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Fluid dynamics analysis and pyrolysis of brewer’s spent grain in a spouted bed reactor

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Particuology 2019年第1期17卷 199-207页

作者： marcos A.S. Barrozo Lidja D.m.S. Borel Taísa S. Lira carlos H. Ataíde School of Chemical Engineering Federal University of UberlandiaBrazil Department of Engineering and Technologies Federal University of Espirito SantoBrazil

Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is a large-scale agroindustrial waste that could be more efficiently utilized. This waste is composed of lignocellulosic material and so may serve as a good source of biomass for thermochemical conversion. The present study investigated the fluid dynamics behavior of mixtures of sand and BSG in a spouted bed to assess the viability of the thermochemical conversion of this biomass via fast pyrolysis. Fluid dynamics analyses were performed while varying the mass fraction of BSG (6–80%) and the static bed height (6.6–13.4 cm). Empirical equations for predicting the minimum spouting conditions and the mixing index were obtained using a regression technique, and the selected fluid dynamics parameters were employed in the spouted bed pyrolysis. The bio-oil resulting from this process was rich in phenolic compounds, various nitrogenated compounds (representing precursors for pharmaceuticals) and long-chain hydrocarbons. The products obtained from the analytical and spouted bed pyrolysis processes were also compared.

关键词： Brewer’s spent grain Agroindustrial residue Spouted bed Fast pyrolysis Particle mixing

Nutrient cycling and greenhouse gas emissions from soil amended with biochar-manure mixtures

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Pedosphere 2021年第2期31卷 289-302页

作者： carlos m.ROmERO Chunli LI Jen OWENS Gabriel O.RIBEIRO Tim A.mCALLISTER Erasmus OKINE Xiying HAO Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge Research and Development CentreLethbridgeAlberta T1J 4B1(Canada) Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Arts&SciencesUniversity of LethbridgeLethbridgeAlberta T1K 3M4(Canada) Department of Animal and Poultry Science University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewan S7N 5A8(Canada)

Integrating biochar into cattle diets has recently emerged as a potential management practice for improving on-farm ***,information concerning the cycling of biochar-manure mixtures is scarce.A 70-d incubation experiment was conducted within two surface(0–15 cm)mollisols with contrasting textures,i.e.,sandy clay loam(Raymond)and clayey(Lethbridge),to evaluate the effects of biochar(3 mg ha^(-1))on cumulative greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and related fertility attributes in the presence or absence of cattle manure(120 mg ha^(-1)).Five treatments were included:i)non-amended soil(control,CK),ii)soil amended with pinewood biochar(B),iii)soil amended with beef cattle manure(m)(manure from cattle on a control diet),iv)soil amended with biochar-manure(Bm)(manure from cattle on a control diet,with pinewood biochar added at 20 g kg^(-1)of diet dry matter),and v)soil amended with B and m at the aforementioned rates(B+m).A total of 40 soil columns were prepared and incubated at 21℃and 60%–80%water-holding *** average,total CO_(2)fluxes increased by 2.2-and 3.8-fold under manure treatments(i.e.,m,Bm,and B+m),within Raymond and Lethbridge soils,respectively,relative to CK and ***,total CH4 fluxes were the highest(Pmond soil under B+m and Bm relative to CK and B,and in Lethbridge soil under m and Bm relative to CK and *** Lethbridge soil,application of Bm increased cumulative N_(2)O emissions by 1.8-fold relative to *** 70-d incubation,amendment with Bm increased(Pmond and Lethbridge soils compared with B.A similar pattern was observed for water-extractable organic carbon in both soils,with Bm augmenting(Pmanure,and/or biochar-manure have contrasting short-term effects on the biogeochemistry of *** relatively low application rates,biochar does not necessarily counterbalance manure-derived inpu

关键词： animal husbandry black carbon carbon dioxide methane Orthic Black Chernozem soil fertility

Short-term microbial responses to soluble inorganic P input in a tropical lowland rain forest in Amazonia

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Pedosphere 2021年第6期31卷 964-972页

作者： Yuri W.L.DE SOUSA Erika BUSCARDO carlos A.N.QUESADA Henrique E.m.NASCImENTO Laszlo NAGY National Research Institute for Amazonia Manaus 69067-375(Brazil) Department of Forestry University of BrasiliaBrasilia 70910-900(Brazil) Centre for Functional Ecology University of CoimbraCoimbra 3000-456(Portugal) Department of Animal Biology University of CampinasCampinas 13083-862(Brazil)

In non-flooded lowland rain forests with low soil phosphorus(P)in parts of Amazonia,P cycling largely occurs via leaf litter recycling by arbuscular mycorrhizal(Am)fungal *** high input of P into these ecosystems occurs during drought years with increased *** the length and frequency of drought events are projected to increase in the region,a single-dose nutrient addition experiment was carried out to test how this would impact P *** application rate of 4 kg P ha^(-1) was used,which corresponds to twice the amount of litter-derived P in an average *** was hypothesized that i)the added mineral P would be immobilized by soil microorganisms,leading to measurable increase in soil microbial biomass carbon(C)and P and ii)Am colonization rate would be reduced by the pulse in mineral P available for plant *** results did not support either of our *** addition of P did not have an effect on Am root colonization,nor was P immobilized by soil microbiota during the experimental *** lack of a difference between the control and treatment at our study site could be attributed to the relatively low one-off dose of P applied that did not change either the colonization rate of roots by Am fungi or the amount of soil available labile *** obtain a mechanistic understanding of the availability,capture,and use of P by plant-symbiont associations in tropical rain forest ecosystems,further integrated studies of the soil-plant system combining long-term nutrient manipulations,modeling,and experimental approaches are required.

关键词： Amazon basin arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi nutrient addition phosphorus cycling soil microbial biomass

Osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated cells in dexamethasone-loaded phospholipid-induced silk fibroin hydrogels

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Biomaterials Translational 2022年第3期3卷 213-220页

作者： Chavee Laomeephol Helena ferreira Sorada Kanokpanont Jittima Amie Luckanagul Nuno m Neves Siriporn Damrongsakkul Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand Biomaterial Engineering for medical and Health Research Unit Chulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand B’s Research Group I3Bs-Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineGuimarãesPortugal ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/GuimarãesPortugal Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand Biomedical Engineering Research Center Faculty of EngineeringChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand Center of Excellence in Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals Chulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand

The tissue engineering triad comprises the combination of cells,scaffolds and biological ***,we prepared cell-and drug-loaded hydrogels using in situ silk fibroin(SF)hydrogels induced by dimyristoyl glycerophosphoglycerol(DmPG).DmPG is reported to induce rapid hydrogel formation by SF,facilitating cell encapsulation in the hydrogel matrix while maintaining high cell viability and proliferative *** addition,DmPG can be used for liposome formulations in entrapping drug ***(Dex)was loaded into the DmPG-induced SF hydrogels together with human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells,then the osteogenic differentiation of the entrapped cells was evaluated in vitro and compared to cells cultured under standard *** production by cells cultured in DmPG/Dex-SF hydrogels with Dex-depleted osteogenic medium was equivalent to that of cells cultured in conventional osteogenic medium containing *** extended-release of the entrapped Dex by the hydrogels was able to provide a sufficient drug amount for osteogenic *** controlled release of Dex was also advantageous for cell viability even though its dose in the hydrogels was far higher than that in osteogenic *** results confirmed the possibility of using DmPG-induced SF hydrogels to enable dual cell and drug encapsulation to fulfil the practical applications of tissue-engineered constructs.

关键词： DmPG osteogenic differentiation silk fibroin three-dimensional cell culture tissue engineering

Numerical Analysis of Physical and Geometrical Imperfections in Cellular Beams

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2017年第1期7卷 116-129页

作者： carlos Humberto martins Felipe Piana Vendramell ferreira Alexandre Rossi Eduardo Vicente Wolf Trentini State University of maringá Maringá Brazil

Cellular beams are appropriate for large spans with relatively small loads or for conditions in which strain dictates dimensioning. Another important advantage of cellular beams is the possibility of passing utility ducts through the openings, which avoids cutting through the web of the beam or increasing the construction height, which occurs when the ducts pass under the beams. Geometrical imperfections result from a lack of straightness during fabrication of rolled profiles. Geometric imperfections are represented numerically by an initial curvature. Additionally, the physical imperfections of rolled profiles result from the appearance of residual stresses. The condition that creates residual stresses in steel is the result of thermal and mechanical industrial processes. In this study, numerical analyses are performed with cellular beams using Finite Element method software. During the simulations, through non-linear geometric and physical analyses, geometric imperfections were varied, where lateral torsional buckling in cellular beams was considered as a function of the unrestrained length. In the boundary, conditions were restrained displacements in the axis X, Y, Z and rotation about X-axis, thus simulating the fork support. The beams are submitted to uniform bending and concentrated load. The results from the numerical analyses were compared with the calculation procedures, which verified that the results were significant.

关键词： Cellular Beams Physical Imperfections Geometrical Imperfections Lateral Torsional Buckling

Nitrapyrin effectiveness in reducing nitrous oxide emissions decreases at low doses of urea in an Andosol

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Pedosphere 2021年第2期31卷 303-313页

作者： mayela mONGE-mUÑOZ Segundo URQUIAGA Christoph mÜLLER Juan carlos CAmBRONEROHEINRICHS mohammad ZAmAN Cristina CHINCHILLA-SOTO Azam BORZOUEI Khadim DAWAR carlos E.RODRÍGUEZ-RODRÍGUEZ Ana Gabriela PÉREZ-CASTILLO Environmental Pollution Research Center(CICA) University of Costa RicaMontes de Oca 11501(Costa Rica) Embrapa Agrobiology Rod.BR 465km 7SeropédicaRJCEP 23891-000(Brazil) Institute of Plant Ecology Justus Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff Ring 26Giessen 35392(Germany) School of Biology and Environmental Science University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4(Ireland) Soil and Water management&Crop Nutrition Section Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and AgricultureDepartment of Nuclear Sciences and ApplicationsInternational Atomic Energy AgencyVienna International CentreVienna 1400(Austria) Nuclear Agriculture Research School Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute(NSTRI)Karaj ***(Iran) Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of AgriculturePeshawar 25000(Pakistan)

In the tropics,frequent nitrogen(N)fertilization of grazing areas can potentially increase nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)*** application of nitrification inhibitors has been reported as an effective management practice for potentially reducing N loss from the soil-plant system and improving N use efficiency(NUE).The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the co-application of nitrapyrin(a nitrification inhibitor,NI)and urea in a tropical Andosol on the behavior of N and the emissions of N_(2)O from autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification.A greenhouse experiment was performed using a soil(pH 5.9,organic matter content 78 g kg^(-1),and N 5.6 g kg^(-1))sown with Cynodon nlemfuensis at 60%water-filled pore space to quantify total N_(2)O emissions,N_(2)O derived from fertilizer,soil ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))and nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)),and *** study included treatments that received deionized water only(control,NI).No significant differences were observed in soil NH_(4)^(+)content between the UR and UR+NI treatments,probably because of soil mineralization and NO_(3)^(-)produced by heterotrophic nitrification,which is not effectively inhibited by *** 56 d,N_(2)O emissions in UR(0.51±0.12 mg N_(2)O-N concluded that the soil organic N mineralization and heterotrophic nitrification are the main processes of NH_(4)^(+)and NO_(3)^(-)***,it was found that N_(2)O emissions were partially a consequence of the direct oxidation of the soil's organic N via heterotrophic nitrification coupled to ***,the results suggest that nitrapyrin would likely exert significant mitigation on N_(2)O emissions only if a substantial N surplus exists in soils with high organic matter content.

关键词： autotrophic nitrification heterotrophic nitrification mineral N ^(15)N tracer nitrification inhibitor tropical grass

Encryption with User Authentication model for Internet of medical Things Environment

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第1期35卷 507-520页

作者： K.S.Riya R.Surendran carlos Andrés Tavera Romero m.Sadish Sendil Department of Information Technology Vel Tech Multi Tech Dr.Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering CollegeChennai600062India Center for Artificial Intelligence and Research(CAIR) Chennai Institute of TechnologyChennai600069India COmBA R&D Laboratory Faculty of EngineeringUniversidad Santiago de CaliCali76001Colombia Department of Emerging Technologies Guru Nanak Institute of TechnologyIbrahipatnam501506TelanganaIndia

Internet of medical Things(IomT)enabled e-healthcare has the potential to greately improve conventional healthcare services ***,security and privacy become major issues of IomT because of the restricted processing abilities,storage,and energy constraints of the ***,it leads to infeasibility of developing traditional cryptographic solutions to the IomT *** order to ensure security on sensitive medical data,effective encryption and authentication techniques need to be designed to assure security of the patients and healthcare service *** this view,this study designs an effective metaheuristic optimization based encryption with user authentication(EmOE-UA)technique for IomT *** work proposes an EmOE-UA technique aims to accomplish mutual authentication for addressing the security issues and reducing the computational ***,the EmOE-UA technique employs optimal multikey homomorphic encryption(OmKHE)technique to encrypt the IomT ***,the improved social spider optimization algorithm(ISSOA)was employed for the optimal multikey generation of the mKHE *** experimental result analysis of the EmOE-UA technique takes place using benchmark data and the results are examined under various *** simulation results reported the considerably better performance of the EmOE-UA technique over the existing techniques.

关键词： User authentication security privacy internet of medical things homomorphic encryption optimal key generation

Altitude as environmental filtering influencing phylogenetic diversity and species richness of plants in tropical mountains

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Journal of mountain Science 2023年第2期20卷 285-298页

作者： GALVÁN-CISNEROS carlos m. VILLA Pedro m. COELHO Alex J.P. CAmPOS Prímula V. mEIRA-NETO João A.A. Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plants Departamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMG36570-900Brazil Botany Gradute Program Universidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMG36570-900Brazil

Elucidating how multiple factors affect biodiversity and plant community assembly is a central issue in ecology,especially in vulnerable ecosystems such as tropical *** studies are more relevant in global warming scenarios that induce the upward displacement of plant species towards reduced habitats and hostile environments in tropical *** study aimed to analyze how altitude affects taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity in plant communities of tropical ***,we tested if(i)increased altitude works as an environmental filtering promoting decreased species richness,decreased phylogenetic diversity,and increased phylogenetic clustering in these tropical mountains;and if(ii)plant communities of high altitude in tropical mountains are also result of recent diversification with plant species recently split shortening phylogenetic distances between closest related *** tested effects of altitude on species richness and phylogenetic metrics using linear mixed-effects *** Haleakala presented 114 species,mount Kilimanjaro presented 231 species and mount Purace presented 280 *** found an environmental filtering effect with increasing altitude causing phylogenetic clustering,decreased phylogenetic diversity and decreased species *** decreasing phylogenetic distances between closest relatives are congruent with neo-endemics,suggesting recent plant diversification in high altitudes of tropical mountains,possibly driven by geographic isolation and environmental *** of global warming should be monitored in tropical mountains focusing on distribution shifts.

关键词： Tropical mountains Global warming Environmental filtering Phylogenetic ecology Assembly rules Conservation mountaintop vegetation

Estimation of optimum sample size allocation:An illustration with body mass index for evaluating the effect of a dietetic supplement

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2019年第8期12卷 75-86页

作者： carlos N.Bouza-Herrera Sira m.Allende-Alonso Gajendra K.Vishwakarma Neha Singh Departamento de matemdtica Aplicada Universidad de La Habana Cuba Department of mathematics and Computing Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad India

In many medical researches,it is needed to determine the optimal sample size allocation in a heterogeneous *** paper proposes the algorithm for optimal sample size *** consider the optimal allocation problem as an optimization problem and the solution is obtained by using Bisection,Secant,Regula-Falsi and other numerical *** performance of the algorithm for different numerical methods are analyzed and evaluated in terms of computing time,number of iterations and gain in accuracy using *** efficacy of algorithm is evaluated for the response in terms of body mass index(BmI)to the dietetic supplement with diabetes mellitus,HIV/AIDS and cancer post-operatory recovery patients.

关键词： Optimal sample allocation Body mass Index diabetes HIV/AIDS cancer