more effectively

关键词： Honeydew Hummingbirds Mexico Nectarivory Niche partitioning

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Contribution of mechanical forces to structural synaptic plasticity:insights from 3D cellular motility mechanisms

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1995-1996页

作者： Rita O.Teodoro Mafalda Ribeiro Ramos lara Carvalho iNOVA4Health NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências MédicasNMS|FCMUniversidade Nova de LisboaLisboaPortugal

Cells,tissues,and organs are constantly subjected to the action of mechanical forces from the extracellular environment-and the nervous system is no ***-intrinsic properties such as membrane lipid composition,abundance of mechanosensors,and cytoskeletal dynamics make cells more or less likely to sense these *** and extrinsic cues are integrated by cells and this combined information determines the rate and dynamics of membrane protrusion growth or retraction(Yamada and Sixt,2019).Cell protrusions are extensions of the plasma membrane that play crucial roles in diverse contexts such as cell migration and neuronal synapse *** the nervous system,neurons are highly dynamic cells that can change the size and number of their pre-and postsynaptic elements(called synaptic boutons and dendritic spines,respectively),in response to changes in the levels of synaptic activity through a process called *** plasticity is a hallmark of the nervous system and is present throughout our lives,being required for functions like memory formation or the learning of new motor skills(Minegishi et al.,2023;Pillai and Franze,2024).

关键词： plasticity structural mechanisms

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Reassessing the AMPK-MTORC1 balance in autophagy in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3209-3210页

作者： Marta García-Juan Mario Villa Irene Benito-Cuesta lara Ordónez-Gutiérrez Francisco Wandosell Centro de Biología Molecular“Severo Ochoa”(CSIC-UAM) Nicolas Cabrera 1Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Fisiología Animal Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Department of Clinical Neuroscience CMM Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset SolnaStockholmSweden Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Universidad Complutense de MadridMadridSpain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas(CIBERNED) MadridSpain

Autophagy is a cellular degradation and recycling system,indispensable for cellular and organ development,homeostasis,and *** cellular process is evolutionarily highly conserved to quality control of many proteins and dysfunctional organelles,which finally recycle components as amino *** process is effective during normal physiology as part of anabolism and plays an additional important role during starvation(Dikic and Elazar,2018).Different types of autophagy have been chara cterized based on their dynamic,mechanism of action,target substrates,and protein *** of them are macroautophagy(hereafter called"autophagy"),microa utophagy,and chape rone-media ted autophagy(Fleming et al.,2022).

关键词： homeostasis system hereafter

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Design of microaerobically inducible miniR1 plasmids

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mLife 2023年第1期2卷 101-104页

作者： Fabiola Islas Andrea Sabido Juan-carlos Sigala Alvaro R.lara Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología Universidad Autónoma MetropolitanaCiudad de MexicoMéxico

Plasmid DNA(pDNA)is the active pharmaceutical ingredient in the so-called DNA vaccines1 and in gene therapy *** first pDNA vaccine for use in humans,which has shown high protection against SARS-CoV-2,was recently appr... 详细信息

关键词： inducible products. template

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Efficient metallization of magnetite concentrate by reduction with agave bagasse as a source of reducing agents

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2021年第4期28卷 603-611页

作者： Diana Cholico-González NoemíOrtiz lara Mario Alberto Sánchez Miranda Ricardo Morales Estrella Ramiro Escudero García carlos ALeón Patiño CONACYT-Metallurgy and Materials Research Institute Michoacana University of San Nicolás de HidalgoMorelia CP 58030Mexico Metallurgy and Materials Research Institute Michoacana University of San Nicolás de HidalgoMorelia CP 58030Mexico

The reduction behavior and metallization degree of magnetite concentrate with agave bagasse were investigated in an inert *** effects of temperature,biomass content,and residence time on reduction experiments and metallization degree were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron *** with other types of biomass,agave bagasse had lower contents of nitrogen,sulfur,and ash.X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the metallization degree improved with increasing temperature and biomass *** metallization was achieved at 1100℃ for 30 min with 65:35 and 50:50 ratios of the magnetite concentrate to the agave *** results demonstrate that agave bagasse promotes the efficient metallization of magnetite concentrate without the external addition of a reducing ***,this biomass is a technical suitable alternative to replace fossil fuels in steelmaking.

关键词： magnetite concentrate agave bagasse biomass reduction metallization degree

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Metastatic colorectal cancer-past,progress and future

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第28期13卷 3806-3815页

作者： Kathryn Field lara Lipton Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Haematology Western HospitalFootscray 3011VictoriaAustralia

The clinical management of metastatic （stage IV） colorectal cancer （CRC） is a common challenge faced by surgeons and physicians. The last decade has seen exciting developments in the management of CRC, with significant improvements in prognosis for patients diagnosed with stage IV disease. Treatment options have expanded from 5-fluorouracil alone to a range of pharmaceutical and interventional therapies, improving survival, and providing a cure in selected cases. Enhanced understanding of the biologic pathways most important in colorectal carcinogenesis has led to a new generation of drugs showing promise in advanced disease. It is hoped that in the near future the treatment paradigm of metastatic CRC will be analogous to that of a chronic illness, rather than a rapidly terminal condition. This overview discusses the epidemiology of advanced CRC and currently available therapeutic options including medical, surgical, ablative and novel modalities in the management of metastatic colorectal cancer.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Metastases Chemotherapy Oncology Biological therapies

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