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Integrative Zoology 2023年第6期18卷 981-993页

作者： carlos LÁZARO JoséLuis GUZMÁN Fabián CASAS carlos SÁNCHEZ-garc.a Department of Research Fundación ArtemisanCiudad RealSpain Department of Zoology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain

The Iberian hare(Lepus granatensis)is an endemic species distributed in Spain and *** outbreaks affecting this species were detected in 2018 in Central and Southern Spain,spreading *** to evaluate factors affecting the status of hare population after the arrival of myxomatosis,we conducted 108 nocturnal hare counts in Central Spain during two study periods(winter/spring and summer/autumn)in 54 different hunting grounds,covering 1071 km and observing 884 *** mean density in winter/spring was 7.66 hares/100 ha,(range 6.14-9.54/100 ha),while in summer/autumn,it was 3.4 hares/100 ha(range 2.6-4.4/100 ha).Densities of hares were not affected by the dominant habitat and the presence/absence of myxomatosis *** were more abundant at hunting grounds at a higher altitude and in those conducting targeted management,while detection of myxomatosis was related to lower altitude and higher levels of game management.A MaxEnt model used to generate a risk map for myxomatosis occurrence showed that the temperature annual range was the most important predictor,which suggests that environmental factors affecting myxomatosis vectors(mosquitoes,fleas,and ticks)could play a key role in disease *** myxomatosis in hares is becoming endemic,hare densities may be improved by game management and the monitoring and surveillance of this emerging *** surveillance programs could be the basis of effective collaborations between hunters,researchers,and environmental managers.

关键词： game management habitat Iberian hare MaxEnt monitoring myxomatosis

Energy autonomous electronic skin

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npj Flexible Electronics 2019年第1期3卷 1-24页

作者： carlos garc.a Núñez Libu Manjakkal Ravinder Dahiya Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies(BEST)Group School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowG128QQ GlasgowUK Scottish Universities Physics Alliance(SUPA) Institute of Thin FilmsSensors&Imaging(TFSI)University of the West of ScotlandPaisley PA12BEUK

Energy autonomy is key to the next generation portable and wearable systems for several *** these,the electronic-skin or e-skin is currently a matter of intensive investigations due to its wider applicability in areas,ranging from robotics to digital health,fashion and internet of things(IoT).The high density of multiple types of electronic components(***,actuators,electronics,etc.)required in e-skin,and the need to power them without adding heavy batteries,have fuelled the development of compact flexible energy systems to realize self-powered or energy-autonomous *** compact and wearable energy systems consisting of energy harvesters,energy storage devices,low-power electronics and efficient/wireless power transfer-based technologies,are expected to revolutionize the market for wearable systems and in particular for *** paper reviews the development in the field of self-powered e-skin,particularly focussing on the available energy-harvesting technologies,high capacity energy storage devices,and high efficiency power transmission *** paper highlights the key challenges,critical design strategies,and most promising materials for the development of an energy-autonomous e-skin for robotics,prosthetics and wearable *** paper will complement other reviews on e-skin,which have focussed on the type of sensors and electronics components.

关键词： electronic autonomous harvesting

Landform Instability and Land-use Dynamics in Tropical High Mountains, Central Mexico

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第3期9卷 414-430页

作者： garc.a-ROMERO Arturo ACEVES-QUESADA José Fernando ARREDONDO-LEóN carlos Departamento de Geografía Física Instituto de Geografía Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito exterior s/n Ciudad Universitaria 04510 Mexico Distrito Federal Mexico Unidad Académica de Estudios Regionales de la Coordinación de Humanidades Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

This investigation is an analysis of the influence of landform instability on the distribution of land-use dynamics in a hydrographical basin, located in the Mexican Volcanic Belt mountain range (central Mexico), currently affected by substantial changes in land use and deforestation. A landform map was produced, in addition to seven attribute maps - altimetry, drainage density, slope, relief energy, potential erosion, geology and tectonics - which were considered as factors for determining landform instability through Multi-criteria Evaluation Analysis. Likewise, the direction and rhythm of land-use dynamics were analyzed in four dates - between 1976 and 2000 - and cross tabulations were made between them, in order to analyze the trends and processes of land-use dynamics. Afterwards, the databases obtained were cross tabulated with the landform variables to derive areas, percentages and correlation indices. In the study area, high-instability landforms are associated with most ancient volcanic and sedimentary landforms, where high altitude, drainage density, slope and potential to develop gravitational and fluvial processes are the major factors favouring a land-use pattern, dominated by the conservation of extensive forest land, abandonment of human land use and regeneration of disturbed areas. In contrast, low-instability landforms correspond to alluvial plains and lava hills covered by pyroclasts, where low potential erosion to develop fluvial processes, added to water and soil availability and accessibility, have favoured a land-use pattern dominated by the expansion of agroforestry plantations and human settlements, showing a marked trend towards either intensification or permanence of the current land use and with little abandonment and regeneration.

关键词： Landform instability Multi-criteriaEvaluation Analysis Land-use change and processes Tuxpan River Basin

A Protocol for Fractal Studies on Porosity of Porous Media: High Quality Soil Porosity Images

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第5期28卷 888-896页

作者： carlos garc.a-Gutiérrez Fernando San José Martínez J.Caniego Dpto.Matemática Aplicada E.T.S.I.Navales Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Dpto.Matemática Aplicada E.T.S.I.Agrónomos Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

A protocol for obtaining digital images from natural porous media with a wide range of pore sizes, intended for fractal studies of the porosity, is proposed. Soil porosity is used as para- digm of complex natural porous media in this study. The use of several imaging devices and fluores- cent compounds to enhance the contrast between the solid and the pore phase is tested. Finally a protocol is reached using a photo camera and a confocal microscope. It is the first time that confocal microscopy is used for this purpose. Artificial porous images are created through random Sierpinski carpet fractals and the statistical information of real soil images. These ground truth images are used in an objective comparison of automatic segmentation algorithms for the obtained images. A statistical classification on the performance of several automatic segmentation algorithms for this tv^e of images is reached.

关键词： porous media micromorphology image segmentation confocal microscope fractal,porosity photography.

Human-environmental interaction with extreme hydrological events and climate change scenarios as background

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Geography and Sustainability 2022年第3期3卷 232-236页

作者： carlos Sánchez-garc.a Marcos Francos PaleoRisk Research Group Geography DepartmentFaculty of Geography and HistoryUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaEspaña IPHES Catalan Institute for Human Palaeoecology and Social Evolution TarragonaEspaña Department of Geography Faculty of Geography and HistoryUniversity of SalamancaCervantes s/n37002SalamancaSpain Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule(CIEAM) Universidad Católica del MauleAv.San Miguel 36053466706TalcaChile

Climate change significantly impacts the lives of all *** change is composed of multiple factors that affect the population differently,having a very significant impact in the Mediterranean *** beings,through their actions,try to mitigate this impact and thus generate a more resilient *** hydro-logical events are affected by this climate change,with torrential rainfall events and severe droughts becoming *** these trends will allow us to better adapt to future *** study aims to analyse catastrophic floods and severe droughts from paleo studies to studies that focus on future *** this purpose,a search for information has been carried out through other studies over the last five years to have a current perspective of this *** point to changes in the dynamics of floods and droughts,not only worsening the extremes but also affecting the average values of the records of *** addition,the studies point out that anthropic action is accelerating the changes,with human beings and their capacity to adapt being infe-rior to the velocity of this global *** is necessary to generate a paradigm shift in terms of global production by trying to adapt to future extreme flood and drought hazards.

关键词： Climate change Flood hazard Human disaster management Historical floods

Sequential Multiscale Modeling Using Sparse Representation

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Communications in Computational Physics 2008年第10期4卷 1025-1033页

作者： carlos J.garc.a-Cervera Weiqing Ren Jianfeng Lu Weinan E Mathematics Department University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York UniversityNew YorkNY 10012USA Program in Applied and ComputationalMathematics Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08544USA Department of Mathematics and PACM Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08544USA

The main obstacle in sequential multiscale modeling is the pre-computation of the constitutive relationwhich often involvesmany independent *** constitutive relation of a polymeric fluid is a function of six variables,even after making the simplifying assumption that stress depends only on the rate of *** such a function is usually considered too *** the value of sequential multiscale modeling is often limited to“parameter passing”.Here we demonstrate that sparse representations can be used to drastically reduce the computational cost for precomputing functions of many *** strategy dramatically increases the efficiency of sequential multiscale modeling,making it very competitive in many situations.

关键词： Multiscale modeling sparse grids

Depth to the bottom of magnetic layer in South America and its relationship to Curie isotherm,Moho depth and seismicity behavior

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2018年第1期9卷 93-107页

作者： Javier Idárraga-garc.a carlos A.Vargas Research Group on Geophysics Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotáColombia Deportment of Geosciences.Universidad Nacional de Colombia.Bogota.Colombia

We have estimated the DBML（depth to the bottom of the magnetic layer） in South America from the inversion of magnetic anomaly data extracted from the EMAG2 grid. The results show that the DBML values, interpreted as the Curie isotherm, vary between -10 and -60 km. The deepest values（〉-45） are mainly observed forming two anomalous zones in the central part of the Andes Cordillera. To the east of the Andes, in most of the stable cratonic area of South America, intermediate values（between -25 and-45 km） are predominant. The shallowest values（〈-25 km） are present in northwestern corner of South America, southern Patagonia, and in a few sectors to the east of the Andes Cordillera. Based on these results, we estimated the heat flow variations along the study area and found a very good correlation with the DBML. Also striking is the observation that the thermal anomalies of low heat flow are closely related to segments of flat subduction, where the presence of a cold and thick subducting oceanic slab beneath the continent, with a virtual absence of hot mantle wedge, leads to a decrease in the heat transfer from the deeper parts of the *** comparing our results with the Moho depths reported by other authors, we have found that the Curie isotherm is deeper than Moho in most of the South American Platform（northward to -20°S）, which is located in the stable cratonic area at the east of the Andes. This is evidence that the lithospheric mantle here is magnetic and contributes to the long wavelength magnetic signal. Also, our results support the hypothesis that the Curie isotherm may be acting as a boundary above which most of the crustal seismicity is concentrated. Below this boundary the occurrence of seismic events decreases dramatically.

关键词： Magnetic layer depth Curie isotherm Heat flow Crustal seismicity Flat subduction South America

Animal models of portal hypertension

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第41期12卷 6577-6584页

作者： Juan G Abraldes Marcos Pasarín Juan carlos garc.a-Pagán Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory Liver UnitICMDiMHospital ClinicIDIBAPSUniversity of BarcelonaSpain

Animal models have allowed detailed study of hemodynamic alterations typical of portal hypertension and the molecular mechanisms involved in abnormalities in splanchnic and systemic circulation associated with this syndrome. Models of prehepatic portal hypertension can be used to study alterations in the splanchnic circulation and the pathophysiology of the hyperdynamic circulation. Models of cirrhosis allow study of the alterations in intrahepatic microcirculation that lead to increased resistance to portal flow. This review summarizes the currently available literature on animal models of portal hypertension and analyzes their relative utility. The criteria for choosing a particular model, depending on the specific objectives of the study, are also discussed.

关键词： Cirrhosis Nitric Oxide Portal vein

Abiotic and biotic drivers of struvite solubilization in contrasting soils

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Pedosphere 2023年第6期33卷 828-837页

作者： Antonio RUIZ-NAVARRO Manuel DELGADO-BAQUERIZO Concha CANO-DíAZ carlos garc.a Felipe BASTIDA Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas(CEBAS-CSIC)Department of Soil and Water ConservationEspinardoMurcia E-30100Spain ICL Specialty Fertilizers Iberia TotanaMurcia E-30850Spain Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistemico Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla(IRNAS)CSICAv.Reina Mercedes 10Sevilla E-41012Spain IRNAS-CSIC Unidad Asociada Universidad Pablo de OlavideUniversidad Pablo de Olavide(UPO)Sevilla 41013Spain Centre for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability(CISAS) Instituto Politecnico de Viana do Castelo(IPVC)Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial Nun'Alvares 34Viana do Castelo 4900-347Portugal

Phosphorus(P) limitation in the coming decades calls for the utilization of alternative fertilizers in agriculture. Struvite is a promising P source, but its potential role as a fertilizer is dependent on different physical, chemical, and biological properties, which are very heterogeneous in soil, complicating the prediction of the best soil conditions for its application. Here, we evaluated the solubility of struvite in soil, its redistribution into P fractions, and its potential abiotic and biotic drivers in 62 globally distributed soils with contrasting properties through an incubation assay. We found that after 40 d, about 35% of struvite P was redistributed into soil fractions more accessible to plants and microbes. Phosphorus redistribution from struvite was driven by a complex suite of soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties as well as environmental factors that varied across soils. Soil texture played a critical role in determining the redistribution of P in struvite-amended soils in soluble(H2O extraction), labile(NaHCO3 extraction), and moderately labile(NaOH extraction) *** addition, the soil solution cation concentration was one of the most important drivers of available struvite-derived P fractions. The great importance of texture and cations in determining struvite-derived P fractions in soil was contrasted with the relatively minor role of pH. At the microbial level, the number of bacterial operational taxonomic units(OTUs) from the unfertilized soils that correlated with struvite-derived P fractions was higher than that of fungi. The number of OTUs that correlated with the struvite-derived soluble P fraction was dominated by fungi, whereas the number of OTUs that correlated with the struvite-derived labile P fraction was dominated by bacteria. Overall, this study provided a predictive framework for the potential use of struvite as a P fertilizer in contrasting soils.

关键词： bacteria fungi environmental factor operational taxonomic unit phosphorus fertilizer phosphorus fraction phosphorus solubilization soil fertility soil property

Nature and evolution of the lower crust under central Spain:Inferences from granulite xenoliths(Calatrava Volcanic Field-Spanish central system)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第3期14卷 10-32页

作者： David Orejana carlos Villaseca Marlina A.Elburg Enrique Merino-Martínez Javier garc.a Serrano Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología Universidad Complutense de MadridSpain Departamento de Dinámica Terrestre y Observación de la Tierra Instituto de Geociencias IGEO(UCMCSIC)MadridSpain Department of Geology University of JohannesburgSouth Africa Instituto Geológico y Minero de España–Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CN IGME–CSIC

So far,the nature and evolution of the lower crust under central Spain have been constrained mainly on the basis of a heterogeneous suite of granulite xenoliths from the Spanish Central System(SCS).In recent years,ultramafic volcanics from the Calatrava Volcanic Field(CVF)have also provided deep-seated crustal xenoliths which have not been studied in *** data,combining mineral,whole-rock and isotopic geochemistry with U–Pb–Hf isotope ratios in zircons from the CVF and SCS xenoliths,highlight the felsic composition of the lower crust under central Iberia.A number of the Calatrava xenoliths represents Variscan igneous protoliths,which are a minor population in the SCS,and were likely formed by crystallisation of intermediate and felsic melts in the lower crust during the Variscan orogeny(leucodiorite protolith age of 314±3 Ma and leucogranite protolith age of 308±2.5 Ma).U–Pb data of metamorphic zircons show that granulite-facies metamorphism mainly occurred from 299 to 285 Ma in both *** ages are slightly younger than those of granitic intrusions that could be genetically related to the granulitic residue,which points to a main role of U–Pb isotope resetting in lower crustal zircons during HT or UHT *** zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopic ratios support the idea that the lower crust in central Iberia consists mainly of Ordovician–Neoproterozoic metaigneous and metasedimentary rocks associated with the Cadomian continental arc of northern *** rocks provide evidence of mixing between juvenile magmas and an enriched crustal component,ultimately extracted from an Eburnean *** more evolved components present in detrital zircons are likely related to recycling of Archean crust derived from North Africa cratonic terranes.

关键词： Granulite xenoliths U-Pb geochronology Lu-Hf isotopes Calatrava Volcanic Field Spanish central system