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从公共健康的角度看待药品专利审查

从公共健康的角度看待药品专利审查

Preliminary Study by Environmental Indicator measurements of Sediments in a mangrove Forest in Ilha Grande Bay,Rio de Janeiro,Southeastern Brazil

作者： carlos m.correa 于群国家知识产权局医药生物发明审查部

药品专利是专利体系中的主要组成部分之一,并对药品的价格具有实质性影响,因此药品专利的审查和授权标准不仅与专利和工业政策相关,还极大地影响着公共健康政策的实施。本文的目的在于提高专利局、公共健康和药品管理等部门为了防止专...

药品专利是专利体系中的主要组成部分之一,并对药品的价格具有实质性影响,因此药品专利的审查和授权标准不仅与专利和工业政策相关,还极大地影响着公共健康政策的实施。本文的目的在于提高专利局、公共健康和药品管理等部门为了防止专利权涵盖不适当的主题而采取必要措施的能力,从而实现保护公众健康的目的。本文首先简要地讨论了TRIPS协议下WTO成员应当允许的评价发明新颖性和创造性的标准范围。其次,提供了不同类别医药产品专利权利要求书的实例、某些专利局的审查说明以及对各类权利要求书的建议审查标准。最后,还提出了一些将公共健康相关的内容整合进医药专利的审查和复审程序中的机制。

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2012年第8期3卷 731-739页

作者： Ana maria A.Velho Claudia A.F.Aiub Jose L.mazzei Sergio m.correa mario L.G.Soares Israel Felzenszwalb Department of Biophysics and Biometry Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara GomesRio de Janeiro State UniversityVila IsabelBrazil Departamento de Genetica e Biologia molecular Instituto BiomedicoUniversidade Federal do Estado do Rio de JaneiroCentroBrazil Department of Environmental Chemistry Institute of ChemistryRio de Janeiro State UniversityResendeBrazil Center for Research on mangroves Institute of OceanographyRio de Janeiro State UniversityMaracanaBrazil

mangroves perform essential functions in biological cycles and are protected by law in Brazil. However, they are being degraded above their support limit, leading to a reduction in the areas around the world. The area investigated in the present study is a potentially unpolluted mangrove ecosystem in the south of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The aim of this work was to investigate the presence of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mangrove sediment and to correlate them with mutagenic and genotoxic activity. Four seasonal samplings undertaken between 2009 and 2010 at five sites were analyzed. Dichloromethane extracts were obtained under sonication and subjected to mutagenicity assays using Salmonella microsuspension. metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb) contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, while the quantification of PAHs was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Goniopsis cruentata hemocytes were used to assess potential genotoxic damage (micronucleus assay). The absence of mutagenicity was observed for all samples using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102, in the absence and presence of an exogenous mammalian metabolizing system. Among the metals, Cd and Cu were detected in autumn at values exceeding the threshold effect level and below the probable effect level. Benzo[a] pyrene was detected at levels above the threshold at one site, where small effects could be observed in the biota. Significant differences in the micronucleated cells observed suggest DNA damage had been induced by the PAHs identified.

关键词： Sediments mutagenicity Goniopsis cruentata Genotoxicity Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) metals

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传统知识与知识产权

传统知识与知识产权

Acute calculous cholecystitis: Review of current best practices

作者： carlos m.correa

本文节选自日内瓦Quaker联合国办公室(QUNO)出版的《传统知识与知识产权》一文,旨在对关于传统知识保护、知识产权及人类持续发展问题等进行探讨和提供信息。本文阐述了传统知识的定义及其在农业中的广泛应用;传统知识保护的代价与预期...

本文节选自日内瓦Quaker联合国办公室(QUNO)出版的《传统知识与知识产权》一文,旨在对关于传统知识保护、知识产权及人类持续发展问题等进行探讨和提供信息。本文阐述了传统知识的定义及其在农业中的广泛应用;传统知识保护的代价与预期可获得的利益,在知识产权制度下保护传统知识的不同模式的可行性和有效性,以及用制止不当使用传统知识制度来保护传统知识的有关问题。本文并对一些保护传统知识的国家法律与宪法对传统知识保护的探讨、成果与建议作了介绍。

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2017年第5期9卷 118-126页

作者： carlos Augusto Gomes Cleber Soares Junior Salomone Di Saveiro massimo Sartelli michel Denis Kelly Camila Couto Gomes Felipe Couto Gomes Lívia Dornellas correa Camila Brandao Alves Samuel de Fádel Guimaraes Surgery Depart-ment Hospital Universitário Therezinha de Jesus Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde Juiz de Fora Trauma Surgery Unit Maggiore Hospital Department of Surgery Macerata Hospital Acute Surgical Unit Canberra Hospital Surgery Department Hospital Gover-nador Israel Pinheiro (HGIP IPSEMG) Internal medicine Unit Hospital Universitário Therezinha de Jesus Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde Juiz de Fora

Acute calculous cholecystitis(ACC) is the most frequent complication of cholelithiasis and represents one-third of all surgical emergency hospital admissions, many aspects of the disease are still a matter of debate. Knowledge of the current evidence may allow the surgical team to develop practical bedside decision-making strategies, aiming at a less demanding procedure and lower frequency of complications. In this regard, recommendations on the diagnosis supported by specific criteria and severity scores are being implemented, to prioritize patients eligible for urgency surgery. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the best treatment for ACC and the procedure should ideally be performed within 72h. Early surgery is associated with better results in comparison to delayed surgery. In addition, when to suspect associated common bile duct stones and how to treat them when found are still debated. The antimicrobial agents are indicated for high-risk patients and especially in the presence of gallbladder necrosis. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and in some cases with antifungal agents is related to better prognosis. moreover, an emerging strategy of not converting to open, a difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy and performing a subtotal cholecystectomy is recommended by adept surgical teams. Some authors support the use of percutaneous cholecystostomy as an alternative emergency treatment for acute Cholecystitis for patients with severe comorbidities.

关键词： Cholecystitis Cholelithiasis Biliary stones Cholecystectomy Laparoscopy

Variable Configuration Fiber Optic Laser Doppler Vibrometer System

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Photonic Sensors 2016年第2期6卷 97-106页

作者： Julio E. posada-ROmAN David A. JACKSON Jose A. GARCIA-SOUTO Department of Electronics Technology GOTL University Carlos 111 de Madrid Butarque 15 28911 Legan6s MadridSpain Applied Optics Group School of Physical Sciences University of Canterbury Kent CT2 7NH UK

A multichannel heterodyne fiber optic vibrometer is demonstrated which can be operated at ranges in excess of 50m. The system is designed to measure periodic signals, impacts, rotation, 3D strain, and vibration mapping. The displacement resolution of each channel exceeds 1 nm. The outputs from all channels are simultaneous, and the number of channels can be increased by using optical switches.

关键词： Laser Doppler vibration digital processing nanometer resolution multiplexing optical fiber

mode-and wavelength-multiplexed transmission with crosstalk mitigation using a single amplified spontaneous emission source

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Photonics Research 2019年第11期7卷 1363-1369页

作者： Yetian Huang Haoshuo Chen Hanzi Huang Zhengxuan Li Nicolas K.Fontaine Roland Ryf Juan carlos Alvarado Rodrigo Amezcua-correa John van Weerdenburg Chigo Okonkwo A.m.J.Koonen Yingxiong Song min Wang Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced CommunicationShanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Nokia Bell Labs HolmdelNew Jersey 07733USA CREOL University of Central FloridaOrlandoFlorida 32816USA Institute for Photonic Integration Eindhoven University of Technology5600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands

We propose to use the low-coherence property of amplified spontaneous emission(ASE) noise to mitigate optical crosstalk, such as spatial, polarization, and modal crosstalk, which currently limits the density of photonic integration and fibers for dense space-division multiplexing. High optical crosstalk tolerance can be achieved by ASE-based low-coherence matched detection, which avoids dedicated optical lasers and uses spectrally filtered ASE noise as the signal carrier and as a matched local oscillator. We experimentally demonstrate spatial and modal crosstalk reduction in multimode fiber(mmF) and realize mode-and wavelength-multiplexed transmission over1.5-km mmF supporting three spatial modes using a single ASE source. Performance degradation due to model dispersion over mmF is experimentally investigated.

关键词： crosstalk polarization matched

Association of insertion-deletions polymorphisms with colorectal cancer risk and clinical features

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第37期23卷 6854-6867页

作者： Diego marques Layse Raynara Ferreira-Costa Lorenna Larissa Ferreira-Costa Romualdo da Silva correa Aline maciel Pinheiro Borges Fernanda Ribeiro Ito carlos Cesar de Oliveira Ramos Raul Hernandes Bortolin André Ducati Luchessi Andrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos Sidney Santos Vivian Nogueira Silbiger Laboratório de Bioanálise e Biotecnologia molecular Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Programa de Pós-graduacao em Ciências Farmacêutica Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Laboratório de Genética Humana e médica Universidade Federal do Pará Departamento de Cirurgia Oncológica Liga Norte Riograndense Contra o Cancer Laboratório de Patologia eCitopatologia Liga Norte Riograndense Contra o Cancer Depart-amento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia Universidade Federal do Pará

AIm To investigate the association between 16 insertiondeletions(INDEL) polymorphisms, colorectal cancer(CRC) risk and clinical features in an admixed *** O n e h u n d re d a n d fo r ty p a t i e n t s w i t h C R C a n d 140 cancer-free subjects were examined. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples. Polymorphisms and genomic ancestry distribution were assayed by multiplex-PCR reaction, separated by capillary electrophoresis on the ABI 3130 Genetic Analyzer instrument and analyzed on Gene mapper ID v3.2. Clinicopathological data were obtained by consulting the patients' clinical charts, intra-operative documentation, and pathology *** Logistic regression analysis showed that polymorphism variations in IL4 gene was associated with increased CRC risk, while TYmS and UCP2 genes were associated with decreased risk. Reference to anatomical localization of tumor Del allele of NFKB1 and CASP8 were associated with more colon related incidents than rectosigmoid. In relation to the INDEL association with tumor node metastasis(TNm) stage risk, the Ins alleles of ACE, HLAG and TP53(6 bp INDEL) were associated with higher TNm stage. Furthermore, regarding INDEL association with relapse risk, the Ins alleles of ACE, HLAG, and UGT1A1 were associated with early relapse risk, as well as the Del allele of TYmS. Regarding INDEL association with death risk before 10 years, the Ins allele of SGSm3 and UGT1A1 were associated with death *** The INDEL variations in ACE, UCP2, TYmS, IL4, NFKB1, CASP8, TP53, HLAG, UGT1A1, and SGSm3 were associated with CRC risk and clinical features in an admixed population. These data suggest that this cancer panel might be useful as a complementary tool for better clinical management, and more studies need to be conducted to confirm these findings.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Ins-del polymorphism Admixed population Potential biomarker Diagnostic Risk stratification Prognostic Clinical features

Gait Analysis of a Subject with Total Hip Arthroplasty

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Journal of Biosciences and medicines 2022年第10期10卷 135-143页

作者： carlos Díaz Novo micaela González Castillo Juan Bentos Dupuy maximiliano Vespa correa martín machado López Felipe Gorla Gargano Biomedical Engineering Program Technological University of Uruguay UTEC Fray Bentos Uruguay

Introduction: gait analysis of a subject with total hip replacement is described. Objective: instrumental gait analysis of a subject 12 years after the total hip arthroplasty. materials and methods: in a movement analysis laboratory, locomotion studies were carried out at freely chosen walking speed by a 64-year-old subject, obtaining kinematic, kinetic and surface electromyographic data in time and space. All measurements were assessments by applying walking protocols on a straight surface of 8 m long. Results: abnormal slight activations of semitendinosus and tibialis anterior muscles, of the left limb, were observed throughout the gait cycle, no spatiotemporal parameters far from normal values were detected. Conclusions: it was possible to obtain an exhaustive analysis of the parameters associated with the gait of a subject after 12 years of total hip arthroplasty.

关键词： Total Hip Arthroplasty Kinetics Kinematics Surface Electromyography motion Analysis Laboratory Pathological

Phytoplankton Productivity and Hydrology in an Impacted Estuarine Complex in Northeastern Brazil

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Open Journal of Ecology 2019年第10期9卷 458-477页

作者： Laisa madureira da Silva Fernando Antonio do Nascimento Feitosa manuel de Jesus Flores montes Amanda Yumi Otsuka Flavia Saldanha-correa carlos Noriega Oceanography Department Federal University of Pernambuco—UFPERecifeBrazil Oceanographic Institute of the University of So Paulo University of So Paulo—USPSo PauloBrazil

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the productive capacity of the phytoplankton community and other environmental variables in the estuarine area of Suape;while considering the constant morphological, sedimentological and hydrological changes, the site has been facing due to the implementation and expansion of an industrial and port complex. The study comprised 6 campaigns: 3 in the dry season and 3 in the rainy season. Water samples were collected from the surface layer of the internal and external portions of the estuarine bay during low spring tides. The salinity ranged from 32.20 to 37.10, the water temperature ranged from 26.60°C to 29.40°C, and the oxygen saturation rate ranged from 58.5% to 114.5%. There was significant seasonal variation. The nitrite concentration was higher during the rainy season, whereas the ammonia concentration was higher during the dry season;the higher ammonia concentration helped increase chlorophyll-a levels and rates of primary productivity, which ranged from 0.02 - 2.45 mg·m−3 and from 0.34 to 4.32 mg·C·m−3·h−1, respectively. Chlorophyll-a a-containing biomass, and this reflected the low nutrient content in the water and indicated that the area was free from eutrophication processes. The decrease of rainfall during the sampling months and the anthropogenic changes in the environment led to reduced continental contributions, increased marine interference, nutrient dilution and loss of phytoplankton production capacity in Suape Bay, which severely damaged other trophic links in the ecosystem.

关键词： Estuarine Area Phytoplankton Primary Productivity Chlorophyll a Suape Bay