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Liver enzymes,metabolomics and genome-wide association studies:From systems biology to the personalized medicine

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第3期21卷 711-725页

作者： Silvia Sookoian carlos J Pirola Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology Institute of Medical Research A Lanari-IDIMUniversity of Buenos Aires-National Scientific and Technical Research Council Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires 1427Argentina Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases Institute of Medical Research A Lanari-IDIMUniversity of Buenos Aires-National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilCiudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires 1427Argentina

For several decades,serum levels of alanine(ALT) and aspartate(AST) aminotransferases have been regarded as markers of liver injury,including a wide range of etiologies from viral hepatitis to fatty *** increasing worldwide prevalence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease revealed that transaminases are strong predictors of type 2 diabetes,coronary heart disease,atherothrombotic risk profile,and overall risk of metabolic ***,it is plausible to suggest that aminotransferases are surrogate biomarkers of "liver metabolic functioning" beyond the classical concept of liver cellular damage,as their enzymatic activity might actually reflect key aspects of the physiology and pathophysiology of the liver *** this study,we summarize the background information and recent findings on the biological role of ALT and AST,and review the knowledge gained from the application of genome-wide approaches and "omics" technologies that uncovered new concepts on the role of aminotransferases in human diseases and systemic regulation of metabolic *** of biomolecular interactions between the candidate genes recently discovered to be associated with plasma concentrations of liver enzymes showed interesting interconnectivity nodes,which suggest that regulation of aminotransferase activity is a complex and highly regulated ***,links between aminotransferase genes and metabolites are explored to understand the genetic contributions to the metabolic diversity.

关键词： Transaminases Aminotransferases Alanineaminotransf

An Efficient Real Space Method for Orbital-Free Density-Functional Theory

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Communications in Computational Physics 2007年第2期2卷 334-357页

作者： carlos J.Garcıa-Cervera Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA.

We consider the Thomas-Fermi-von Weizsacker energy functional,with the Wang-Teter correction,and present an efficient real space method for Orbital-Free Density Functional *** is proved that the energy minimizer satisfies a second order quasilinear elliptic equation,even at the points where the electron density *** information is used to construct an efficient energy minimization method for the resulting constrained problem,based on the truncated Newton method for unconstrained *** Wang-Teter kernel is analyzed,and its behavior in real space at short and far distances is determined.A second order accurate discretization of the energy is obtained using finite *** efficiency and accuracy of the method is illustrated with numerical simulations in an Aluminium FCC lattice.

关键词： Density functional theory truncated Newton method constrained optimization.

＂Symptom of an Era＂： Dung Kai-Cheung＇s Histories of Time

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Frontiers of Literary Studies in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2016年第1期10卷 133-149页

作者： carlos Rojas Asian Pacific Studies Institute Duke University John Hope Franklin Center 2204 Erwin RoadDurham NC 27708-0411 USA

This essay uses the notion of a symptom to examine the ways in which temporality is deployed in Hong Kong author Dung Kai-Cheung＇s 2007 novel, Histories o^Time. In particular, the essay follows Dung＇s own lead, in Histories of Time, and considers the peculiar temporality implicit in the concept of figuration in Biblical hermeneutics, wherein the ＂figure＂ mediates between the two distinct--yet structurally related--temporalities of the Old and the New Testaments： the ＂prefiguration＂ of the Old Testament and the ＂fulfillment of figuration＂ of the New Testament. I propose that a literary ＂figure,＂ in Dung＇s work, similarly mediates between the different temporal planes within his novel, while at the same time mediating between the fictional space of the novel and the historical era within which the work is positioned. Just as a symptom is simultaneously a function of--but also structurally external to--the underlying condition that it signifies, this sort of literary figure may similarly be seen as a function of--but simultaneously external to--the historical era to which it corresponds. This sort of literary figure, accordingly, marks a point of rupture within the temporality of the novel and its corresponding era, while at the same time providing the ground on which that temporal continuum is established in the first place.

关键词： Dung Kai-Cheung Histories of Time symptom figuration Hong Kong

Multiomics biomarkers for the prediction of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease severity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第15期24卷 1601-1615页

作者： carlos J Pirola Silvia Sookoian Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Complex Diseases. University of Buenos Aires Institute of Medical Research A Lanari Buenos Aires Argentina National Scientific and Technical Research Council-University of Buenos Aires. Institute of Medical Research (IDIM) Clinical and Molecular Hepatology University of Buenos Aires Institute of Medical Research A Lanari Buenos Aires Argentina National Scientific and Technical Research Council-University of Buenos Aires. Institute of Medical Research (IDIM)

This review intends to uncover how information from large-scale genetic profiling(whole genome sequencing, and whole exome sequencing) of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), as well as information from circulating transcriptomics(cell-free mi RNAs) and metabolomics, contributes to the understanding of NAFLD pathogenesis. A further aim is to address the question of whether OMICs information is ready to be implemented in the clinics. The available evidence suggests that any new knowledge pertaining to molecular signatures associated with NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis should be promptly translated into the clinical setting. Nevertheless, rigorous steps that must include validation and replication are mandatory before utilizing OMICs biomarkers in diagnostics to identify patients at risk of advanced disease, including liver cancer.

关键词： nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Fibrosis Liver biopsy Genetics PNPLA3 TM6SF2 Metabolomics Proteomics Transcriptomics nonalcoholic fatty liver disease miR122

My enemy’s enemies are my friends:Alternative sources of support in multi-party races

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Economic and Political Studies 2024年第3期12卷 285-317页

作者： carlos Costa School of Public and International Affairs Wright State UniversityDaytonOHUSA

The research on redistributive strategies to secure support has been dominated by a core and swing voter model,which pits two parties against each other in a costly race for *** are other options beyond targeting either swing or one’s own core voters?This paper identifies a political scenario where core supporters from other parties are viable targets and sets out to test three dimensions that indicate when actors can effectively target *** paper’s main expectation is that by accounting for voters’ideological affinity,levels of fragmentation,and the potential to deliver their votes,parties can effectively target other parties’core *** case of Brazil’s Bolsa Famılia delivers evidence for the hypotheses.

关键词： Multi-party races coreand swing conditionalcash transfer Bolsa Familia

NEXT GENERATION ENERGY EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES:A CASE STUDY DEMONSTRATING TOP OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE The Aventine Chiller Plant Optimization

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Journal of Green Building 2009年第2期4卷 44-53页

作者： carlos Santamaria Optimum Energy Engineering Services Glenborough LLC United States

INTRODUCTION As owners contemplate major capital upgrades and investments into their existing chiller plants,several considerations become apparent and require a thorough *** primary considerations include:Age of existing equipment,existing load profile,utility rates,building occupancy and tenant use,property repositioning plan,lease type and the property’s asset strategy,and *** Aventine’s case,the building was considered by most real estate professionals and owners as a relatively young building at 17 years *** building and chiller plant still had a good five to seven years of serviceable *** challenge in this particular case was to propose an upgrade justifying replacement of this still functioning chiller plant while asking for approximately$500k in capital expense *** addition to describing the technical features of this next-generation chiller plant system,this case study will attempt to integrate fi nancial decision making attributes that assisted in the decision making *** focus of this paper is to differentiate this technology and approach with major chiller plant upgrades.

关键词： property NEXT Plant

Adverse selection,loan access and default behavior in the Chilean consumer debt market

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 1566-1594页

作者： carlos Madeira Central Bank of Chile SantiagoChile

Why do households use different types of loans?Which factors cause borrowers to default?Using a comprehensive survey dataset from Chile,I estimate a partial information model of consumer debt access,lender choice,loan amount and *** model consists of a first-stage multinomial logit that explains the choice across the five loan types,plus the options of no access to debt due to credit constraints and a no wish for consumer *** the second and third stages,the model assumes a log-linear regression of the debt amount and a logit regression of the default behavior,accounting for the loan type selection *** is obtained using factors measured at different time periods for the default and the loan type choices.I find that households choose different lenders based on income,education and labor *** income and education decrease the probability of credit constraints,while increasing bank lending and debt *** risk and household size increase the chances of all the loan types;however,unemployment decreases the debt *** and wage volatility reduce the probability of all *** decreases with income,education and age,whereas it increases with indebtedness,unemployment,household size,health shocks,and paying previous *** exercises demonstrate that pension reform,higher requirements for borrowers’capacities,and financial literacy programs could substantially reduce default *** literacy could greatly reduce arrears,households with credit constraints,the number of debtors and the aggregate debt amounts,especially for non-bank *** Chilean borrowers present heterogeneous adverse selection across lender *** Debt Access decreases with income,age,education,but it increases with *** is associated with income,unemployment,indebtedness and *** past loans and health needs are associated with indebtedness and *** literacy programs may b

关键词： Consumer credit Default risk Unemployment Financial literacy Adverse selection Credit constraints

Synthesis and Structure of an Enantiopure Dirhodium Loop with Unusual Axial Coordination

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2011年第6期30卷 892-896页

作者：陈进余荣民 MURILLO carlos A State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University

The crystals of enantiopure SS-[cis-Rh2（Ph2C6H4）2（O2CC2F4CO2）]2（（CH3）2CHCH2NH2）3（1） were obtained from the reaction of S-[cis-Rh2（Ph2C6H4）2（CH3CN）6]BF4（S-2） and（Et4N）2（O2CC2F4CO2） in CH2Cl2/CH3OH under the presence of sec-butyl *** 1 crystallizes in orthorhombic,space group P212121 with a = 16.880（5）,b = 28.728（9）,c = 20.475（6） ,V = 9929（5） 3,Z = 4,C95H96Cl5F8N3O8.50P4Rh4,Mr = 2280.52,Dc = 1.526 g/cm3,F（000） = 4608 and μ（MoKα） = 0.922 *** final R = 0.0488 and wR = 0.1164 for 17204 observed reflections with I 〉2σ（I） and R = 0.0814 and wR = 0.1374 for all data with absolute structure parameter =-0.04（3）.Compound 1 contains two inherently chiral S-[cis-Rh2（Ph2C6H4）2] moieties which are connected by two（O2CC2F4CO2） dicarboxylate ligands in the equatorial *** of the dirhodium units with Rh-Rh distance of 2.5445（8）  is further coordinated by a sec-butyl amine in each axial *** dirohdium unit has only one axial sec-butyl amine ligand,and its Rh-Rh distance is 2.5079（9） .

关键词： enantiopure chiral dirhodium orthometalated crystal structure

Changes in niche differentiation and environmental filtering over a hydric stress gradient

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第2期13卷 185-194页

作者： Alejandra Martínez-Blancas carlos Martorell Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCoyoacán04510 Ciudad de MéxicoMexico Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoAv.Ciudad Universitaria 3000C.P.04510CoyoacánCiudad de MéxicoMexico

Aims Diversity in communities is determined by species’ability to coexist with each other and to overcome environmental stress that may act as an environmental *** differentiation(ND)results in stronger intra-than interspecific competition and promotes *** stress affects interactions,the strength of ND may change along stress gradients.A greater diversity of plant growth forms has been observed in stressful habitats,such as deserts and alpine regions,suggesting greater ND when stress is *** tested the hypothesis that niche differences and environmental filters become stronger with *** In a semiarid grassland in southern Mexico,we sowed six annual species in the field along a hydric stress *** were grown alone(without interactions),with conspecific neighbors(intraspecific interactions)or with heterospecific neighbors(interspecific interactions).We analyzed how the ratio of intra-to interspecific competition changed along the gradient to assess how water availability determines the strength of *** also determined if hydric stress represented an environmental *** Findings We observed stronger intra-than interspecific competition,especially where hydric stress was ***,we found ND in at least some portion of the gradient for all but one *** species were hindered by stress,but others were favored by it perhaps because it eliminates soil *** strong ND was slightly more frequent with stress,our species sample was small and there were exceptions to the general pattern,so further research is needed to establish if this is a widespread phenomenon in nature.

关键词： hydrological niche species interactions environmental constraints species coexistence stabilizing mechanisms equalizing mechanisms