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The COVID-19 Pandemic:Global Asymmetries and Challenges for the future of Health

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China CDC weekly 2021年第7期3卷 140-141页

作者： Nísia trindade Lima carlos Grabois Gadelha Oswaldo Cruz foundation-fiocruz

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic reveals economic,social,and environmental trends that have been present since the last two decades,and it is characterized as a new phenomenon that qualitatively alters contemporary global and national dilemmas—not only because it was caused by a hitherto unknown virus,but by the magnitude of the crisis and the transformations that shape the lifeworld.It marks a disruptive and threatening historical period in the face of the foundations of modern sociability built during the post-war period.

关键词： COV demic contemporary

基于溶液化学策略构建背接触fTO/赤铁矿光阳极界面工程的高效光催化水氧化

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2022年第5期43卷 1247-1257页

作者： Karen Cristina Bedin Beatriz Mouriño Ingrid Rodríguez-Gutiérrez João Batista Souza Junior Gabriel trindade dos Santos Jefferson Bettini carlos Alberto Rodrigues Costa Lionel Vayssieres flavio Leandro Souza 巴西能源和材料研究中心国家纳米技术实验室坎皮纳斯巴西 ABC联邦大学自然和人文科学中心圣安德烈巴西南里奥格兰德联邦大学南里奥格兰德巴西西安交通大学能源与电力工程学院电力工程多相流国家重点实验室可再生能源国际研究中心(IRCRE)陕西西安710049

本文采用一种简单、有效的规模化溶液化学策略,在基底(如商用氟掺杂氧化锡透明导电涂层玻璃(fTO))和光活性薄膜(如赤铁矿)之间形成丰富的背接触界面,并用于低成本水氧化反应.高分辨率电子显微镜(扫描电镜、透射电镜、扫描透射电镜)、原... 详细信息

本文采用一种简单、有效的规模化溶液化学策略,在基底(如商用氟掺杂氧化锡透明导电涂层玻璃(fTO))和光活性薄膜(如赤铁矿)之间形成丰富的背接触界面,并用于低成本水氧化反应.高分辨率电子显微镜(扫描电镜、透射电镜、扫描透射电镜)、原子力显微镜、元素成像(电子能量损失谱和能量色散谱)和光电化学研究表明,可通过前驱体溶液的化学成分工程来有效降低机械应力、晶格失配、电子势垒和fTO与赤铁矿在背面接触界面之间的空隙以及fTO与电解液之间的短路和有害反应,进而提升这些低成本光阳极对水氧化反应以及PEC水分解清洁、可持续地生产氢气的整体效率.本研究对通过最小化在介孔电极的背接触界面和晶粒边界上的电子-空穴复合,进而提高电荷收集效率具有重要意义,可提高低成本PEC水裂解装置的整体效率和规模化的能力.

关键词：纳米结构氧化铁水氧化光阳极表面工程化学合成

The Ingestive Behaviour of Cattle in Large-scale and Its Application to Pasture Management in Heterogeneous Pastoral Environments

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农业科学与技术：A 2012年第7期2卷 909-916页

作者： Jean carlos Mezzalira Carolina Bremm Julio Kuthn Da trindade carlos Nabinger Paulo Cesar de faccio Carvalho Grazing Ecology Research Group Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre RS 91540-000 Brazil

How does the brown mussel Perna perna respond to environmental pollution?A review on pollution biomarkers

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第1期34卷 412-428页

作者： fernanda Silva dos Santos Raquel A.f.Neves Mirian Araújo carlos Crapez Valéria Laneuville Teixeira Natascha Krepsky fluminense federal University(Uff) Institute of BiologyGraduate Program in Science and BiotechnologyMario Santos Braga Streets/n.CentroNiteróiRJ CEP 24.020-141Brazil federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro(UNIRIO) Institute of Biosciences(IBIO)Graduate Program in Neotropical Biodiversity(PPGBIO)Pasteur Avenue458.UrcaRio de JaneiroRJ CEP 22.290-255Brazil fluminense federal University(Uff) Institute of BiologyGraduate Program in Marine Biology and Coastal EnvironmentsMario Santos Braga Streets/n.CentroNiteróiRJ CEP 24.020-141Brazil federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro(UNIRIO) Institute of Biosciences(IBIO)Graduate Program in Ecotourism and ConservationPasteur Avenue458.UrcaRio de JaneiroRJ CEP 22.290-255Brazil

The brown mussel Perna perna(Linnaeus,1758)is a valuable resource for aquaculture in tropical and subtropical coastal regions.It presents desirable characteristics for biomonitoring,including being sessile,widely distributed and abundant,and is a filter-feeder able to accumulate several classes of pollutants(e.g.,metals,hydrocarbons,among others).Mussels’biological responses to pollution exposure can be measured as biomarkers,which include alterations ranging from molecular to physiological levels,to estimate the degree of environmental contamination and its effects on biota.This full review compiles two decades(2000–2020)of literature concerning biological effects on P.perna mussel caused by environmental pollutants(i.e.,metals,hydrocarbons,and emerging pollutants),considering environmental and farm-based biomonitoring.Biochemical markers related to mussels’oxidative status were efficient for the biomonitoring of metals(i.e.,antioxidant enzymes associated with oxidative damage in biomolecules).Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity indicators(i.e.,comet,micronucleus,and neutral red assays)provided a depiction of hydrocarbon contamination.The neutral red assay gave a time-concentration cytotoxic response to a wide range of pollutants,including emerging pollutants(e.g.,pharmaceuticals and biocides)and hydrocarbons.Perna perna hemocyte parameters provided a useful approach for biocide biomonitoring.This paper summarizes useful biomarkers from molecular to physiological levels in this mussel species used to identify and quantify the degree of coastal pollution.An integrated biomarker analysis may provide a way to overcome possible biomarker variations and assess multi-polluted sites.Nevertheless,it is necessary to investigate biomarker variations according to natural factors(e.g.,season and gonad maturation stage)to standardize them for trustworthy biomonitoring.

关键词： Biological indexes Biomonitoring Emerging pollutants Hydrocarbons Metals Sentinel species

A Zonotopic-Based Watermarking Design to Detect Replay Attacks

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2022年第11期9卷 1924-1938页

作者： carlos Trapiello Vicenc Puig the Supervision Safety and Automatic Control Research Center(CS2AC)of the Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya(UPC)Rambla Sant Nebridi2208222 TerrassaSpain the UMR 5218-IMS Laboratory France the Institut de Robòtica i Informàtica Industrial(CSIC-UPC) Carrer Llorens Artigas4-608028 BarcelonaSpain

This paper suggests the use of zonotopes for the design of watermark signals.The proposed approach exploits the recent analogy found between stochastic and zonotopic-based estimators to propose a deterministic counterpart to current approaches that study the replay attack in the context of stationary Gaussian processes.In this regard,the zonotopic analogous case where the control loop is closed based on the estimates of a zonotopic Kalman filter(ZKf)is analyzed.This formulation allows to propose a new performance metric that is related to the frobenius norm of the prediction zonotope.Hence,the steadystate operation of the system can be related with the size of the minimal Robust Positive Invariant set of the estimation error.furthermore,analogous expressions concerning the impact that a zonotopic/Gaussian watermark signal has on the system operation are derived.finally,a novel zonotopically bounded watermark signal that ensures the attack detection by causing the residual vector to exit the healthy residual set during the replay phase of the attack is introduced.The proposed approach is illustrated in simulation using a quadruple-tank process.

关键词： Optimal control physical watermarking replay attack zonotopes

Optimization of an innovative approach involving mechanical activation and acid digestion for the extraction of lithium from lepidolite

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2018年第1期25卷 11-19页

作者： Nathalia Vieceli carlos A.Nogueira Manuel f.C.Pereira fernando O.Durao carlos Guimaraes fernanda Margarido Center for Innovation Technology and Po icy Research-IN+Instituto Superior T6cnicoUniversity of Lisbon1049-001 LisboaPortugal LNEG-Laborat6rio Nacional de Energia e Geologia I.P.Campus do Lumiar1649-038 LisboaPortugal CERENA-Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente DECivilInstituto Superior T6cnicoUniversity of Lisbon1049-001 LisboaPortugal

The recovery of lithium from hard rock minerals has received increased attention given the high demand for this element. There- fore, this study optimized an innovative process, which does not require a high-temperature calcination step, for lithium extraction from le- pidolite. Mechanical activation and acid digestion were suggested as crucial process parameters, and experimental design and re- sponse-surface methodology were applied to model and optimize the proposed lithium extraction process. The promoting effect of amorphi- zation and the formation of lithium sulfate hydrate on lithium extraction yield were assessed. Several factor combinations led to extraction yields that exceeded 90%, indicating that the proposed process is an effective approach for lithium recovery.

关键词： lepidolite lithium mechanical activation acid digestion optimization extraction

Pressure drop analysis on the positive half-cell of a cerium redox flow battery using computational fluid dynamics: mathematical and modelling aspects of porous media

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frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021年第2期15卷 399-409,F0004页

作者： fernando f.Rivera Berenice Miranda-Alcantara German Orozco carlos Ponce de Leon Luis f.Arenas National Council of Science and Technology(CONACYT) Mexico City 03940Mexico Center of Research and Technological Development in Electrochemistry(CIDETEQ) Queretaro 76703Mexico Electrochemical Engineering Laboratory Energy Technology Research GroupFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK

Description of electrolyte fluid dynamics in the electrode compartments by mathematical models can be a powerful tool in the development of redox flow batteries(RfBs)and other electrochemical reactors.In order to determine their predictive capability,turbulent Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)and free flow plus porous media(Brinkman)models were applied to compute local fluid velocities taking place in a rectangular channel electrochemical flow cell used as the positive half-cell of a cerium-based RfB for laboratory studies.Two different platinized titanium electrodes were considered,a plate plus a turbulence promoter and an expanded metal mesh.Calculated pressure drop was validated against experimental data obtained with typical cerium electrolytes.It was found that the pressure drop values were better described by the RANS approach,whereas the validity of Brinkman equations was strongly dependent on porosity and permeability values of the porous media.

关键词： CfD simulation porous media porous electrode pressure drop redox flow battery

Adverse selection,loan access and default behavior in the Chilean consumer debt market

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financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 1566-1594页

作者： carlos Madeira Central Bank of Chile SantiagoChile

Why do households use different types of loans?Which factors cause borrowers to default?Using a comprehensive survey dataset from Chile,I estimate a partial information model of consumer debt access,lender choice,loan amount and default.The model consists of a first-stage multinomial logit that explains the choice across the five loan types,plus the options of no access to debt due to credit constraints and a no wish for consumer debt.In the second and third stages,the model assumes a log-linear regression of the debt amount and a logit regression of the default behavior,accounting for the loan type selection probability.Identification is obtained using factors measured at different time periods for the default and the loan type choices.I find that households choose different lenders based on income,education and labor risks.Higher income and education decrease the probability of credit constraints,while increasing bank lending and debt amounts.Unemployment risk and household size increase the chances of all the loan types;however,unemployment decreases the debt amount.Age and wage volatility reduce the probability of all loans.Default decreases with income,education and age,whereas it increases with indebtedness,unemployment,household size,health shocks,and paying previous loans.Counterfactual exercises demonstrate that pension reform,higher requirements for borrowers’capacities,and financial literacy programs could substantially reduce default risk.financial literacy could greatly reduce arrears,households with credit constraints,the number of debtors and the aggregate debt amounts,especially for non-bank lending.Highlights Chilean borrowers present heterogeneous adverse selection across lender types.No Debt Access decreases with income,age,education,but it increases with risk.Default is associated with income,unemployment,indebtedness and demographics.Paying past loans and health needs are associated with indebtedness and default.financial literacy programs may be a powerful policy to improve the debt market.

关键词： Consumer credit Default risk Unemployment financial literacy Adverse selection Credit constraints

Ammonia borane-based reactive mixture for trapping and converting carbon dioxide

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frontiers of Materials Science 2022年第2期16卷 71-81页

作者： carlos A.CASTILLA-MARTINEZ Bilge COŞKUNER fİLİZ Eddy PETIT Aysel KANTÜRK fİGEN Umit B.DEMIRCI Institut Europeen des Membranes(IEM) UMR 5635Univ MontpellierENSCMCNRSMontpellierFrance Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Yildiz Technical UniversityİstanbulTurkey Department of Chemical Engineering Yildiz Technical UniversityİstanbulTurkey

Ammonia borane(NH_(3)BH_(3))is a reducing agent,able to trap and convert carbon dioxide.In the present work,we used a reactive solid consisting of a mixture of 90 wt.%of NH_(3)BH_(3)and 10 wt.%of palladium chloride,because the mixture reacts in a fast and exothermic way while releasing H2 and generating catalytic Pd0.We took advantage of such reactivity to trap and convert CO_(2)(7 bar),knowing besides that Pd0 is a CO_(2)hydrogenation catalyst.The operation(i.***.stage 1)was effective:BNH polymers,and B−O,C=O,C−O,and C−H bonds(like in BOCH_(3)and BOOCH groups)were identified.We then(in stage 2)pyrolyzed the as-obtained solid at 1250℃ and washed it with water.In doing so,we isolated cyclotriboric acid H_(3)B3O6(stemming from B2O3 formed at 1250℃),hexagonal boron nitride,and graphitic carbon.In conclusion,the stage 1 showed that CO_(2)can be‘trapped’and converted,resulting in the formation of BOCH_(3)and BOOCH groups(possible sources of methanol and formic acid),and the stage 2 showed that CO_(2)transforms into graphitic carbon.

关键词： ammonia borane boron nitride boron oxide carbon dioxide graphitic carbon